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1、Lesson 10,The Trial That Rocked the World,I.Aims and Contents of Teaching:,1.Comprehend and paraphrase the text,master the language points,finish all exercises after the text.2.Enlarge the vocabulary,be familiar with the style and rhetoric devices:pun,assonance,oxymoron,understatement3.Group work:Pr
2、esentation:The climax of the trial.,II.Pre-reading questions:,1.Tell something about the author from this article.2.What do you think of the struggles between fundamentalists and modernists?What did that show?3.Try to elaborate the views of Darrow and Malone and that of Brans?4.Did John Scopes lose
3、or win the case?5.What do you think is the message of the article?Why was so much attention paid to this trial?,III.Background Knowledge:,1.ReligionsGod:the Deity,the Divinity,Holy One,Jehovah,the Lord,Providence,the Almighty,the Creator and etc.There is only one God in heaven.But the belief in God
4、has developed three religious sections:Christianity,Judaism and Islam.,III.Background Knowledge:,Christianity:Roman CatholicProtestant Orthodox Eastern ChurchTrinity:the Holy Father,the Holy Son and the Holy Spirit/Ghost,with Jesus Christ as its incarnation.,III.Background Knowledge:,Bible:Name of t
5、he Christian Scriptures,the Old Testament and the New Testament.Old Testament:Christian name for the Hebrew Bible,the first portion of the Christian BibleGenesis:first book of the Old Testament which tells the origin of the world and of man,III.Background Knowledge:,Bible:New Testament:the distincti
6、ve Christian portion of the Bible Gospel:Greek word for good news.the first four books of the New Testament.fundamentalism:conservative religious movement.Its aim is to maintain word for word interpretations of the Bible.Nowadays this word can apply to other religions.,III.Background Knowledge:,2.Am
7、erican governing system a.Legislature:parliament-Congress and Senateb.Executive:the president and his administration c.Judicial:the Federal Supreme Court,III.Background Knowledge:,3.Civil Law:4.Criminal Law5.Jury6.Counselor/Counsellor,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 1 p166:,A buzz ran through the crowd
8、as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925.1.buzz:a noise of a low hum,low confused whisper2.sweltering:very hot,causing unpleasantness,torrid,sultry 10,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 1 p166:,The counsel for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow.Leadi
9、ng counsel for the prosecution was William Jennings Bryan,3.counsel:a group of one or more lawyers(barristers)acting for someone in a court of law4.prosecution:the act of bringing a criminal charge against sb.in a court 11,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 1 p166:,Bryan,the silver-tongued orator three tim
10、es Democratic nominee for President of the United States,and leader of the fundamentalist.5.silver-tongued:(lit.)able to give fine persuading speeches,eloquent6.orator:a good public speaker,a person who delivers an oration(formal and solemn public speeches)12,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 1 p166:,7.no
11、minee:a person who has been named officially for election to a position,office,honour,etc.a Nobel Prize nominee/a presidential nomineeBryan was a leader of the foundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.13,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p166:,Now I was involved in a trial reported the w
12、orld over.9.involve:to cause sb.to become connected or concernedDont involve other people in your mistakes.Translate:不管喜欢不喜欢，我们都被牵扯进去了。We are all involved,whether we like it or not.14,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p166:,Seated in court,ready to testify on my behalf,were a dozen distinguished profess
13、ors and scientists,led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University.10.testify:to make a solemn statement,esp.under oath in a court of law,of what is true翻译：证人在法庭上作证。The witnesses testify/give evidence in the law court.15,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p166:,More than 100 reporters were on hand,
14、11.on hand:available,present,cf:within reach:the distance one can reachat hand:near in time or place 16,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p166:,Always have your dictionary on hand/within reach/at hand when you study.翻译：1.请于12点正出席。2.我现在手头有很多重要工作1.Please be on hand at 12 sharp.2.I have a great deal of imp
15、ortant work on hand.17,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p166:,Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for 12.reassure:comfort and make free from fearThe doctor reassured the sick man about his health.assure:try to cause to believe or trust in sth.;promiseThe
16、captain assured the passengers that there was no danger.18,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 1 p167:,The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master13.erupt:(of a volcano)to explode and pour out fireHere,emerge,happen quickly,come down upon unexpectedly and violentl
17、y;Paraphrase:I was suddenly engulfed by the whole affair.19,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 1 p167:,The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament.14.adhere to:to favour strongly,stick firmly to;The wallpaper wont adhere to the ceiling.They adhere to the contract.20,VI.Deta
18、iled Study,paragraph 2 p167:,and the state legislature had recently passed a law prohibiting the teaching of any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible.15.prohibit:to forbid,to banto prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquorsFORBID is more direct and familiar,
19、while PROHIBIT is more formal or official;21,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 4 p167:,Then you have been violating the law.16.violate:to disregard or act against sth.solemnly promised,breakThis is considered as a violation of the Constitution.If you violate someones privacy or peace,you disturb it.22,VI.
