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1、UCP 600及信用证案例研讨,2006年12月4日上海 Notes:马申/国际结算部/总行/BOCTel:01066591189 13641280532,参训希望,认真思考积极提问勇敢表达虚心听讲收获总结遵守纪律,2006-10-25 ICC-UCP的第6次修改版本-UCP600,孙磊陪同张行长参加了巴黎会议.调查:看过500,ISBP,600课程安排内容丰富:600 专题研究和串讲,ICC OP,我行纠纷案例(总/分行),大宗货物LC,特点:注重实务,Art.1-UCP的适用,The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits,
2、2007 Revision,ICC Publication no.600(UCP)are rules that apply to any documentary credit(credit)(including,to the extent to which they may be applicable,any standby letter of credit)when the text of the credit expressly indicates that it is subject to these rules.They are binding on all parties there
3、to unless expressly modified or excluded by the credit.,ART.2 定义申请人,Applicant means the party on whose request the credit is issued.是否需要信用证的契约关系Applicant BankTA563申请人数目是否有限制（不分运,11个）,ART.2 定义,开证行、保兑行、指定行是否必须为银行？(是否使用PARTIES 或BANK27:9 最终版本用BANK。)非银行开证？-竞争的趋势TA537 非银行开证(通知形式)银行经营信用证业务的资格中银香港 和江苏VS Slo
4、vak-DRUZSTVO NORTH EUROPEAN CREDIT UNION,Bank or Parties 27:9:1no,ART.2 定义 Complying presentation相符交单,A presentation that is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit,the applicable provisions of these rules and international standard banking practiceGary Collyer:Reference in sub-Art
5、.14(a)to international standard banking practice is wider than the content of ICC Publication No.645,ART.2 定义-confirmation保兑,A definite undertaking of the confirming bank,in addition to that of the issuing bank,to honour or negotiate a complying presentationDefinite vs IrrevocableWithout recourseCon
6、firming bankupon the issuing banks authorization or request,ART.2 定义-Honour承付,a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight paymentb.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred paymentc.to accept a bill of exchange(draft)drawn by the ben
7、eficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance,ART.2 定义negotiation议付,The purchase by the nominated bank of drafts(drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank)and/or documents under a complying presentation,by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or be
8、fore the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the nominated bank.Gary Collyer:“nego may be effected at any point up until issuing bank fulfils its obligation to reimburse on due date.”,议付是否作为一种结算方式-3:1赞同保留,ART.2 定义nominated bank指定行,Nominated bank means the bank with which the credit is avail
9、able or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank.以下哪些是指定行？Paying bank,negotiating bank,accepting bank advising bank,reimbursing bank,Transferring bank,claiming bank，issuing bank,Art.2定义-Presentation交单,Either the delivery of documents under a credit to the issuing bank or nominated ba
10、nk or the documents so delivered.投邮/收到?-Deliver(Longman):to send(something aimed or guided)to intended place,ART 3.解释,Where applicable,words in the singular include the plural and in the plural include the singular(单复数相互包含)ISP1.11CBranches of a bank in different countries are considered to be separa
11、te banks.(500-2:another bank,Hongkong),ART 3.解释,“from”shipment:incl./maturity:excl.“after”shipment/maturity:excl.Maturity:at xxx days sight(见单:收单次日起算?接受单据时起算?)ISBP48:单据相符或不符但未拒付自收单日起算,单据不符且拒付但后又同意付款的,自承兑日起算.讨论:ISBP-Rev.the date of the notice of refusal,ART.4 信用证与合同,可操作性的典范:b.An issuing bank should d
12、iscourage any attempt by the applicant to include,as an integral part of the credit,copies of the underlying contract,proforma invoice and the like.,UCP500-ART.5,:a.Instruction for the issuance of a credit,the credit itself,instructions for an amendment thereto,and the amendment itself,must be compl
