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1、专业好文档中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试桥梁工程（本） 试题一、选择题（每题仅有一个正确答案，将正确答案序号填入括号内，每小题2分，共计40分）1 1对于拱桥，计算跨径即( ) A每跨拱桥的起点到其终点 B拱桥的标准跨径 C两个拱脚截面最低点之间的水平距离 D拱轴线两端点之间的水平距离2下列各组桥梁，按桥梁全长和跨径不同划分的一组是( ) A梁式桥、拱式桥、悬索桥 B公路桥、铁路桥、公路铁路两用桥 C钢筋混凝土桥、预应力混凝土桥、钢桥 D特大桥、大桥、中桥 3结构重力、预加应力、土的重力及侧压力、混凝土收缩及徐变影响力属于( ) A永久荷载 B可变荷载 C
2、活荷载 D偶然荷载 4根据下列各承重结构截面形式的特点，你认为最适于连续梁桥的截面形式是( ) A板式截面 B肋板式截面 C箱形截面 DT型截面5下列不属于桥梁上部结构立面布置的是( ) A桥梁体系的选择 B桥长和分跨的确定 C桥面标高及梁高的选择 D-主梁与肋梁的截面形式6肋梁式截面桥跨径与荷载之间的关系说法正确的一项是( ) A梁桥跨径增大时，弯矩随跨径平方成反比 B梁桥跨径增大时，弯矩随跨径成反比 C梁桥跨径增大时，剪力随跨径成反比 D梁桥跨径增大时，剪力随跨径成正比7能够说明截面设计经济性的是( ) A梁的高度 B上、下核心距 C截面效率指标 D梁的高跨比8在荷载横向分布诸法中，横向分
3、布范围最窄的方法为( ) A偏心受压法 B刚接梁法 C杠杆法 D铰接板（梁）法9影响无腹筋简支梁斜截面破坏形态的主要因素是( ) A剪跨比 B混凝土强度 C纵向受拉钢筋和箍筋数量 D以上都不对10桥梁设计时主梁配筋多少及布置位置最主要依据是( ) A跨中截面的最不利内力组合 B各截面的基本组合内力 C截面的内力包络图 D截面的束界11主要承重结构以受压为主的桥梁是( ) A梁式桥 B拱式桥 C悬索桥 D斜拉桥12G-M法计算荷载的横向分布用于( ) A桥面板铰接的肋梁桥 B桥面板刚接的肋梁桥 C桥面板无连接的肋梁桥 D以上都不正确 13.梁桥荷载横向分布的沿跨变化，仅在计算( )时方予考虑。
4、A1/4截面剪力 B1/4截面弯矩 C支点截面剪力 D1/2截面弯矩 14橡胶支座的缺点是( ) A不易更换 B易老化 C不耐压 D弹性差 15在预应力混凝土构件中，通常要求预应力钢材( ) A高强度、高松弛 B高强度、低松弛 C低强度、高松弛 D低强度、低松弛 16拱式桥的主拱圈属于( ) A受弯构件 B受扭构件 C中心承压构件 D以承压为主的偏心受压构件 17当不受使用条件限制时，从设计和方便施工两方面考虑，多孔拱桥宜采用( ) A.等跨不同型方案 B不等跨不同型方案 C等跨同型方案 D不同型大跨径方案 18实腹拱从拱顶向拱脚恒载强度( ) A线性增加 B线性降低 C不变化 D没有规律 1
5、9拉索占整个斜拉桥造价的比例是( ) A10%15% B15%20% C20%25% D25%30% 20大跨径斜拉桥的塔柱多采用( ) AT形截面 B箱形截面 C工字形截面 D矩形截面二、判断题（以表示正确，以表示错误，将判断结果填入括号中每小题2分，共计20分） 1上部结构是支承桥跨结构并将恒载和车辆等荷载传至地基的建筑物。( ) 2桥梁高度，简称桥高，是指桥面与低水位之间的高差，或为桥面与桥下线路路面之间的距离。( ) 3桥梁按用途划分，可分为上承式桥、下承式桥和中承式桥。( ) 4简支梁桥的桥跨结构主要承受由荷载引起的弯矩和剪力。( ) 5装配式主梁截面几乎不采用T形截面。( ) 6车
6、轮荷载在桥面铺装层中呈30。角扩散到行车道板上。( ) 7无铰拱桥，对地基的要求较低。( ) 8单孔拱桥及多孔拱桥的施工均应按照对称、均衡的原则，并严格按照加载程序进行。 ( ) 9桥梁建筑高度不受限制时，降低梁高可节省预应力筋的数量。( ) 10.斜拉桥主梁的截面形式主要有板式、分离式双箱、整体闭合箱、半封闭箱。( )三、简答题（简要解答下列各题，每小题8分，共计40分） 1桥梁按结构体系和受力特性的不同可分为哪些？桥梁按主要承重结构所用材料划分可分为哪些？ 2桥面铺装是车轮直接作用的部分，其主要功用是什么？ 3装配式简支梁桥的主梁截面大多采用T形截面的原因是什么？ 4杠杆法计算荷载横向分布
