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1、豆丁网-你身边的高考专家,更多内容尽在http:/,1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:（时间状语从句）when,while,as,before,after,since,until,as soon as,every time,each time,the moment,by the time,I.when1)When he comes here tomorrow,I will call you.(at the time that)2)Henry is in charge of the office when Mr.Smith is away.(during the time
2、that),II.while 1)While he was walking in the street,he met Tim.(分词短语）,While walking in the street,he met Tim.Walking in the street,he met Tom.,2)He learned to speak English while he was here.3)I like tea while she likes coffee.,III.as(一边.一边,随着）1)As they were picking tea,the girls were singing happil
3、y.2)She sang as she worked.IV.Before1)It wont be long before he finishes his writing.,V.After1)After he(had)finished his work,he left there.,He(had)finished his work before he left here.,After finishing his work,he left here.,Having finished his work,he left here.,VI.since(from the time that)1)I hav
4、e known him ever since he was a boy.2)I have worked here since I graduated from the university.3)It is(has been)two years since he came here.,VII.until(till)(up to the time that)1)He will not go to bed until(till)his mother comes.2)Until she told me,I had no idea of what they had said.3)It is not un
5、til his mother comes home that he will go to bed.(强调结构）,VIII.as soon as1)As soon as she got home,she began to cook.,On getting home,she began to cook.,*IX.every time,each time,the moment 1)Every time/each time I catch a cold,I have pain in my back.2)There was an applause the moment(as soon as)she ap
6、peared on the stage.,X.by the time1)By the time he arrived,the train had already gone.2)By the time he comes,we will already have left.,Exercises:1.They walked out of the room _the meeting was over.2.They must stay in school _they are sixteen.3.Take the medicine _you go to bed.,4.I knew nothing abou
7、t it _he told me.5.It is more than five years _we started to learn English.6._he talked on,he got more and more excited.7.We should strike _the iron is hot.,2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason(原因状语从句）because,since,as,now that,for,I.because1)The ship changed its course because there was a storm.,The ship c
8、hanged its course because of the storm.,2)Because he was ill,he didnt go to school.,He was ill,so he didnt go to school.,Being ill,he didnt go to school.,II.since 1)Since you are ill,youd better go to see the doctor.2)Since you do not understand,I will explain again.III.as 1)As she was late for clas
9、s,she had to say sorry.2)As Jane was the oldest in this family,she had to look after the others.,IV.now that 1)Now that class is over,lets go to play football.V.for He must be ill,for he is absent today.,Exercises:1.The teacher must be strict with you _ they want you to make great progress.2._your f
10、ather is well again,you no longer have anything to worry about.3.The day breaks,_the birds are singing.,3.Adverbial Clauses of Condition(条件状语从句）I.if1)If he had worked harder,he would have passed the exam.2)If you work harder,you will succeed.,Work harder,and you will succeed.,Work harder,or you wont
11、 succeed.,Working harder,you will succeed.,II.unless1)We cant write to Mary unless she tells us her address.,We cant write to Mary if she doesnt tell us her address.,*III.as long as(只要)1)I will never give up learning as long as I live.2)You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.,*IV.on co
12、ndition that（条件是）Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it tidy.,*V.in case(万一）Youd better take your raincoat with you in case it rains.,4.Adverbial Clauses of Place(地点状语从句）You may find him where his parents live.,5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose(目的状语从句）so that/in order that They set out
13、 early so that(in order that)they might arrive there in time.,They set out early in order to(so as to)arrive there in time.,6.Adverbial Clauses of Result（结果状语从句）sothat,suchthat1)It is so good a story that Ill never forget it.It is such a good story that Ill never forget it.2)such+adj.+名词+that clause
14、3)so+adj./adv.+that clause4)so+many/few+复数名词+that clause much/little+不可数名词,7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较状语从句）asas,not as(so)as,more/-erthan,lessthan1)He doesnt work so hard as you do.2)There is as much ink in bottle A as in bottle B.3)The more you worry,the less youll succeed.4)Gold is much h
15、eavier than any other metal.8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession(让步状语从句）1)Although(Though)he is old,he works hard.He is old,but he works hard.*2)Even though(even if)you say so,I dont believe it.(即使),*3.Difficult as the work is,well finish it on time.Though the work is difficult,well finish it on time.4
