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1、IMPROVING HAND HYGIENE PRACTICES IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS,Mazen Kherallah,MD,FCCPCritical Care Medicine and Infectious Disease,Why should we clean our hands?Barriers to frequent handwashing How do hands become contaminated?Advantages of alcohol-based hand rubsNew Hand Hygiene Recommendations,IMPROVING
2、 YOUR HAND HYGIENE PRACTICES,To remove visible soiling from handsTo prevent transfer of bacteria from the home to the hospitalTo prevent transfer of bacteria from the hospital to the home To prevent infections that patients acquire in the hospital,What is the single most important reason for healthc
3、are workers to practice good hand hygiene?,The Iceberg Effect,Many studies have shown that the bacteria that cause hospital-acquired infections are most frequently spread from one patient to another on the hands of healthcare workersThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)and other health
4、care-related organizations believe that cleaning your hands before and after having contact with patients is one of the most important measures for preventing the spread of bacteria in healthcare settings,Why is cleaning your hands between patients important?,Does handwashing really reduce the sprea
5、d of bacteria in healthcare settings?,Yes!A scientific study performed in a hospital nursery found that when nurses did not wash their hands between patient contacts,babies acquired Staph bacteria much more frequently than babies cared for by nurses who washed their hands with an antimicrobial soap.
6、Several other studies also show that washing hands between patient contacts reduces the spread of bacteria in healthcare,Average,Although handwashing has been proven to reduce the spread of microorganisms in healthcare facilities,healthcare workers often do not wash their hands when recommended.In 3
7、4 studies of handwashing,workers washed their hands only 40%of the time.,Average Compliance of Personnel in 34 Studies of Handwashing,How is our track record on handwashing in healthcare facilities?,Why is compliance with recommended handwashing so poor?,Heavy workloads(too busy)Sinks are poorly loc
8、ated Skin irritation caused by frequent exposure to soap and water Hands dont look dirtyHandwashing takes too long,Increasing Workload,Handwashing Compliance,A recent study showed that the busier healthcare workers are,the less likely they are to wash their hands when recommendedNursing shortages ha
9、ve caused nurses to be busier than ever before,Personnel with heavy workloads have little time to wash their hands,Sinks are often poorly located,Sinks used for handwashing are often installed in inconvenient locations.Personnel may fail to wash their hands when indicated because it is too much trou
10、ble to get to the sinks provided.,Another reason why personnel dont wash their hands often,Frequent handwashing with soap and water often causes skin irritation and dryness.In the winter months,some personnel may even develop cracks in their skin that cause bleeding,as seen in the adjacent figure.,C
11、ulture plate showing growth of bacteria 24 hours after a nurse placed her hand on the plate,Many personnel dont realize when they have germs on their hands,Nurses,doctors and other healthcare workers can get 100s or 1000s of bacteria on their hands by doing simple tasks,like pulling patients up in b
12、ed taking a blood pressure or pulsetouching a patients hand rolling patients over in bed touching the patients gown or bed sheets touching equipment like bedside rails,over-bed tables,IV pumpsHow can this happen?,13-25%40%30-39%,Percent of Patients with MRSA Who Carry the Organism on Their Skin,Pati
13、ents often carry resistant bacteria on their skin,Patients with resistant bacteria like methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)or vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE)often carry the organism on many areas of their skin,even when they dont have any wounds or broken skin.,Percent of Surfaces Contaminate
14、d,Frequency of Environmental Contaminationof Surfaces in the Rooms of Patients withMethicillin-Resistant S.aureus(MRSA),Heres another way healthcare workers contaminate their hands,Healthcare workers can contaminate their hands by touching environmental surfaces near affected patients.,Alcohol-based
15、(hand)rub:An alcohol-containing preparation(liquid,gel or foam).Antimicrobial(medicated)soap:Soap(detergent)containing an antiseptic agent at a concentration Plain soap:Detergents that do not contain antimicrobial agents,or that contain very low concentrations of antimicrobial agents effective solel