7、系数的步骤是什么？ 5桥梁工程中，绝对合理的拱轴是找不到的，其原因是什么？试卷代号：1196 中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试桥梁工程（本） 试题答案及评分标准 （供参考） 2010年7月一、选择题（每题仅有一个正确答案，将正确答案序号填入括号内，每小题2分，共计40分） 1D 2D 3A 4C 5D 6D 7C 8C 9A 10B 11B12C 13C 14B 15B 16D 17C 18A 19C 20B二、判断题（以表示正确，以表示错误，将判断结果填入括号中，每小题2分，共计20分） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. 1三、简答题（简要解答下
8、列各题，每小题8分，共计40分） 1桥梁按结构体系和受力特性的不同可分为哪些？桥梁按主要承重结构所用材料划分可分为哪些？ 答案要点： 桥梁按结构体系和受力特性的不同，可分为：梁式桥、拱式桥、悬索桥、组合体系桥（包括刚架桥、梁拱组合体系桥、斜拉桥等）。 按主要承重结构所用材料划分，可分为：圬工桥（包括砖、石、混凝土桥）、钢筋混凝土桥、预应力混凝土桥、钢桥和木桥等。 2桥面铺装是车轮直接作用的部分，其主要功用是什么？ 答案要点： 桥面铺装主要功用有三点： (1)防止车辆轮胎或履带直接磨损桥面板； (2)保护主梁免受雨水侵蚀； (3)分布车轮集中荷载。 3装配式简支梁桥的主梁截面大多采用T形截面的原
9、因是什么？ 答案要点： 主梁截面大多采用T形截面。其原因是T形截面最适合于简支梁的受力特点，即只承受单向弯矩。对于跨径较大的简支梁桥，为了减轻单片主梁的吊装重量，主梁也常采用I形截面，但最终的桥梁横截面与采用T形截面主梁构成的桥梁横截面差别不大。 4杠杆法计算荷载横向分布系数的步骤是什么？ 答案要点： (1)绘制主梁的荷载反力影响线； (2)确定荷载的横向最不利的布置； (3)内插计算对应于荷载位置的影响线纵标Tli； (4)计算主梁在车道荷载和人群荷载作用下的横向分布系数。 5桥梁工程中，绝对合理的拱轴是找不到的，其原因是什么？ 答案要点： (1)主拱总荷载是恒载和活载的组合，由于活载（车辆
10、、行人）的频繁变动，总荷载将随时发生变化，因此，以一条选定的拱轴线去适应频繁变化的荷载压力线是不可能的； (2)主拱并非绝对刚体，承载后将发生变形，变形后的实际拱轴线将偏离原来设计位置，即使是与设计拱轴线相适应的荷载作用下，主拱截面也将出现弯矩。 所以只能找到相对合理拱轴。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been name
11、d at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the c
12、ompetitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has th
13、e chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, th
14、e head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt
15、and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into t
16、he referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an
17、important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day w
18、eather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of
19、turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in
20、Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the
21、Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the s
22、tands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pre
23、ssure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.