20、Detailed Study,paragraph 6 p167:,Lets take this thing to court,he said,and test the legality of it.17.legality:the condition of being lawful;lawfulnessThe legality of this action will be decided by the court.23,VI.Detailed Study,last paragraph p167:,When I was indicted on May 7,no one,least of all I
21、,anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S.history.18.indict:to indict sb.for a crime means to charge them with it officiallyFive men were caught at the scene and indicted.24,VI.Detailed Study,last paragraph p167:,cf:accuse,charge,prosecute,blameOne accuses sb
22、.of cheating.One charges sb.with cheating.One prosecutes sb.for theft.One blames sb.for the failure.25,VI.Detailed Study,last paragraph p167:,least of all:to an insignificant degreeNobody need worry,you least of all/least of all you.Least of all would I lie to you.翻译：没人感到高兴，尤其是Jenny.Nobody seemed am
23、used,least of all Jenny.26,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p168:,the trial began on July 10,our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circus atmosphere.take on:begin to have(a particular quality,appearance,etc),assume sth.He has taken on some irritating mannerism.Her eyes took on a hurt expression.27,VI
24、.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p168:,The buildings along the main street were festooned with banners.20.festoon:If you festoon sth.with decorations,lights or other things,you spread or hang these things over it in large numbers in order to decorate it.The garden was festooned with coloured lights.28,VI
25、.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p168:,The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot dogs,religious books and watermelons 21.sprout:to grow or come out,appear and spread rapidlyn.new growth of a plant,shoot翻译：豆芽，竹笋bean sprouts/bamboo shoots22.rickety:wea
26、k in joints and likely to break、29,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p168:,Evangelists set up tents to exhort the passersby.23.evangelist:one who preaches the gospel(good news)24.exhort:urge earnestly or advise strongly sb.to do sth.to exhort sb.to do good/to work harder,etc.30,VI.Detailed Study,paragra
27、ph 2 p168:,fundamentalists,arrived to cheer Bryan against the“infidel outsiders Among them was John Butler,who had drawn up the anti-evolution law.had never been out of his native county.25.cheer:support and encourage,shout in praise,approval or support26.infidel:(old&derog.)(used esp.in former time
28、s by Christians and Muslims of each other)someone who does not follow ones own religion,unbeliever27.draw up:to form and usu.write,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 3 p168:,The judge John Raul.,a florid-faced man who announced:Im just a reglar mountaineer jedge.Bryan,ageing and paunchy,Tennessees brillian
29、t young attorney-general,Tom Stewart.28.florid:(of a persons face)having a red skin29.paunchy:(derog.and humour)(esp.of a man)having a fat stomach,pot belly30.attorney-general:chief law officer and legal expert of the government of a state 33,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p168:,Besides theshrewd 68-
30、year-old Darrow,31.shrewd:clever in judgement,esp.of what is to ones own advantageHe is a shrewd and sometimes ruthless adversary.翻译：一个精明老练的律师洞悉一切花招。a shrewd lawyer who knows all the tricks 34,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p168:,my counsel included the handsome and magnetic Dudley Field Malone,43,an
31、d Arthur Garfield Hays,quiet,scholarly and steeped in the law.32.steep:soak,to let sth.stay in a liquid for softening,bringing out a taste etc.Leave the coffee to steep for 5 minutes 35,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p168:,In a trial in which religion played a key role,Darrow was an agnostic,Malone a
32、 Catholic and Hays a Jew.33.agnostic:person who believes that one can only have knowledge of material things and that nothing is or can be known about God or life after deathcf:atheist:person who doubts the existence of God 36,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 1 p169:,Of the 12 jurors,three had never read
33、 any book except the Bible.One couldnt read.As my father growled Thats one hell of a jury!34.growl/au/:to say sth.in a low rough and rather angry voice.The dog growled at me.37,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p169:,After the preliminary sparring over legalities,Darrow got up to make his opening statem
34、ent.35.preliminary:introductory,preparatory36.spar:to box without hitting hard,argue or dispute(with sb)The children are sparring with each other.38,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 3 p168:,Darrow drawled.I know what he is here for,too.He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant,and it is a migh
