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1、 Washington State University-2010,1,Fundamental Exam Review,TOC Thinking Processes Segment,The Theory of Constraints,jholtwsu.eduhttp:/www.engrmgt.wsu.edu/,James R.Holt,Ph.D.,PEProfessorEngineering&Technology Management,Disclaimer:The material in these slides were developed over time and represents
2、Dr.Holts personal views and approach to TOC.It is not the view of Washington State University nor TOCICO.It may be dated,incomplete or absolutely wrong.While the text and figures in this presentation are helpful to facilitate teaching and discussion of these topics,without the words that go with the
3、 slides,the presentation is not complete and may not even make sense.This material is made available in the public domain as a service.Individuals may use this material as resources to teach their own TOC review seminars as long as they give reference to the source.There is no promise nor expectatio
4、n that these materials are either necessary or sufficient to pass any of the TOCICO certification exams.Anyone using these materials should continue to study from the many other sources of excellent TOC literature available.In many cases,common knowledge is included here without reference.If you wou
5、ld like to improve any of these files,please do so.Your contribution will be included in future postings.Dr Holt.,Washington State University-2010,2,TOCICO Segmented Fundamentals Exam,Fundamentals CertificateMultiple Choice Exam(Identify,Exploit,Subordinate,Elevate,Go to Step 1),Fundamentals Certifi
6、cate of TOC Philosophy,Fundamentals Certificate of TOC Thinking Processes,FundamentalsCertificate of TOC Applications,Fundamentals Certificate of TOC Finance&Measures,Inherent PotentialInherent SimplicityInherent Win-WinFive Focusing StepsThree Questions,Conflict CloudNegative BranchAmbitious Target
7、,DBR,T,I,OEPQ Type Problem,Project Management,Replenishment,Washington State University-2010,3,Topics in TOC Thinking Process,Cause and Effect Evaporating Cloud Surfacing Assumptions Invalidating Assumptions Negative Branch Reservation Overcoming Obstacles(PRT)Categories of Legitimate Reservation La
8、yers of Resistance,Washington State University-2010,4,TOC Thinking Process Elements,Two types of Logic(in Natural Language)If,Then.In order to,There must be.Logical Causality Tools used to Answer the three questions:What to Change?What to Change to?How to Cause the Change?TOC is a Systemic Thinking
9、Process.There are a set of rules to guide and check validity.Could be called“Visual Thinking”.,Washington State University-2010,5,Everyone Can Think,Goal:Lower the Ball yet keep it attached.,Minimize:Y subject to:(X-1)2+(Y-8)2=24(X-3)2+(Y-8)2=14(X-5)2+(Y-8)2=2(X-7)2+(Y-8)2=22(X-9)2+(Y-8)2=26,X-,Y-,W
10、ashington State University-2010,6,The Real World,Washington State University-2010,7,Thinking Time,We all think!Its what we do!Our minds are like CPUs.They keep on running and running and running We feel uncomfortable if we dont have thoughts in our head.Thats why junk TV still survives.We feel uncom
11、fortable if we start thinking the wrong thoughtsThats why there are magazines in Doctors offices!,Washington State University-2010,8,Thinking Experiment,Get out a pencil and paper.Wait for the starting signal.Then,Work really hard at not thinking for One Minute!,GO!,Washington State University-2010,
12、9,QUICK!,Write down every thought you had in the last minute!Jot down a word to catch the thought you hadCapture as many as possible.,Washington State University-2010,10,How Many Thoughts did you have in 1 Minute?,0 3 6 9 12 15 18,Probable#,Number of thoughts,Washington State University-2010,11,Impr
13、oving our Mental Throughput,We need to increase our mental effectivenessWe need to tie together the stray pieces so we dont have to deal with individual thoughtsWe need to get the whole picture,solve it,and move on.,Washington State University-2010,12,What is this?,Washington State University-2010,1
14、3,Jonathans Family,Washington State University-2010,14,Thinking Process Tools,The Basic Set of Thinking Process Tools Include:Current Reality TreeEvaporating CloudFuture Reality TreeNegative Branch ReservationPre-Requisite TreeTransition TreeDerivatives Tools:Three Cloud ApproachChronic ConflictLaye
15、rs of Resistance,All of these tools are Scrutinized by the Categories of Legitimate Reservation.,Thinking Process elements included in the Fundamentals Exam,Washington State University-2010,15,For Fun!,In order to understand the function and power of the Thinking Process ToolsLets examine a Thinking
16、 Process Example.One that is fairly well known by most peopleOne that is not well solved by most peopleMarital Strife,Washington State University-2010,16,First the Approach:The Thinking Process,What to Change?Find the cause of the UnDesirableEffects-UDEs.Change(Remove)the Core Problem.,UDEs,UDEs,UDE
17、s,UDEs,UDEs,UDEs,UDEs,UDEs,Core Problem,Arrows are Logical Connections are Tail Head:“If,Then.”,Washington State University-2010,17,Find Whats Blocking the Solution,Injection that invalidates the assumption,Goal,Necessary Condition,Necessary Condition,Prerequisite,Prerequisite,What to Change To?,Arr
