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1、I was extremely close with my mother all my life.She was a brilliant educator,writer and wonderful woman.Sadly,she developed complications related to diabetes.When she lost her eyesight and most of,of her ability to walk,it was absolutely horrifying for me.She passed away from a fall seven or eight
2、years ago.At her funeral,I swore that one day Id do something about conditions like hers.,D R _ Text 1,HUMAN CLONING:A SCIENTISTS STORY,Dr.Samuel Wood via interview,Years passed and I read about the work the South Koreans had done with stem cells.In 2004 and 2005 Hwang Woo-Suk fraudulently reported
3、that he had succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning.Back then it wasnt known it was a fraud,so it was very exciting to think that a long list of diseases could be treated.I founded the stem cell research company Stemagen with another gentleman whose father had died of ALS.We went
4、 out for drinks one night and we started talking about our parents.We wanted to do something that would be a legacy for them.,D R _ Text 2,For Better Or Worse?,D R _ Text 3,The moment we decided to start Stemagen,I read all there was to read about the various cloning efforts in the past.The cloned s
5、heep Dolly in 1997 was,very interesting,but at that stage people were not focusing on the stem cell aspect of cloning;they were focusing on the reproductive possibilities of cloning.,Human reproductive cloning is just simply wrong ethically from a medical standpoint and a scientific standpoint,even
6、ignoring any religious issues associated with it.The reason is that the majority of reproductive clones in other species are actually abnormal,with very high miscarriage rates,very high stillbirth rates,fetal anomalies,death soon after birth,et cetera.It would just be absolutely wrong to take a huma
7、n being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end.Even though people could take the techniques that weve developed and attempt to do it(or perhaps even be successful doing it),we hope that they would not.,D R _ Text 4,On the other hand,therapeutic clonin
8、g does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in real human beings who are going through some awful things.Im a pure scientist in some ways,and I know that many different studies or findings could be used for evil.Our job as
9、scientists is to make the most of this technology and make it available to the greatest number of other scientists who can help us do good things with it.Theres really no effective way for an individual scientist to stop someone else from using the knowledge for something they shouldnt.,D R _ Text 5
10、,We need to be honest about the techniques that we used.They need to be able to be replicated by other people,and so,we are providing a roadmap.I would hope that the legislation thats in place and the great public disapproval that would result from any attempt to clone a human would dissuade anyone
11、from going down that path.What is it they say?There is no technology that hasnt been used for some evil purpose at some point.Quite honestly I do think that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning.I do think its inevitable,and its virtually impossible to legislate that away.,D R _ Text 6,I a
12、m spoken of as the first man to“clone himself.”There are different types of cloning.At the cellular level,yes,its true I am the first man to clone himself.We thought a great deal about how to deal,with the issue of whose cells we should use and whether we should let the world and the scientific comm
13、unity know who the first cellular clone was.In the end we decided that we wanted to put a human face on cloning.,D R _ Text 7,Claim to Fame,I didnt anticipate it would create the firestorm of controversy that its created,but Im still glad we went down that path.We received thousands of e-mails and p
14、hone calls from people who need help.I think by coming forward and putting a face to it we made it very real,and now people around the world know that cloning is here.I believe that very soon it will be used therapeutically,so I think our purpose was served.Pure Science What happens is an informed a
15、nd consenting woman donates an egg and we remove her genetic material from the egg.Then we place a single skin cell inside that egg.,D R _ Text 8,What were really interested in is creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.The procedure of taking cells from a person takes no more
16、than a minute or two.You can take some skin cells from the arm,for example,and in one to two minutes,you can get the cells that you need to carry out this process.This process enables us to study the causes of specific diseases,such as Alzheimers Disease,ALS or Parkinsons Disease,and then research a
17、 variety of treatments for these diseases.If the stem cell lines are created for any given individual and are later transplanted back into the individual,they will not be rejected by the individual.,D R _ Text 9,D R _ Text 10,Sweet Success,I always thought that when our research was successful I wou
