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1、1,新闻类文体翻译,2,新闻文体的主体结构,新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。导语（1ead or introduction）：通常为文章的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事实。正文（body）：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得出结论。,3,4,标题语法特点,省略现象时态表述语态形式标点符号,5,例1、Tenth of British Mackerel Catch Ground into Feed(=A Tenth of THE British Mackerel C
2、atch Ground into Feed)英国捕获鲭鱼一成碾为饲料（省略冠词）例2、Cops Under Fire(=Cops Are Under Fire)警察遭枪击（省略系动词）例3、Irish Group Kills Ex-chief(=An Irish Group Kills Its Ex-chief)一爱尔兰团体杀死前首领（省略人称、物主代词）例4、Anhui Accelerates Coal Mine Building(=Anhui Accelerates the Building of Coal Mine Building)安徽加速煤矿建设（省略介词）,省略现象,省略虚词：冠词
3、、连词、人称代词、系动词等,6,时态表述,例1施罗德将出访美国Shroeder to visit US forging ties with the new Bush Adtion 例2 Heavy Rain Lashed City Heavy Rain Lashes City,A.英语新闻标题：一般过去时表过去不定式表将来B.汉语新闻标题：一般借助时间词,7,语态形式,被动 bedone 省略be【例】Journalist Fired in Spy Debate（=Journalist be Fired in Spy Debate）主动语态 被动语态,8,标点符号,标点符号：逗号、破折号、冒号
4、目的：区分句子成分；节省字数；突出中心词,逗号：表停顿；取代连词 and例：Guangzhou Fair Closes,Trade Booms,破折号：交代说话者身份例：World Unity Against Terrorism Needed Brown,冒号：提示下文；替代“be”例：Chinese Cooks:Masters at Turning Turnip into Flower,9,翻译时可灵活处理，英语有此类标点符号的标题，汉译时可用也可不用，英语没有此类标点符号的标题，汉译时也可加上此类符号。,The American way:friendship【译】美国人的友谊观The oc
5、eansmans last resources【译】海洋人类最后的巨大资源“The system failed her”【译】她与这种制度格格不入Is“Globalization”helping or hurting?【译】全球化：幸或不幸？,10,汉语标题的英译技巧(Translation Strategies),中英标题风格各异。翻译时，应适当照顾英文标题的特点。为了达意，汉语标题中的修辞手段有时要做出牺牲；汉语标题的语言结构有时要打破重组以契合英文标题的习惯特征。,11,一、变汉语的偏正结构为英语的“名词中心语+后置修饰语”结构,举世瞩目的中国农业【译】Chinese Agricultu
6、re Attracting Worldwide Attention农民可放心的几件事【译】The Things That Farmers Neednt Worry About 走向世界的南京大学【译】University set to go international,12,二、变句子为短语,美国不要做干涉他国内政的事情【译】US told to stop its interfering上千律师义务帮助二战中国劳工打官司【译】Lawyers to help forced laborers青海湖二百年内将成为盐湖【译】Qinghai Lake to Become Salty Within 200
7、 Years,13,三、转换标题形式结构,例：（引题）大坝出现“大裂缝”资金是个“无底洞”（主题）三峡总公司辟谣空穴来风【译】Big Rift and Fund Shortage:A Rumor,英文标题无引题,因此应将汉语标题中的引题和主题合二为一。,14,英文新闻的词汇特点(Lexical Features),广泛使用简短小词(Midget Words)旧词赋新义和临时生造词(nonce words)使用缩写词(initials/acronyms)使用节缩词(shortened word/abbreviation),15,旧词赋新义和临时生造词(nonce words),gay（同性恋者）
8、basket（一组问题等）unisex（男女共用）hijack（劫持）supercrat（高级官员）dial in（电话示威）moneywise（在金钱方面）thumbsuck（安抚）sitcom（情景喜剧）Reaganomics（里根经济学）Jazznik（爵士乐迷）heartmen（换心人）Euromart（欧洲共同市场）Masscult（大众文化）atobomb（原子弹）blacketeer（黑市商人）,16,广泛使用简短小词(Midget Words),例1：世界关注中东和平谈判【译文1】World Watches/Observes Mid-east Peace Talks【译文2】W
9、orld Eyes Mid-east Peace Talks例2：澳大利亚力图吸引更多的亚洲游客【译文1】Australia Makes Attempt to Attract More Asian Tourists【译文2】Australia Makes Bid to Lure More Asian Tourists,17,The Use of Midget Words,help-assistance try-attempt car-vehicle ease-facilitate home-residence enough-sufficient fire-conflagration begin
10、-implement probe-investigate feud-controversy row-conflict pact-agreement talk-address envoy-ambassador,18,使用缩写词(initials/acronyms),UNESCO=the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization IOC=the International Olympic CommitteePM=Prime MinisterMP=member of parliamentWTO=World Trad
11、e Organization,19,使用节缩词(abbreviation),WeeklyMagForStampLoversToBeLaunched【Mag=Magazine(杂志)】集邮周刊即将发行。NewGroupsBoostHi-TechResearch【Hi-Tech=HighTechnology(高新技术)】新兴集团推动高新技术研究。,20,The Use of Abbreviation,ad=advertisement lab=laboratoryuni=university rail=railwaycello=violoncello quake=earthquake flu=inf
12、luenza vic=convictAussieAustralian（澳大利亚的）bizbusiness（商业）champchampion（冠军）expoexposition（博览会）homohomosexual（同性恋）,21,新闻导语的翻译,导语在即时性新闻中必不可少，它决定了读书是否从首句抓住核心内容，从而判断是否继续阅读。一般来说，导语表达明确，叙述直接，语言简练。,5 Ws：Who is it about?What happened?When did it take place?Where did it take place?Why did it happen?,22,例：As th
13、e leader of 34 nations wrapped up negotiations for an All-Americas free trade zone yesterday,police braced for more protests and the streets remained littered with debris from previous clashes.【参考译文】昨日34国领导人致力于全每周自由贸易圈的各项谈判之时，警察却穷于应付越来越多的示威者，街道由于之前的冲突而一片混乱。,所以，在翻译时同样要使译文简洁清晰。词汇的用法应本着新闻语言清晰性、简洁性、生动性原则。句式应根据新闻价值选择，突出主要信息。,23,写在最后,成功的基础在于好的学习习惯The foundation of success lies in good habits,24,谢谢大家荣幸这一路，与你同行ItS An Honor To Walk With You All The Way,讲师：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日,