18、ows are Logical Connections are Head Tail:“In Order to,Must have.”,Thinking Process elements included in the Fundamentals Exam,Washington State University-2010,18,How to Cause the Change?,DE,DE,DE,DE,DE,DE,DE,DE,Key Action,Key Action,Key Action,Achieving the Solution,Washington State University-2010
19、,19,Marital Strife UnDesirable Effects,Lack of Affection,Lack of Trust,One Carries Excessive Load,Unequal Workload,Infidelity,Frequent Disagreements,Little Support,Lack of Compassion,Difference of Opinion,Washington State University-2010,20,Story-Trust,1.My spouse doesnt come home when I expect him(
20、her).This is happening more and more.The stories seem to be weaker and weaker.I want to trust my spouse.But I dont want to be hurt.,I feel good about my marriage,My spouse feels free from my bondage,I dont get hurt,I trust my spouse at all times,I dont trust my spouse,Thinking Process elements inclu
21、ded in the Fundamentals Exam,Washington State University-2010,21,Story-Support,2.My spouse is deeply involved in _.He/she expects me to support him/her by taking care of _ while he/she is gone.I dont mind doing it,but it leaves me little time for my own hobbies.,We use our time well,My spouse can do
22、 his/her own thing,I have time for myself,Give lots of support,Give little support,Thinking Process elements included in the Fundamentals Exam,Washington State University-2010,22,Story-Workload,3.My spouse is in a stressful job and at a critical point in his/her career.It seems like this“critical po
23、int”is getting longer and longer.In the mean time,I have to do my job and hold down the domestic duties too!,We both Achieve,I survive my Job,My spouse gets ahead,We balance our domestic workload,We have unequal workload,Thinking Process elements included in the Fundamentals Exam,Washington State Un
24、iversity-2010,23,Generic Conflict(a consolidated Evaporating Cloud),Happy Marriage,My Spouse is Happy,I am Happy,My spouse does what he/she wants,My spouse doesnt get what he/she wants,1.Feel Good2.Use Time Effective3.Achieve,1.Spouse freedom2.Spouse does own thing3.Spouse gets ahead,1.Im not hurt2.
25、Time for me3.I Survive,1.Trust2.Support3.Unequal work,1.Lack of Trust2.Lack of Support3.Balanced work,Thinking Process elements included in the Fundamentals Exam,Washington State University-2010,24,Core Conflict,We want a Happy Marriage,My Spouse needs to be happy,I need to be happy,There is pressur
26、e to give my spouse does what he/she wants,There is pressure not to give what he/she wants,My personal feelings are important,I not happy unless my spouse is happy,I have real needs,The things my spouse wants are important to our marriage,Our wants are different,We have different goals,I am often sl
27、ighted,Often,my spouse takes second place,What to Change?,Washington State University-2010,25,The Current Reality TreeResults of the Core Conflict,We have different goals,Excessive burdens,Different Opinions,Frequent arguments,Loss of trust,Lack of support,Lack of Affection,Infidelity,Lack of Compas
28、sion,Unequal workload,Things need to be done,Different people have different levels of importance,Time continues,Washington State University-2010,26,A Potential Future Desirale Effects(DEs),We have a close relationship,We have complete confidence,We share our burdens,We share the workload,Committed
29、to each other,We rarely disagree on important matters,We support each other,Caring Relationship,We really understand each other,Washington State University-2010,27,Starting Injection,My spouse and I share common goals,objectives and direction in the important aspects of our lives.,Washington State U
30、niversity-2010,28,Start of the Future,We want a Happy Marriage,My Spouse needs to be Happy,I need to be Happy,My personal feelings are important,I not happy unless my spouse is happy,We have common goals,objectives and direction in the important aspects of our lives.,My spouse works towards spouses
31、goals,I work toward my goals,Spouse is working to our common goals,Im working to our common goals,We are working towards our common goals/direction,Washington State University-2010,29,More Actions Needed,We are working towards our common goals/direction,We have complete confidence,We have a close re
32、lationship,We share our burdens,We rarely disagree,We really understand each other,We have a Caring Relationship,We support each other,We share the workload,?,?,?,?,?,Washington State University-2010,30,A Possible Nice Future Reality Tree,We are working towards our common goals/direction,We have com
33、plete confidence in each other,We have a close relationship,We share our burdens,We rarely disagree,We really understand each other,We have good communication,Caring Relationship,We support each other,We share the workload,We realize we need each other to reach our common goals,We make it a point to
