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1、现 在 完 成 时 态,The Present Perfect Tense,1,study English,How long have you been studying English?,I have been studying English for three years.,(2011-now),When did you start studying English?,In 2011,2,现在完成时 Present perfect tense,构成:,助动词have/has+过去分词,1.肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去分词”。注意：该句式中的have或has是助动
2、词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。,eg.He has eaten supper.,They have eaten supper.,3,2.疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。(回答用“Yes，-have/has“No，-havent/hasnt”）3.否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“havent/hasnt过去分词”。,eg.Has he eaten supper?,Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.,eg.He hasnt eaten supper.,They havent eaten supper.,4,现在完成时态的分类
3、,用法一、1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）例如I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）I have just had my breakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)Has he had his breakfast?Yes,he has.When did he have his breakfast?He had breakfast at 6:00.,5,1.My father bought many books for me yesterday.Now,I
4、 have a lot to read because _2.I saw this film last week.Now,I know this film because I_.3.I did my homework yesterday.Now,I can give it to the teacher because I_,my father has bought many books for me.,have seen it before,have done it.,6,通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just(谓语动词之前)（刚刚）,already（已经(肯定句)）,before,yet
5、（一般疑问(句末）：已经；否定句：还）never,ever(疑问句)twice recently(近来）等状语连用 1 Tom has already finished his homework.Tom hasnt finished his homework yet.2 I have just had my lunch.She hasnt seen you before.3 Have you ever eaten fish?I have never eaten fish I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse
6、?She has already finished the work.Have you milked the cow yet?Yes,I have done that already.Ive just finished my homework.He has not come yet.,7,Exercises,1.I _(have)lunch already.2.the train_(arrive)yet?3.Tom _ never_(be)to China.4.The twin _just _(see)my father.5.The twins _(see)my father just now
7、.6._ you ever _(ride)a horse?Never.,have had,Has arrived,has,been,has,seen,saw,have ridden,8,7._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we_(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.8._ he _(see)this film yet?No.When _ he _(see)it?He _ it tomorrow.9.How many times _you_(come)here?Once.,Have,cleane
8、d,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,will,see,will see,have,come,9,1 你已经问过这个问题两边了，别再烦我了。2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。3 你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。4 你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。5 你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。,10,用法二：,表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。A 动词使用延续性动词。B 和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与for或since引导的时间连用so far,up to/till now,in t
9、he last/past+一段时间，all ones life,by now,these days,these days、for two years、since 1984、since he came here I havent seen her these days.She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?,11,注意：(1)since一段时间agofor时间段;s
10、ince two weeks ago=for two weeks;I have kept the library book for a week.=I have kept the library book since a week ago.(2)since+时间点for时间段 since 2000=for years(3)since+从句(常用一般过去时)The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris(4)It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.It i
11、s/has been two years since my brother joined the army.,12,一、用for和since填空。,_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday,_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last month,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,13,用for和since填空,They
12、 have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2.I havent seen her _ a long time.3.He has been living here _ 2001.4.She has been doing her homework _ two hours.5.Its 5 years _ we left school.6.How long has Mary been a teacher?_ two years ago.,Have a try,since,for,since,for,since,Since,14,用for 或sin
13、ce填空。1.Jill has been in Ireland_Monday.2.Jill has been in Ireland_three days.3.My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.4.Margaret is in her office.She has been there_7 oclock.5.India has been an independent country_1974.6.The bus is late.Weve been waiting_20 minutes.7.Nobody lives in those houses.The
14、y have been empty many years.8.Mike has been ill_a long time.He has been in hospital _October9.Its ten years _ we met each other last time.10.He has taught English _ 25 years.11.The Greens have lived on the farm _ 1990.12.They have been practicing the guitar _ two hours.13.How long have you been a r
15、eporter?_ 8 years ago.14.I havent gone for a walk in the park _ a long time.15.Hes been collecting stamps _ he was in primary school.16.Peter has been to summer camp _ 3 times.,15,1 我自从上周三以来都没有看过电视了。2 教室这么脏，谁没有扫？3 我自从98年来这儿，一直在二中教英语。4 她自从三岁开始一直在这儿住。5在刚刚过去的半年里我已经教了许多好朋友。6你爸爸在那个工厂工作多久了？自从我们99年搬家来这儿。,1