18、ld just be pleased that we had accomplished this when others had not.In reality,it is transcendent,transcendent when you look through the microscope,you see what you may have looked like a long time ago,at least in part.,When I looked down and saw that cloned blastocyst,it brought tears to my eyes.I
19、 had done this for my mother,and I realized,had she only been able to live a few years longer,maybe we could have used this technology to help her.It was emotional to see that potential,which she never had a chance to experience.Theres a big misconception out there that we decided to destroy these e
20、mbryos for some reason.There was so much skepticism about this process because of the scientific fraud from the past that it was critical that there be no doubt that they were clones.,D R _ Text 11,D R _ Text 12,In the process of analysis,the embryos were destroyed by necessity.In other words,to get
21、 the genetic material from inside the cells to analyze it,you have to destroy the cell.We would have loved to have been able to avoid destroying them.Now were working full-time on creating stem cell lines,and people are watching with great interest.The Pope And The President There are a variety of o
22、pponents to our work.,D R _ Text 13,We were condemned by the Vatican and mentioned in a negative light in President Bushs State of the Union address.In a sense its an honor because it shows that were doing,doing something significant.Its not every day that you get condemned by the Vatican and Presid
23、ent Bush in the same week.Theres usually no dialogue between the researchers in the embryonic stem cell field and those who oppose it.,D R _ Text 14,It doesnt make sense to me that its such an emotional and contentious topic.Logically,this is not life.I agree its a potential life,but the vast majori
24、ty of embryos never become life.The majority generate,dont implant and die.A fetus is a life.That argument makes sense to me,but it doesnt make sense to me to look at an embryo in a lab and give it all the rights of a human life.,D R _ Sentence 2 _ Sadly,she,不幸的是，她患上了糖尿病引起的并发症。当她丧失视力和大部分行走能力时，我惊恐万状。
25、,1.What does“complications”specifically refer to?,It refers to the diseases derived from diabetes,like the loss of eyesight and being unable to move.,Sadly,she developed complications related to diabetes.When she lost her eyesight and most of her ability to walk,it was absolutely horrifying for me.,
26、2.Translate these sentences into Chinese.,D R _ Sentence 2 _ I founded the stem cell,What is in common between the two founders?,They both lost their parent to a terrible disease.,I founded the stem cell research company Stemagen with another gentleman whose father had died of ALS.,D R _ Sentence 3
27、_ It would just be,It would just be absolutely wrong to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end.,1.What is the real subject of the sentence?,“to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for
28、really no good end”.,2.What is Dr.Wood talking about?,Hes talking about the terrible aspects of reproductive cloning.,D R _ On the other hand,1.What are“some awful things”?,Terrible pain generated by diseases.,On the other hand,therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and
29、actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in real human beings who are going through some awful things.,2.What is Dr.Woods attitude towards therapeutic cloning?,He holds a positive attitude towards it.,D R _ Sentence 7 _ Theres really no effective,Theres really no effective
30、way for an individual scientist to stop someone else from using the knowledge for something they shouldnt.,1.What does“something they shouldnt”mean?,It means human reproductive cloning.,2.According to Dr.Wood,is it possible to stop human reproductive cloning?,No.He honestly thinks that someone will
31、attempt human reproductive cloning and there is no way to stop it.,D R _ Sentence 8 _ I would hope that the,1.Paraphrase“legislation thats in place”.,Appropriate legislation.,I would hope that the legislation thats in place and the great public disapproval that would result from any attempt to clone
32、 a human would dissuade anyone from going down that path.,2.What is the public against?,The public is against the attempt to clone a human.,D R _ Sentence 8 _ In the end we decided that,1.Paraphrase the sentence.,In the end we decided that we wanted to put a human face on cloning.,At last we decided
33、 that we wanted to associate cloning with a specific person so as to make it very real.,2.Why did Dr.Wood and his research group put a human face on cloning?,Because by doing so,they could make cloning very real so that people around the world know that cloning is coming along.,D R _ Sentence 9 _ Wh