13、ete and precise.In order to guard against confusion and misunderstanding,banks should discourage any attempt:i.to include excessive detail in the credit or in any amendment thereto;ii.(similar credit),ART.5 单据与货物、服务或履约行为,Banks(500-4b:In credit operations all parties)concerned deal with documents,and
14、 not with goods,services or performance to which the documents may relate.理由：受益人和申请人不负责处理货物？货物发运和查收与信用证支付流程无关？讨论：怀疑提单显示的船只航程，如何处理？,ART.6 兑用方式、截止日和交单地点,a.A credit must state the bank with which it is available or whether it is available with any bank.A credit available with a nominated bank is also a
15、vailable with the issuing bank.TA519rev.限制议付信用证项下受益人单据径交开证行.(包括转让)ICC结论:开证行有权在付前寻求某种确认:联系其指定行以确定没有与其直接收到单据相冲突的其它支款行为;自由议付LC-应要求受益人提交通知行的原始信用证通知,检查其背书记录.开证行在没有向指定行核实信用证状况的情况下就直接承付,会面临不得不再次承付从指定行处提交的另一套相符单据的风险.,ART.6 兑用方式、截止日和交单地点,c.A credit must not be issued available by a draft drawn on the applica
16、nt.讨论:信用证要求提供以申请人为付款人的汇票,该票是否需审核?如是,按照什么标准审核(ISBP中的汇票规定)?,Art.6-申请人为付款人的汇票,500-9.b.iv:A credit should not be issued available by draft(s)on the applicant.If the credit nevertheless calls for Draft(s)on the Applicant,banks will consider such Draft(s)as an additional document(s)(ISBP52 Rev.:The draft
17、must be drawn on the party stated in the credit.54Rev.：credits may be issued requiring a draft drawn on the applicant,but must not be issued available by drafts drawn on the applicant.),DCIN:许多银行坚信这样他们承兑和付款责任能直接落在申请人头上.,ART.6 交单地,d.ii.The place of the bank with which the credit is available is the p
18、lace for presentation.The place for presentation under a credit available with any bank is that of any bank.A place for presentation other than that of the issuing bank is in addition to the place of the issuing bank.,UCP500-42A有效地,All credits must stipulate an expiry date and a place for presentati
19、on of documents for payment,acceptance,or with the exception of freely negotiable credits,a place for presentation of documents for negotiation.,SWIFT 31D 与41A的匹配SR2007变化:31D场的定义(征求意见稿)-必选项,this field specifies the latest date for presentation under the documentary credit and the place where documen
20、ts may be presented,in addition to the place of the issuing bank indicated in field 41aFor credits that are only available with the issuing bank,the place of the issuing bank must be repeated in subfield“place”of field 31d,ART.6 交单地,讨论:1.L/C available by nego with xxx(benes bank),Place for presentat
21、ion:issuing bank2.L/C available by payment with issuing bank,Place for presentation:xxx(benes country)3.L/C:available by nego with ABC bank,China Place for presentation:China.Presenting bank:XYZ bank,China,ART.7开证行责任,细分(500-9a的笼统)a.Available with the issuing bankAvailable with a nominated bank and n
22、ominated bank does not pay,or accept/incur dp undertaking,or pay at maturity,or negotiate,ART.7开证行责任,b.An issuing bank is irrevocably bound to honour as of the time it issues the credit.(500-9.d.ii)the issuing bank shall be irrevocably bound by an amendment(s)issued by it from the time of the issuan
23、ce of such amendment(s)讨论:进口开证的考验在信用证通知到受益人之前的更正,ART.7开证行义务-最引人注目的变化(与500-14.a.I相比),c.An issuing bank undertakes to reimburse a nominated bank that has honoured or negotiated a complying presentation and forwarded the documents to the issuing bank.Reimbursement for the amount of a complying presenta
24、tion under a credit available by acceptance or deferred payment is due at maturity,whether or not the nominated bank prepaid or purchased before maturity.An issuing banks undertaking to reimburse a nominated bank is independent of the issuing bank undertaking to the beneficiary.,ART.7开证行责任-最引人注目的变化(
25、与500-14.a.I相比),ICC 理解:在到期日前支付给受益人的情况下,保护远期信用证下的指定行,TA533rev-PYT without presentation of acceptance test cert when claim for payment fell after period specified in credit,LC:10%of the contract amount shall be paid against draft,invoice and acceptance test certificate issued by the applicant.However,p