16、6,三、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get to know,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago.He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.it is
17、 five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了。The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began,17,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,第一类：动词 be+adj.die finish open/closefall ill/asleepmarry sb/get married to第二类：动词 be+介词.start/beginleavejoin,be dead,be away
18、from,be in/be a member of,be open/closed,be on,be over,be ill/asleep,be married to,18,第三类：动词 另一个动词 buyborrowget/begin to延续性v.becomeput oneg.,keep,have,be,延续性v.,wear,19,His father died 2 years ago.The football match began at 9:00a.m.The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old.My teacher lef
19、t Nanjing 3 days ago.,His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years.,The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.,The twins have been soldiers/in the army、members of the army since they were 18years old.,My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,20,巧记瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来
20、还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束。”,21,结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 arrive at/in sp/get to/reach sp/come/go/move to sp be in sp/at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be thereHe got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for.2)I moved to the USA in 2008.I the USA since.3)I went home yesterday.I home for.4)T
21、hey came here last week.They _ here since _.come to/go back to/return to be back to go out be outHe came out two years ago.He _ for _.2)We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _.become beI became a teacher in 2000.I _ a teacher for_.2)The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dir
22、ty for _ _.close be closed open be openThe shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ for _.2)The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.,22,get up be up;die be dead;leave sp.be away from sp.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep;finish/end be over;marry be married;1)I got up two ho
23、urs ago.I _ _ _since _.2)He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4)The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5)I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6)They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin
24、to do sth.do sth.;begin be on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.,23,borrow keep;lose not have;buy have;put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold;get to know know1)They borrowed it last week.They _it since _.2)I
25、 bought a pen two hours ago.I _a pen for _.3)I got to know him last year.I _ him since _.4)I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ my glasses for _.have/has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league member/a Party member/a sol
26、dier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1)He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2)My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.,24,注意点四：hav
27、e been in,have been to 与have gone to 的用法1、have(has)been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：I have just been to the post off
28、ice.我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have(has)been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the boo
29、kshop.他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。,25,have/has been to和have/has gone to 的用法区别,1“Have/has been to+地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。2“have/has gone to+地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。巧记：been to，gone to 意不同，两者用法要记清；have been to+地名，曾经到过某地行；have gone to+地点，到某地去了一走远。,用
30、have/has been to和have/has gone to填空 Hi，Lucy，you ever Beijing？No，I.What about your sister，Lily？Oh，she Chengdu，she will come back next week.Ok，thanks.Youre welcome.,have been to,havent,has gone to,用法四,26,用have/has been to/in,have gone to及go的各种形式填空.1)Where is Jack He _ his country.2)David _ the park ju
31、st now.3)John _ England since he came back.4)How long _ they _ this village 5)The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6)_ ying for years.6)_ you ever _ America-Yes,I _ there many times.7)I _ this school since three years ago.8)Where is Jim He _ the farm.9)When_ he _ He _ an hour ago.10)Would you like to _ to
32、 the zoo with me-Yes,but I _ there before.11)Where _ you _ now-I _ to the zoo.12)He often _ swimming.13)_ you _ there last year 14)_ they often _ skating in winter,27,试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空1 I（live）here since I was ten years old.2 I（live）here in 1998.-you your breakfast？-Yes，I have.-When you it？-30 minutes
33、 ago.,注意现在完成时的几个特殊方面：（一）现在完成时与一般现在时的区别,have lived,lived,Have,had,did,have,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。一）现在完成时与一般现在时的句型转换eg：I have studied English for three years-I studied English three years ago-It is three years since I st