35、ty strong combination.37.drawl:say slowly with vowels greatly lengthened,humorously and dramaticallydrawl out ones words38.rampant:widespread and impossible to controlbigotry:the state of having very strong,unreasonable attitudes and opinions,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 3 p168:,it is the setting of
36、man against man and creed against creed until.。the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind.39.bigot:one who obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his own opinions and prejud
37、ices,esp.religious beliefs.41.fagot:a bundle of sticks of firewood42.enlighten:cause to understand,41,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 3 p168:,my pupils testified,grinning shyly at me,that I had taught them evolution,but added that they had not been contamianted by the experience.43.contaminate:to make i
38、mpure,bad by mixing with dirty/poisonous matterDont eat the food,it may have been contaminated by the flies.42,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 2 p170:,He said man had reasoning power.There is some doubt about that,Darrow snorted.44.snort:to make a rough noise by blowing air down the nose,to express impa
39、tience or anger by this soundWe ran when the bull began to snort.snore:breathe heavily/noisily through the nose/mouth while asleep 43,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 3 p170:,In one hand he brandished a biology text as he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defence.46.brand
40、ish:to wave sth.threateningly stressing threat.I shall brandish my sword before them.47.denounce:to criticise severely and publicly,announce threateninglyThe newspapers denounced the new taxes.44,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 4 p170:,The Bible,he thundered in his sonorous organ tones,is not going to b
41、e driven out of this court by experts who come to testify that they can reconcile evolution,with its ancestors in the jungle,with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as par t of a divine plan.48.sonorous:having a pleasantly full loud soundthe sonority of the bass voices 45,VI.D
42、etailed Study,paragraph 4 p170:,The Bible,he thundered in his sonorous organ tones,is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come to testify that they can reconcile evolution,with its ancestors in the jungle,with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as par t of
43、a divine plan.49.reconcile:make peace between,make friendly againI cannot reconcile the two points of view.46,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 4 p170:,The Bible,he thundered in his sonorous organ tones,is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come to testify that they can reconcile evol
44、ution,with its ancestors in the jungle,with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as par t of a divine plan.50.jungle:tropical forest too thick to walk through easily.51.image:likeliness,form,copy52.divine:of,related to,or being god or a god 47,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 5 p170:
45、,As he finished,jaw out-thrust,eyes flashing,the audience burst into applause and shouts of Amen.53.thrust:to push forcefully and suddenly,to make a sudden forward stroke with a sword,knife,etc.He thrust the fork into the meat.54.Applause:n.applaud:v.Everyone stood up to applaud.48,VI.Detailed Study
46、,paragraph 5 p170:,Gone was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.55.fervour:passion,zeal,enthusiasm,intense heatspeak with great fervour fervent:showing strong and warm feelings,hot,passionatea fervent love/hatred 49,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph
47、5 p170:,56.arena:an area of land or a large room where sports,entertainment and public events take place.The city built a new sports arena.After World II Japan entered the arena of international trade.57.prairie:(in North America)a wild treeless grassy plain.50,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 5 p170:,Th
48、e crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have.58.scorch:to burn(part of)a surface so as to change its colour,tasteThe hot iron scorched the tablecloth.a scorched-earth policyThe hot weather scorched the grass.51,VI.Detai
49、led Study,last paragraph p170:,Malone popped up to reply.Mr.Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the Bible,he observed.“Mr.Bryan,with passionate spirit and enthusiasm,has given most of his life to politics.59.observe:to make a remark,to say,to comment60.passion:strong,often uncon
50、trollable feelingHe expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved.passionate:filled with passion,eager 52,VI.Detailed Study,paragraph 1 p171:,He appealed for intellectual freedom,and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion.63.appeal:1)to make a strong req