34、en I looked down and,1.How did Dr.Wood feel at that time?,When I looked down and saw that cloned blastocyst,it brought tears to my eyes.,He felt very excited and emotional.,2.Why did the sight of the cloned blastocyst bring tears to his eyes?,Because the research was done for his mother,and he reali
35、zed that if she had only been able to live a few years longer,maybe they could have used this technology to help her.,D R _ Sentence 9 _ We would have loved,We would have loved to have been able to avoid destroying them.,1.Whats the grammatical feature of this sentence?,The subjunctive mood.,2.How d
36、id Dr.Wood think about destroying them?,He thought it was a pity.,D R _ Sentence 9 _ It doesnt make sense,It doesnt make sense to me that its such an emotional and contentious topic.,1.Do people already have an agreement on this topic?,No.Its still disputable.,2.Why does Dr.Wood argue that it doesnt
37、 make sense to make their work an emotional and contentious topic?,Because he thinks that logically.According to him,an embryo is not life,although it is a potential life.The vast majority of embryos never become life they just generate,dont implant and die.,Many cars look alike because their makers
38、 cloned their competitors designs.,D R _ word _ clone,clone:,1.n.a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual by some kind of asexual reproduction,Researchers produced clones from adult mice in 1998.,2.v.make multiple identical copies of,The debate con
39、tinues over whether it is ethically right to clone a human embryo.,D R _ word _ brilliant 1,brilliant:adj.of surpassing excellence,He has got brilliant achievements in the field of physics.,她很有才华，但工作缺乏条理。,She is brilliant but her work lacks organization.,D R _ word _ brilliant 2,bright,clever&brilli
40、ant这三个词都是形容词，都有“聪明的”、“才思敏捷的”之意。bright是普通用语，多指年轻人或小孩，常用于口语，书写语言不宜多用。强调理解力强，思维非常活 跃，谈话与态度也活泼生动。例如：,CF:,I have among my students a number of very bright youngsters.,我的学生当中有许多十分聪明的孩子。,D R _ word _ brilliant 3,clever 更强调天生的聪颖，有较高的理解力、思维敏 捷、思路灵活，接受新东西快，但不强调理解 得深刻全面。这个词也指灵活的双手与矫健的 身躯。例如：,CF:,It was clever
41、of you to think of that.,你想到了那一点，真聪明。,brilliant 指才华出众，超乎寻常的聪明，能解决各种 复杂问题且游刃有余，获得普遍赞赏。例如：,All his colleagues consider him a brilliant surgeon.,他的同行都认为他是一位杰出的外科医生。,D R _ word _ complication,1)any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of(or because of)another disease,Complications set in,an
42、d the patient died.,complication:n.,2)the act or process of complicating,The car ran out petrol,and as a further complication,I had no money!,更麻烦的是他不肯坐飞机旅行。,A further complication was his refusal to travel by air.,D R _ word _ fraud 1,1)intentional deception resulting in injury to another person,fra
43、ud:n.,He combed through the files searching for evidence of fraud.,2)a person who makes deceitful pretenses,Thousands of credit card frauds are committed every year.,He said he was an insurance salesman,but later she discovered he was a fraud.,deception,fraud&trickery这三个词都是名词，都有“欺骗”之意。deception frau
44、d trickery,D R _ word _ fraud 2,应用范围极广，可指从小到大的多种欺骗行为。语气最温和时，它指必要的危害不大的欺骗行为。它最令人反感的意思是指为了私利而行骗。常指“复杂的、非个人的，对来者或一般公众的欺骗行为”，着重指官方的欺骗行为或财政舞弊。“fraud”有时也用于认为无用东西的夸张描写。在语气上比“deception”更严厉，用于个人或公众的行为，指以有步骤的诡计来追求私利或达成目的。,CF:,D R _ word _ fraud 3,Fill in the blanks with the words above.Change the form where n
45、ecessary.,1.2.3.4.5.,A land development bankrupted a dozen of elderly couples.It was an innocent,meant as a joke.She referred to the pills as sweets,a harmless that made it easier to administer them to the child.The film was a total.They practiced on their fair-weather friends in order to seem riche
46、r and more famous than they were.,fraud,_,deception,_,deception,_,fraud,_,trickery,_,deception,fraud&trickery,CF:,D R _ word _ focus on,focus on:center upon,He has given up running in order to focus on the long jump.,我们将集中讨论自由和必要性之间的关系这一问题。,Were going to focus on the relationship between freedom and
47、 necessity.,D R _ word _ standpoint,standpoint:n.a mental position from which things are viewed,Lets look at this from a historical standpoint.,Has the matter been viewed from the taxpayers standpoint?,D R _ word _ issue 1,issue:n.point in question,important topic for discussion,Dont worry about who
48、 will do it thats just a side issue.,我们之间毫无问题。,There was no issue at all between us.,D R _ word _ issue 2,problem,question&issue这三个词都是名词，都有“问题”之意。problem 是客观存在的等待解决的问题，着重困难，有 时指要求解答的题目。例如：,CF:,How to exploit the natural resources of our country is a complicated problem.,如何开发我国的自然资源是一个复杂的问题。,question
49、 是对某事怀疑因而提出等待“回答”的问题，着重疑惑和不能断定。例如：,Which way is better still remains an open question.,哪个办法好仍是一个未能肯定的问题。,D R _ word _ issue 3,issue 是指意见不能达成一致的“问题”，着重分歧和 争端。例如：,CF:,Can you distinguish the major issues from the minor ones?,你能把主要问题和次要问题区分开来吗？,Collocation：,提出争论点/问题,bring up/raise an issue,处理问题,address
50、 an issue,解决争端,settle an issue,紧要问题,a burning issue,枝节问题,a side issue,D R _ word _ tremendous 1,tremendous:adj.,1)very great,immense,她工作起来干劲十足。,She does her work with tremendous vigor.,She rose above her difficulties and became a tremendous success.,2)(infml)very good,We went to a tremendous party l