26、ayment shall be effected against invoice and draft only within 7 months after b/l date without acceptance test cert.,TA533rev.-ICC结论,条款似乎不妥，这否定了(negate)受益人需要取得验收测试证书的需要。这样的条款迫使开证行承担单证相符的支付责任，自装船日后次日起至提单日后7个月内随时付款。由于信用证开立不正确，10尾款的索汇必须在提单日后7个月内提交，过此日期将视为不符点。,TA592-whether bal.available under a credit
27、was reduced by value of a presentation that was refused,开证行要求欧洲的银行保兑 电索3个工作日支付.保兑行支款后单寄开证行拒付,保兑行还款并要求开证行确认未付余额为原证金额.开证行认为余额是原额与已付款之差ICC结论:如单据被开证行拒付并退回交单人,无论议付行是否曾取得偿付并随后还款给开证行,信用证保持交单前余额,在到期前均可使用.,ART.8保兑行责任,Honour/Reimburse与开证行类似The confirming bank must:negotiate without recourse,if the credit is a
28、vailable by negotiation with the confirming bank.(500-9b.iv,只要是议付证,无指定行的限制条件)讨论:议付信用证若我行为指定行,可否加保?,ART.8保兑行责任,与500-9.c.i相同的条款,不保即告!讨论:由受益人付费的保兑是否需征求其意见?尤其是49场:may confirm开证行金融机构授信额度不足时是否立即对外拒保?我行未决定保兑与否期间如何处理?最长的等待时间?,TA530-办理了两次分批付款是否意味保兑行接受单据并应承担最后一批付款责任?,ICC结论:保兑行在已拒付单据并向开证行请求批准后,应在其发给指定行的拒付通知中表明
29、其对于在开证行同意接受单据时是否付款的立场.保兑行在分批付款的首次付款时没有声明该付款以其收到款项为前提,表明其同意在规定的到期日承付.在没收到任何预先通知的情况下,指定行在收到前两批付款通知后有权利相信,尽管单证不符,保兑行仍愿意继续承担其保兑责任.,TA524-如收到的信用证通知行或其它指定行未加保,受益人应采取的步骤,开证行I、转递行/延付行A、通知行/交单行B,不保通知受益人,B/L后60天.单证相符,I不承付.邮递确认I收单.几个月催后I要求B付款展期(进口国金融危机)受益人条件:A行偿付承诺,无.到期仅付15%ICC结论:开证行延迟付款请求-各方应事先商定具体的付款日期(受益人同意
30、部分先付,余款分批支付.,TA524-ICC结论,在同意延付/支付安排前-受益人应寻求其它方式的保证,包括取得愿承担开证行风险的另一银行出具的偿付保证或担保函.收到无通知行或其它指定行加保的信用证时，受益人应该仔细考虑在证下此行为的可能含义（possible implication）。除了审查信用证表面真实性并递交受益人外，通知行没有任何责任。,ART.9 信用证及修改的通知,a.An advising bank that is not a confirming bank advises the credit and any amendment without any undertaking
31、to honour or negotiate(500-7a:without engagement on the part of the advising bank),ART.9 信用证及修改的通知,b.By advising the credit or amendment,the advising bank signifies that it has satisfied itself as to the apparent authenticity of the credit or amendment and that the advice accurately reflects the ter
32、ms and conditions of the credit or amendment received.(500-7.a the advising bank shall take reasonable care to check the apprent authenticity of the credit which it advises.),ART.9 信用证及修改的通知,讨论:出口来证的表面完整性或混乱不清是否需向客户提示?基本规定暂不生效条款来证中的偿付条款或付款路径可否屏蔽后给客户?客户关心开证行的资信,如何处理?,ART.9 信用证及修改的通知-第二通知行,c.An advisi
33、ng bank may utilize the services of another bank(second advising bank)to advise the credit and any amendment to the beneficiary.讨论:MT700中57场已显示advise through bank 非我行,如何处理?如果我们直接向受益人做通知,要承担什么责任?,ART.10 修改:争论太大,结果是保持原状,Position Paper 1 内容作为UCP条款:A bank that advises an amendment should inform the bank
34、 from which it received the amendment of any notification of acceptance or rejection.A provision in an amendment to the effect that the amendment shall enter into force unless rejected by the beneficiary within a certain time shall be disregarded.广东的独家秘方-开证条款,ART.12 指定-开证行授权指定行融资,b.By nominating a b
35、ank to accept a draft or incur a deferred payment undertaking,an issuing bank authorize that nominated bank to prepay or purchase a draft accepted or a deferred payment undertaking incurred by the nominated bank.(500-10d:仅提偿付，开证行对承兑、延付行进行到期前融资所应承担的责任不清）,ART.12 指定,与ART.7/8“开证行/保兑行偿付指定行的责任独立于其对受益人的责任”
36、相联系讨论:议付信用证与即期付款信用证、延期付款信用证、承兑信用证远期议付信用证作为开证行的风险作为指定行的问题,中国司法解释-第10条,欺诈例外的例外:开证行的指定人、授权人已按照开证行的指令善意地进行了付款；开证行的指定人、授权人已对信用证项下票据善意地作出了承兑；保兑行善意地履行了付款义务；议付行善意地进行了议付。,Art.13银行间偿付安排,a.If a credit states that reimbursement is to be obtained by a nominated bank(“claiming bank”)claiming on another party(“rei
37、mbursing bank”),the credit must state if the reimbursement is subject to the ICC rules for bank-to-bank reimbursements in effect on the date of issuance of the credit.(525-1:开证行有责任在信用证中注明索偿要求受本规则约束）讨论:电索/偿付条款开证中(40E场)明示?,Art.13银行间偿付安排,b.i信用证未说明按URR:An issuing bank must provide a reimbursing bank wit