34、udied English,28,注意点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last night,two weeks ago等 试比较：The plane has arrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fif
35、teen years.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）,29,用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.Mary _(lose)her pen._ you _(see)it here and there?2._ you _(find)your watch yet?3.-Are you thirsty?-NO,I _ just _(have)some orange.4.We _already _(return)the book.5._ the
36、y _(build)a new school in the village?6.-Has Tom taught you English?-Yes,he _(teach)us English for two years.7.I _(not finish)my homework yet.Can you help me?8.What _ they _(do)with the newspaper?They have read them.9.-The door is open.Who _(open)it?Do you know?-Sorry,I dont know.10.My father _(read
37、)the novel twice.11.Wu Dong _(be)a soldier for one year.12.The students _(study)in the middle school since last month.13.How long _ you _(know)him?14.Mike _(make)quite a few friends since he came to China.15.I _(give)my friend a nice book recently.16.Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see)the old man three times
38、.17._ she ever _(teach)you English?18.These children _(stay)in the park for two hours.,30,1.A：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？B:自从我上中学以来。A：How long _ you _ _ shells?B：_ I _ to middle school.2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。I _ _ _ _ 5 hours.3.A:这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗?B:不,去年我参加过。A:Was this your _ _ _?B:No，I _ in a _ last year.4.A:你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋？B:3年
39、前。A:When did you _ your first _ _ _?B:Three years ago.5.A:他游泳有多长时间了？B:他已游了半小时了。A:How long _ he _ _?B:He _ _ _ _ half an hour.,have been collecting,Since went,have been skating for,first skating marathon,skated marathon,get pair of skates,has been swimming,has been swimming for,31,6.你上网多久了?7.我上网三小时了。
40、8.你什么时候开始集邮的？9.我五年前开始集邮的。10.他收集贝壳十年了。,How long have you been surfing the Internet?,Ive been surfing the Internet for three hours.,When did you start collecting stamps?,I started collecting stamps five years ago.,He has been collecting shells for ten years.,32,11、他一直在这条街住了近20年了。12、我打扫房间已经扫了3个小时了。13、自
41、从4岁起我就一直学英语。14、你六点起就一直在给他讲电话？15、雨下多久了？,I have been cleaning the room for three hours.,He has been living in the street for about 20 years.,Ive been studying English since I was 4 years old.,Have you been talking with him on the phone since 6:00 p.m.?,How long has it been raining?,33,1.Shes _(live)he
42、re ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _(be)in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _(come)to Hongkong ten days ago.4.Half an hour _(pass)since the train _(leave).5.Mary_(lose)her pen._ you _(see)it here and there 6._ you _(find)your watch yet 7.-Are you thirsty-No I _just _(have)some orange.8.We-
43、already _(return)the book.9._ they _(build)a new school in the village 10.I _(not finish)my homework.Can you help me 11.My father _(read)the novel twice.12.I _(buy)a book just now.13.I _(lost)my watch yesterday.14.My father _(read)this book since yesterday,34,句型转换。1、He has never surfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、T
44、hey have been here since 2000.(对划线部分提问)-have they been here?3、The old man _ last year.He for a year.(die)4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory _ _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three year
45、s.（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.(同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)_,35,1 His father died two years ago.His father _ _ _ for two years.2.He has been in
46、the army for three years._ _ three years since he _ the army.3.I began to study at this school five years ago.I _ _ at this school _ five years.4.Have you ever visited Beijing?Have you ever _ _ _?5.I am a teacher.I became a teacher five years ago.I _ _ _ _ for five years.I _ _ _ _ _ five years ago.6
47、.I bought the car five years ago.I _ _ the car for five years.7.I have borrowed a new book from the school library.I _ _ a new book from the school library for two days.8.The boy has come back.The boy _ _ _ for an hour.9.The film has begun.The film _ _ _ _ five minutes.10.The man in a hat has left.T
48、he man in a hat _ _ _ _ half an hour ago.11.Both students havent finished their homework._ _ _ finished their homework.,36,动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed 如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加d 如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：s
49、toppeddropped,动词的过去分词的规则变化,37,不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律,AAA:put put put letlet letABA:becomebecamebecomeABB:standstoodstoodABC:eat ateeaten,38,AAA,cost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形
50、和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。,39,有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcome,ABA,40,ABB(含规则动词),41,1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt
