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1、Human-Machine Interface Design,Usability Design,1、硬件界面2、人机交互回顾和总结3、社会用户界面 SUI4、网络用户界面 Net User Interface 5、智能网络界面6、基于因特网的多通道用户界面研究7、方向把握,Usability is a quality attribute that assesses how easy user interfaces are to use.The word usability also refers to methods for improving ease-of-use during the d
2、esign process.,What,Learnability:How easy is it for users to accomplish basic tasks the first time they encounter the design?Efficiency:Once users have learned the design,how quickly can they perform tasks?Memorability:When users return to the design after a period of not using it,how easily can the
3、y reestablish proficiency?Errors:How many errors do users make,how severe are these errors,and how easily can they recover from the errors?Satisfaction:How pleasant is it to use the design?,Usability has five quality components:,用户能够快速开始应用某些操作,无须借助于帮助系统,产品应易于学习,易学性,Learnability,一旦用户学会使用,则可以进行高效率的生产,
4、用户能够以最小的支出进行工作,效率性,Efficiency,用户可以再次应用系统，而不需要,重新学习系统,操作应易于记忆性,一致性,Memorability,或者，允许用户改正错误,绝对避免毁灭性错误,系统应该能够阻止用户的错误,容错性,Errors,用户对系统，,以及系统完成任务的结果感到满意,使用产品时，用户应该是愉悦的,满意性,Satisfaction,On the Web,usability is a necessary condition for survival.If a website is difficult to use,people leave.If the homepag
5、e fails to clearly state what a company offers and what users can do on the site,people leave.If users get lost on a website,they leave.If a websites information is hard to read or doesnt answer users key questions,they leave.,Why,The first law of e-commerce is that if users cannot find the product,
6、they cannot buy it either.For intranets,usability is a matter of employee productivity.Time users waste being lost on your intranet or pondering difficult instructions is money you waste by paying them to be at work without getting work done.,How,There are many methods for studying usability,but the
7、 most basic and useful is user testing:Get hold of some representative users,such as customers for an e-commerce site or employees for an intranet.Ask the users(usually 5)to perform representative tasks with the design.Observe what the users do,where they succeed,and where they have difficulties wit
8、h the user interface.Shut up and let the users do the talking.,When,Usability plays a role in each stage of the design process.Here are the main steps for multiple studies:Before starting the new design,test the old design to identify the good parts that you should keep or emphasize,and the bad part
9、s that give users trouble.Unless youre working on an intranet,test your competitors designs to get cheap data on a range of alternative interfaces that have similar features to your own.(If you work on an intranet,read the intranet design annuals to learn from other designs.)Conduct a field study to
10、 see how users behave in their natural habitat.,Make paper prototypes of one or more new design ideas and test them.The less time you invest in these design ideas the better,because youll need to change them all based on the test results.Refine the design ideas that test best through multiple iterat
11、ions,gradually moving from low-fidelity prototyping to high-fidelity representations that run on the computer.Test each iteration.Inspect the design relative to established usability guidelines,whether from your own earlier studies or published research.Once you decide on and implement the final des
12、ign,test it again.Subtle usability problems always creep in during implementation.,When,If you run at least one user study per week,its worth building a dedicated usability laboratory.For most companies,however,its fine to conduct tests in a conference room or an office-as long as you can close the
13、door to keep out distractions.,Usability Test,用户人数,使用性问题的百分比,效率：一次使用性测试中出现的设计问题百分比,网站测试,人员选择：专业组，业余组人数：每次3个，多测几次实验室：计算机、摄像机、监控设备、三角架观察员：记录员：,Aaron Marcus设计的方形和圆形对话框,（a）为美国女性设计的对话框；（b）为欧洲男性知识分子设计的对话框,？,少花1小时用于用户培训可以产生1个多小时的高效工作并至少节约1小时的指导费用Jakob Nielsen,节约培训成本,Advantages:,据估计，在美国为计算机软件提供的每一次电话支持的成本为12至25 Cent,减少电话支持,Advantages:,