16、y as preservatives.,Hand Hygiene Products,Ability of Hand Hygiene Agents to Reduce Bacteria on Hands,Efficacy of Hand Hygiene Preparations in Killing Bacteria,Good,Better,Best,Plain Soap,Antimicrobial soap,Alcohol-based handrub,How can we overcome problems associated with handwashing?,Since washing
17、hands frequently with soap and water is inconvenient time-consuming often causes skin irritation and drynessWe need to make it easier for you to clean your hands quickly,with a minimum efforts and skin irritation.One way to accomplish these goals is to clean your hands with an alcohol-based handrub(
18、a gel,rinse or foam).,Using an alcohol-based handrub takes less time than handwashing,More than 20 published studies have shown that alcohol-based handrubs are more effective than either plain soap or antibacterial soaps in reducing the number of live bacteria on the hands,Are alcohol-based handrubs
19、 really effective?,When hospitals placed alcohol handrub dispensers near each patients bed,healthcare workers cleaned their hands significantly more often than they did when only sinks were available for handwashing.,Promoting alcohol hand rubs improve hand hygiene habits,Advantages of cleaning hand
20、s with alcohol-based handrubs,When compared to traditional soap and water handwashing,alcohol handrubs have the following advantages:take less time to use can be made more accessible than sinks cause less skin irritation and dryness are more effective in reducing the number of bacteria on hands make
21、s alcohol-based handrubs readily available to personnel has led to improved hand hygiene practices,New CDC guideline recommends frequent use of alcohol-based handrubs,New guideline developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)and infection control organizations recommends that hea
22、lthcare workers use an alcohol-based handrub(a gel,rinse or foam)to routinely clean their hands between patient contacts,as long as hands are not dirty.,When should you wash your hands with soap and water?,Wash your hands with plain soap and water,or with antimicrobial soap and water if:Your hands a
23、re visibly soiled(dirty)Hands are visibly contaminated with blood or body fluids Before eating After using the restroom,Here are some tips on how to wash your hands effectively,Wet hands first with water Apply 3 to 5 ml of soap to handsRub hands together for at least 15 secondsCover all surfaces of
24、the hands and fingersRinse hands with waterDry your hands with a clean or disposable towelUse paper towel to turn off water faucet,Vijay Pratap Raghuvanshi M.Phil&MHA(Hospital&Health Administration),When should you use an alcohol-based handrub?,If hands are not visibly soiled or contaminated with bl
25、ood or body fluids,use an alcohol-based handrub for routinely cleaning your hands:Before having direct contact with patientsAfter having direct contact with a patients skinAfter having contact with body fluids,wounds or broken skinAfter touching equipment or furniture near the patientAfter removing
26、gloves,Here are some tips on how to use an alcohol handrub,Apply 1.5 to 3 ml of an alcohol gel or rinse to the palm of one hand,and rub hands together Cover all surfaces of your hands and fingers Include areas around/under fingernails Continue rubbing hands together until alcohol dries If you have a
27、pplied a sufficient amount of alcohol hand rub,it should take at least 10-15 seconds of rubbing before your hands feel dry.,Vijay Pratap Raghuvanshi M.Phil&MHA(Hospital&Health Administration),When should you wash your hands?,Although its impossible to keep your hands germ-free,times exist when its c
28、ritical to wash your hands to limit the transfer of bacteria,viruses and other microbes.,AlwaysOftenSometimesNever,How often do you clean your hands after touching a PATIENTS INTACT SKIN,15 minutes30 minutes1 hour2.5 hours,How much time would an ICU nurse save during an 8 hour shift by using an alco
29、hol-based handrub instead of soap and water?,AlwaysOftenSometimeNever,How often do you clean your hands after touching an ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACE near a patient?,Use of artificial nails by healthcare workers poses no risk to patients.,Strongly agreeAgreeDont knowDisagreeStrongly disagree,Strongly agre
30、eAgreeDont knowDisagreeStrongly disagree,Glove use for all patient care contacts is a useful strategy for reducing risk of transmission of organisms.,PREVENTIONIS PRIMARY!,Protect patientsprotect healthcare personnelpromote quality healthcare!,Critical Care is A Promise,If you are admitted to our ICU we will:,Wash our hands before and after we touch youUse alcohol-based hand rubMake sure that physicians and all health care workers do the same before and after touching youWill use glove use to reduce risk of transmission of organisms,