16、.Whenever(No matter when)you come to our country,you will be warmly welcomed.5.Wherever(No matter where)he goes,he always brings two bodyguards with him.,9.Adverb Clauses of Manner(方式状语从句)1)You must try to do as I did.2)Lets do as Mrs.Li teaches us.*3)He talks as if he knew all about it.(好象),Exercis
17、es:Fill in the blank with a conjunction.(where,unless,if,as,suchthat,even though,as if,now that)1.A driver should slow down _the roads are narrow.2._you mail the letter today,it wont arrive there.3._he has time,he will come and see us later.,4.Tom made _great progress _his headmaster praised him at
18、the school meeting.5._his father knew what he had done,the boy was going to be in trouble.6.We will stay a little longer _it is very late.,7.She pretended to laugh loudly _the story were very funny.8.Poor _his English was,yet Mr.Li made himself understood in England.9.You should do _your parents ask
19、 you to do.,主谓一致,练习,历年高考题,例题,(4)用 连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。,(5)each of+复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代词+each，谓语动词用单数。如,语法一致,语法一致,语法一致,语法一致,语法一致,语法一致,内容 一致,内容 一致,内容 一致,内容 一致,内容 一致,就近一致,就近 一致,ExampleE-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.(99 上海2)A.is playing B.have playedC.ar
20、e playing D.play,答案及分析,答案是C。当有as well as 引导时，谓语与第一个主语一致，既与E-mail 单数一致，故选C.,历年高考题,90题21 A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered2.89题27 Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.a
21、re C.am D.be3.87题15 All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were,答案,Multiple choice:1.On the wall_ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging(C85)2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said.A.keep B.keeps C.kept D.have kept(C85)3.There _
22、a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has(C86)4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.was(C85)5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known(C86),Multiple choice:6.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were(C87 NO.45)
23、7.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered(C90 NO.20),8.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be(C89 NO.27)9.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _
24、absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were(C 96 NO.14)10.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided,主谓一致精练与解析,1.More than one person here _ with the disease.A.has been infected B.have been infect
25、ed C.has been infecting D.have been infecting,由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数,又如：More than one man was injured in the accident.More than one house has been repaired.,2.One or perhaps more pages _ missing.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been,由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。,又如：Are you or he to drive?
26、Was she or you there?,3.An expert,together with some assistants,_ to help in this work.A.was sent B.were sent C.is sending D.are sending,由 with，together with，along with，rather than，no less than，but，besides，except等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前一个相一致。,又如：Nobody but John and Helen was absent.I,rather than you,a
27、m responsible for the accident.,4.The police _ the black in winter.A.wears B.wear C.put on D.puts on,英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。,又如：Some people spend a lot of money on clothes.Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.,5.The number of students that you have met _ the li
28、fe of the team.A.are B.is C.were D.be,the number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。a number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。,又如：The number of cars is increasing in Beijing.A number of books have been published on this subject.,6.To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health.A.is B.are C.was D.were,由and连接两个名词，包括两个
29、不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。,又如：Whether to go on or return is not known.Time and tide waits for no man.,7.More students than one _.A.were punished B.is punished C.was punished D.will punish,More 复数名词 than one 和 more than one 单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。,又如：More students than one were
30、punished.More than one student was punished.,8.What they need _ more people.A.is B.are C.has D.have,名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数，但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语what we need指复数内容。,又如：What we need is more time.What he needs are books.What he says and what he does do not agree.,Review,The dir
31、ect and indirect speech直接引语和间接引语,什么是直接引语和间接引语,直接引语：直接引述别人的话，用“”。间接引语：转述别人的话，不用“”。（直接引语和间接引语通常出现在宾语从句中）John said,”I like reading adventure stories.”John said that he liked reading adventure stories.,直接引语变为间接引发生的变化,（以直接引语是陈述句为例）时态的变化，人称的变化。指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和个别动词的变化。在直接引语和间接引语互换中，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，所以特别要注意句子的意思