38、h a reimbursement authorization that conforms with the availability stated in the credit.The reimbursement authorization should not be subject to expiry date.(500-19a:in good time 525-7)c.An issuing bank is not relieved of any of its obligation to provide reimbursement if reimbursement is not made b
39、y a reimbursing bank on first demand.(500-19c),ART.14 审单标准:谁须审,a.A nominated bank acting on its nomination,a confirming bank,if any,and the issuing bank must examine a presentation to determine,on the basis of the documents alone,whether or not the documents appear on their face to constitute a comp
40、lying presentation.(500-13a:banks must),On their face:500多次出现,25:12取消.结果:法院先例只保留一处在一般性协议中,ART.14 审单标准,讨论:作为交单行是否必须审单?付款/承兑行但未履行指定行责任是否必须审单?客户/交单行在其交单委托书/面函上明示“不需审单”,如何处理?,ART.14 审单标准:期限,b.A nominated bank acting on its nomination,a confirming bank,if any,and the issuing bank shall each have a maximu
41、m of five banking days following the day of presentation to determine if a presentation is complying.This period is not curtailed or otherwise affected by the occurrence on or after the date of presentation of any expiry date or last day for presentation.(讨论过程:6d-safe harbour-reasonable time),Reason
42、able time:5d15,6d9,7d10,ART.14 审单标准,(500-13b:have a reasonable time,not to exceed seven banking days)TA556:自由议付信用证,汇票见单后120天付款,议付行全额无追索议付.开证行承兑过后告知议付行申请人因货物质量问题申请止付,询是否已融资.议付行答交易无可怀疑,单证严格相符.法院止付令下达.,TA556-ICC 结论,如银行已议付,即收到止付令通知前已经支付对价(必要时能证明),合理审慎审核单据,善意接受单据且此时对任何欺诈并不知晓,就应受到当地法律保护而不受止付令禁止开证行支付的影响.开证
43、行面临以上情形,应尽力抵制此止付令,以维护其LC和UCP不受侵犯,交易受当地法律优先管辖.,ART.14 审单标准:交单期限,c.A presentation including one or more original transport documents subject to art.19,20,21 must be made by or on behalf of the beneficiary not later than 21 calendar days after the date of shipment as described in these rules,but in any
44、 event not later than the expiry date of the credit.(500-43a.每个要求提交运输单据的信用证),ART.14 审单标准:不冲突,d.Data in a document,when read in context with the credit,the document itself and international standard banking practice,need not be identical to,but must not conflict with,data in that document,any other s
45、tipulated document or the credit.e.In documents other than the commercial invoice,the description of the goods,services or performance,if stated,may be in general terms not conflicting with their description in the credit.,不一致数据:39现在的概念,4家不需要银行审核单据间的数据,ART.14 审单标准,(500-13/14:“in compliance with”500-
46、37c ISBP24:“inconsistent”),ART.14 审单标准:标题VS功能,f.If a credit requires presentation of a document other than a transport document,insurance document or commercial invoice,without stipulating by whom the document is to be issued or its data content,banks will accept the document as presented if its con
47、tent appears to fulfill the function of the required document and otherwise complies with sub-article 14(d),ART.14 审单标准:标题VS功能,(500-21:data content is not inconsistent with any other stipulated document presented.ISBP43:documents may be titled as called for in the credit,bear a similar title,or be u
48、ntitledThe content of a document must appear to fulfill the function of the required document.),TA594 单据标题不同是否构成不符点,银行是否负责翻译公司章含义,-拒付理由:docs are different with different titles 1.LC:Shipment Confirmation/Doc:Approval of Shipment2.LC:Benes certified copy of Fax/Telex doc:Benes Certificate 说明向申请人发电通知证
49、号、船名、装运日、货名、数量,TA594-ICC结论:shipment confirmation,1.credit required a“shipment confirmation”without indication as to the content.On the basis that the document provided information to the extent that the shipment approved and confirmed,and from the perspective that the discrepancy wording did not ind
50、icate and any inconsistency of data in that document to any other stipulated document or credit terms,the content would appear to fulfill the requirement for a shipment confirmation.,TA594-ICC结论beneficiarys fax or telex,2.credit required presentation of a certified copy of the benes fax or telex.The
