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1、Cells of inflammation and Immunity,G.Wharfe2005,Immune system,Detect and respond to antigensProtects against pathogenic microorganismsAlso elicits response against noninfectious foreign organismsUsed in inflammatory response and tissue repair,Immune response,Response needs to be quick and efficientT
2、wo systemsInnateAdaptive,Cells of IR,All derived from BM stem cellsInfluenced by growth factorsBegin as multipotent stem cellDevelop into committed stem cells,Innate immune system,First to respondLimits infection before adaptive responseUsually involve nonlymphoid cellsCells are macrophages and poly
3、morphonuclear neutrophils(PMN)Also involves complement and acute phase proteinsIf innate immunity cures infection-no adaptive immunity develops,Normal haematopoiesis,Adaptive immunity,Inducible antigen specific responsePrimary lymphoid organs produce lymphocytes capable of responding to various anti
4、gensLymphocytes form nave pool in bloodLymphocytes circulate in peripheral lymphoid organsLocation for Ag-dependent IR,Immunoglobulin,Cells of innate immune system,All are bone marrow derivedLineage commitment depends on stromal contact and cytokinesDendritic cells-Antigen presenting cellsDevelop fr
5、om peripheral blood monocyte precursorsFound in the interstitium and T cell areasStimulate Ag specific T cells,Phagocytic cells,PMNsMacrophages,Granulocytes,Inflammatory cellsContain cytoplasmic granulesNeutrophilsEosinophilsBasophils,Neutrophil,Stages of granulocyte maturation,Neutrophils,Major pha
6、gocytic granulocyteContain multilobed nucleusNeutrophilic granulesRespond to chemotactic stimuliActivated by macrophage and endothelial derived cytokinesMajor cell of acute inflammationPrimary effector cells in IR to pyogens,Neutrophils,Have Fc receptors for IgG and cBind and phagocytose opsonised a
7、ntigensLink between 2 arms of immune systemRegulates activation and recruitment of macrophages by cytokines,Phagocytosis,Principal mechanism of pathogensEnter site of infection Opsonins produced to allow phagocytosisTaken into vacuoleKilling by aerobic or anaerobic mechanismsCytokine induction,Phago
8、cytosis,Eosinophil,Eosinophils,Contain eosinophilic granulesExpress Fc receptors for IgEIgE prevalent in parasitic infectionsIgE mediates activation of eosinophil killing mechanismsRole in immediate hypersensitivity to allergensCause tissue injury and inflammation,Basophil,Basophils,In circulation b
9、asophilsIn tissue-Mast cellsExpress Fc receptors for IgERelease chemical mediators of immediate hypersensitivity,Monocyte,Macrophages,Main cells of chronic IRRegulators of specific acquired responseFewer numbers than neutrophilsPeaks in hours to daysParticipate in both acute and chronic inflammation
10、Phagocytose apoptotic PMNs,Tissue macrophages,Second major class of phagocytic cellsProvide innate immunity and initiate host defensesRelease inflammatory cytokinesAct as APCLink between innate immunity and acquired humoral and cellular immunity,Cells of monocyte macrophage system,Lymphocytes,B lymp
11、hocyteT lymphocyteNK lymphocyte,Lymphocyte,Lymphocytes,Mediate adaptive immune responseRecognize antigen specificallyEach clone has antigen specificityArrange V,J and D elements if Ig and T cell receptor genes to form different clonesB lymphocytes recognize native AgT lymphocytes recognize processed
12、 Ag,Lymphocytes,Ag binds to receptor Lymphoid activation and Clonal expansionEffector cells or products all have same specificity as parent cellInactivation of self reactive clones,Lymphocytes,Ag independent maturation occurs in primary lymphoid organsAg dependent occurs in secondary lymphoid organs
13、Cells are indistinguishable morphologicallyPhenotypically and functionally different,B lymphocyte development,B lymphocytes,Generate Ab responseFormed with other white cells in BMAb neutralize pathogens,opsonize pathogens,activate complementAct as APC for T cellsGenerate memory B cells,Plasma cell,P
14、lasma cells,Not usually found in PBResponsible for Ig production,T lymphocyte development,T cells,Generate CMIDirectly by differentiating into cytotoxic T cellsIndirectly by activating macrophagesHelp B lymphocytesDevelop from BM progenitors which migrate to thymusCD4 and CD8,T cell functions,Delaye
15、d hypersensitivity Cell mediated immunityGraft rejectionContact allergic reactionsCytotoxic responses to other cellsFacilitate Ab production by B cellsMemory T cells,Lymphoid organs,Interaction of lymphocyte with virus,NK cells,Also known as LGLTarget virus infected cellsTarget tumor cellsHave recep
16、tors for IgGMediate ADCC,Immune response,Differences between cells of innate immunity and lymphocytes,Different ways of recognizing microorganismsDirectIndirectSpecific Ag recognition,Cytokines,Molecules secreted by cells(lymphocytes)and which affect the function of other cellsSecreted in response to specific stimulusInterleukin is a type of cytokine,Role of interleukins,