32、，而不是生搬硬套。,He said,”Im afraid I cant finish the work.”He said(that)he was afraid he couldt finish the work.She said,”My sister was here one week ago.”She said(that)her sister had been here one week before.She said,”Ill come here this evening.”She said(that)she would come here that evening,举例说明,变化的特殊情
33、况,间接引语时态不变当直接引语是客观真理时当直接引语是具体的过去某年某月某日时当直接引语是过去完成时态当地转述，当天转述He said,“Ill come here this morning.”He said he would go there that morning.He said he will come here this morning.,各种句子种类的直接引语变为间接引语,陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句祈使句,直接引语为陈述句时,用that引导间接引语，that 可以省略say to sb.tell sb.She said,”Ill go there tomorrow.”She sai
34、d that shell go there the next day.She said to me,”I broke your CD player.”She told me that she had broken my CD player.,直接引语为一般疑问句,用if 或whether 引导间接引语用陈述句的语序say 变为ask He said,”Is Lucy interested in English?”He asked if Lucy was interested in English.,直接引语为特殊疑问句,用原来的疑问词引导用陈述句的语序say 变为ask“What can I
35、do for you?”he said to me.He asked me what he could do for me.,直接引语为祈使句,ask 表示请求:ask sb.to do sth.ask sb.not to do sth.tell 表示命令：tell sb.to do sth.tell sb.not to do sth.,直接引语为祈使句,Mr Smith said to his son:Buy some bread for me.(tell sb to do sth)Buy some bread for me,please.(ask sb to do sth)Dont buy
36、 some bread for me.(tell sb not to do sth)Dont buy some bread for me,please.(ask sb not to do sth),直接引语为另一种请求的句子,直接引语为：Can/Could you?Will/Would you?用ask改为间接引语表示请求1.“Can you lend me two yuan?”he said to me.He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.He asked me to lend him two yuan.2.”Would you please n
37、ot stay up too late?”she said to me.She asked me if I would not stay up too late.She asked me not to stay up too late.,英语的时态（1）,一、一般现在时的用法,1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every,sometimes,at,on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.He cycles to work every day.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth mo
38、ves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.,3)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not spe
39、ak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。,知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leave
40、s at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star?It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes(不是will come),ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词hope,take care that,
41、make sure that等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.,二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。Where did you go just now?I saw Tom in the street yesterday.I bought this TV set in
42、Beijing last year.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child,I often played football in the street.He always went to work by bus.He used to act like that.,3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。（1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等。例如：Did you want anything else?I wanted to ask you about that.Did you want to speak to me
43、 now?I wondered if you could help me.（2）情态动词 could,would，例如：Could you lend me your bike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。If I were a bird,I would fly to Beijing.If he were here now,we could turn to him for help.,注意比较下列句型：It is time for sb.to do sth“到时间了；该了”，例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。It is ti
44、me sb.did sth.“时间已迟了；早该了”，例如：It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would(had)rather sb.did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如：Id rather you came tomorrow.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着)Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for sev
45、en years.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去),三、一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。What are you going
46、to do tomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.c.有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,4)be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow,next week
47、 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,be going to/will的用法之比较：用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和be going to 的用法之比较：be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事
48、。而be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主观安排),四、现在进行时1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：We are waiting for you.2.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr.Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under
49、Mr.Smith.3.表示渐变的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.4.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.,知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词。如：have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh
50、,measure,continue I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2)心理状态的动词。如：know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate I need your help.He loves her very much.3)瞬间动词。如：accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decid