34、 communicate(good&bad),We share a common set of moral virtues,What to Change to?,Negative Branch Reservation,Washington State University-2010,31,We have common goals,objectives and direction in the important aspects of our lives.,Im working to our common goals,My spouse works towards spouses goals,M
35、y spouses goals are achieved.,Most of my spouses goals are our common goals,Thinking Process elements included in the Fundamentals Exam,Negative Branch Reservation,Washington State University-2010,32,Im working to our common goals,My spouse works towards spouses goals,My spouses goals are achieved.,
36、Most of my spouses goals are our common goals,I am very busy,My goals take a lot of time,Im not working on my goals,I cant achieve my goals,The Good Side,The Bad Side,I work on things I value,I work on our goals AND my goals,I feel good about my progress,We have common goals,objectives and direction
37、 in the important aspects of our lives.,Thinking Process elements included in the Fundamentals Exam,Washington State University-2010,33,OK,Injections,But HOW?How to Cause the Change?,We have common goals,objectives and direction in the important aspects of our lives.,My spouse works towards spouses
38、goals,I work toward my goals,We realize we need each other to reach our common goals,We make it a point to communicate(good&bad),We share a common set of moral virtues,Create the PreRequisite Tree(Ambitious Target Tree).,Practice on this Injection,I finally prioritize my life,Washington State Univer
39、sity-2010,We share a common set of moral virtues,Obstacles Preventing,Intermediate Objectives,Its a gray world out there.(I cant tell right from wrong)We dont want to change.Values change according to the circumstances.We have different backgrounds.Our desires differ.We both enjoy some moral indiscr
40、etions.,Thinking Process elements included in the Fundamentals Exam,34,Washington State University-2010,35,We share a common set of moral virtues,Obstacles Preventing,Intermediate Objectives,We agree on common virtuesWe are willing to work on thisWe agree on a common virtuesWe really know each other
41、We share a set of common goalsWe live our set of virtues in all cases,Its a gray world(cant tell right from wrong)We dont want to changeValues change according to the circumstancesWe have different backgroundsOur desires differWe both enjoy some moral indiscretions,Thinking Process elements included
42、 in the Fundamentals Exam,Washington State University-2010,36,Sequencing the solution(Structure of the PRT),We recognize our own frailties,We dont want to admit error,We really communicate,We subordinate ourselves to each other,We really know each other,We share a set of common goals,We agree on a c
43、ommon virtues,We live our set of virtues in all cases,We share a common set of moral virtues,Our desires differ,Its hard to tell right from wrong,We enjoy our indiscretions,We dont talk much,We are different,We dont know each other,Thinking Process elements included in the Fundamentals Exam,Washingt
44、on State University-2010,37,Putting the Intermediate Objectives Into Place,The PreRequisite Tree exposed the Intermediate Objectives(Milestones)needed for“How to Cause the Change?”But,How to We actually Get there?How will,We Really Communicate?For this,the Transition Tree gives the Step-by-Step Appr
45、oach to getting there.,We recognize our own frailties,We dont want to admit error,We really communicate,We subordinate ourselves to each other,We dont talk much,Washington State University-2010,38,Working Upwards on a Transition Tree,We recognize our own frailties,We dont want to admit error,We real
46、ly communicate,We subordinate ourselves to each other,We dont talk much,We recognize(more and more of)our own frailties,People rarely respect people who make a lot of mistakes,We want others to respect us,We are mortal,There are(and should be)few secrets between spouses,We,each of us,try to hide our
47、 mistakes,Spouses can be a significant help and support for dealing with problems,Mistakes are inevitable,We generally know about each others mistakes that we try to hide,We want to improve,We,each,admit(confidentially)to some of our problems that we wish to eliminate,Washington State University-201
48、0,39,Working Upwards on a Transition Tree,We recognize our own frailties,We dont want to admit error,We really communicate,We subordinate ourselves to each other,We dont talk much,We subordinate ourselves(more and more)to each other,We desire to love each other even more than we do now,We Loved each
49、 other in the past,We both have made some mistakes,We are willing to do some things that show love to our spouse,We need to resolve some problems on both sides,Real love comes from sacrificing self for the benefit of others.,Our marriage has some strife caused by each of us.,We need cooperation(give
50、 and and take)from both sides,We want to improve,We,each,accept we will do more things for each other than we are currently doing,Mistakes are inevitable,It is easier to love when loved.,Washington State University-2010,40,Working Upwards on a Transition Tree,We recognize our own frailties,We dont w
