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1、Wireless in China Today From Little Red Book to Little Red Phone,Stephen HopeOrange Labs,Contents,The Chinese Telecom Service Market3G What,How Much and When?The 2008 OlympicsTechnology NeutralityMobile TVWiMaxImpact AssessmentConclusion,China:Telecom Service Market,China TieTong-from 2004 formerly,
2、中国移动,China,Mobile,68(63)%,中国联通,China,Unicom,32(37)%,China:Mobile Market(As at Mar 2007 source MII.Figures in brackets 2004 figures at first mission),109(83)m GSM Subs 38(25)m CDMA Subs,316(188)m GSM Subs,There are also 91(50)m PHS Subscribers as Fixed Line Wireless extensions(China Telecom and China
3、 Netcom,A Changing but still Growing Market,China Mobile had 45%of total telecom service revenue($85Bn)in 2006.Q1 07 19.5%Revenue Growth for China Mobile vs 4.2%China Unicom Growing mobile-fixed substitution impacting on China Telecom and China Netcom the Fixed OperatorsRevenue Growth 2.2%and 0.2%re
4、spectively Currently 91(50 in 2004)m PHS Subscriber base operated as Fixed Line Wireless extensions by China Telecom and China Netcom predicted to shrink to 3m by 2011 as Mobile Operators have aggressively implemented CPP(Calling Party Pays).Capital Investment reduced in preparation for Broadband an
5、d new 3G licences The previous model of both Called and Calling Party Pays the norm in 2004 was the key reason for the growth of the PHS market.,A Changing but still Growing Market,The number of CDMA subscribers remained static in 2006China Unicom likely to spin off its CDMA assets and sell them to
6、China Telecom in 2008Net Subscriber additions still at 5 to 6 million per month-80%China Mobile 50%RuralIncreasing Rural Market Penetration through low cost handsets is key for subscriber growth,3G What,How Much and WhenThe Waiting Game,In 2004 3G Award of Licences was widely expected within the nex
7、t year.Speculation was that China Mobile would receive W-CDMA,China Unicom CDMA-2000 and China Telecom a TD-SCDMA Licence.In 2007 3G Licences.still awaitedA deliberate government strategy to encourage the development of Chinese IPR?An expected Leadership reshuffle may further delay licence awards un
8、til 2008Large scale trials in all the 3 technologies.,The rise of TD-SCDMA(1),Much of the IPR in TD-SCDMA is owned by Datang,in partnership with SiemensIn 2004 early trials TD-SCDMA significantly lagged other standards in commercialisationSlow take up of 3G worldwide allowed external investment to b
9、e maintained to develop own standards and IPR rather than paying Qualcomm etcIn 2007 the picture has changed.,The rise of TD-SCDMA(2),China already has 3G(TD-SCDMA)Networks deployed“The trial networks have been extendedTD-SCDMA Forum stated Feb 2007 that 20000 users with more than 40 different termi
10、nals from 14 companies have participated in the 1st round of trials2nd round will use significantly higher numbersA key driver is the 2008 Olympics,The 2008(Political?)Olympics(1),January 2007-MII announced TD-SCDMA had passed a series of tests and selected as a 3G technologyChina Mobile have been a
11、sked by the Chinese Government to build and operate a TD-SCDMA network in 10 cities including the 6 Olympic Games Cities.This fulfils the Chinese Government pledge for 3G coverage for the OlympicsDuring the time of the 2007 mission infrastructure contracts were awardedDatang 27%and ZTE 46%($414M)of
12、contracts to dateOther players are shown in the table,The 2008(Political?)Olympics(2),Announcement in July 2007 by China Potevio(born out of China Putian,largest Chinese handset manufacturer and IT manufacturer)of successful handover between 3G TD-SCDMA and 2G GSM(both packet-and circuit-switched)wi
13、ll improve the potential business model for China Mobile This TD-SCDMA deployment is without a licence.Any future 3G Licence award is seen as being a separate activity from the Trial It is anticipated that China Mobile will receive a licence for TD-SCDMA.but NO timescales for award of 3G licences,Te
14、chnology Neutrality&Licensing,EU Commissioner Viviane Redding reported assurances that China would be 3G technology neutral.MII announced W-CDMA and CDMA treated equally and will be used in ChinaMore than one 3G license would be issuedOperators allowed to choose which standards they wish to useGover
15、nment would still determine the number of licences issued.Terms of WTO membership appear to have had some impact.but NO timescales for award of 3G licences,Market Demand for 3G Services?,In 2004 it was predicted that Mobile Demand would plateau at 500m out of 1.3Bn population due low income levels i
16、n rural areas.Current Mobile Market as of June 2007 is 451 million GSM subscribers and 38 million CDMA CDMA subscribers still showing a slight but not dramatic increase in numbersGSM subscribers still increasing at 5m per month although the relative rate of increase has slowed!Mobile Operators parti
17、cularly,China Mobile,have aggressively addressed Rural Areas through the introduction of low cost handsets and cheaper tariffs to maintain the growth.,Market Demand for 3G Services?,Also in 2004Voice the Key Revenue DriverSMS the main Data Revenue DriverIn 2007 mobile ARPU levels at around 8.5 9 Eur
18、o have not increased over the past two years,Voice and SMS still being a key driver but the Chinese Telecom market as a whole saw a 34%increase in non-voice service income in 2006As with Europe,the mobile industry needs to further increase data usage in a static ARPU market for long-term growth,alth
19、ough subscriber numbers are still increasingThe Olympics and 3G offers a significant opportunity for encouraging usage of data services across the full subscriber baseChina Mobile have announced some 34 new Olympic Services and working with many partners.,Market Demand for 3G Services?,China Centre
20、for Information Industry Development published optimistic survey results in December 200677%of China Mobiles customers were keen to buy 3G Handsets when they become available citing Mobile TV,Video Calls and Mobile Internet as attractive services.BUT76%of those surveyed buy handsets worth less than
21、2500 Yuan($320)with 25%going for handsets less than 1000 Yuan($128)Less than 24%would buy a handset over 2500 Yuan,Market Demand for 3G Services?,THEREFOREThe cost of the handset from both an operator and end user perspective will have a significant impact on the economics of supplying a successful
22、3G service without some form of handset subsidy business model The introduction of the Calling Party Pays model with cheaper tariffs and low cost handset is succeeding in gaining a greater subscriber base from the rural market but these may not be able to afford the 3G handset without such a subsidy
23、 HOWEVERMII has recently issued 3G Video Telephony interoperability standards for TD-SCDMA and W-CDMA handsets and is expected to extend these to the PSTN and ISDN.This should significantly drive revenues,particularly for those living in the cities and wishing to communicate with their families in r
24、ural areasThis standardisation activity is an example that Europe could follow!,Mobile TV,Regulatory StructureMII Ministry of Information and Industry SARFT State Administration of Radio Film and Television,Mobile TV,Like their European counterparts the Chinese Telecoms Operators view services throu
25、gh convergence of telecoms and broadcast as an important market and aim to introduce TV over 3G.Other standards being reviewedTV to the Mobile competes within a regulatory structure that protects the dominance of cable and investment in digital TVSARFT controls IPTV and content in mass mediaMII cont
26、rols TelecomsMII and SARFT at times appear to act in competitionTelecoms Operators must partner with a licensed media companiesThe Chinese Government trying to gain cooperation to ensure Olympics opportunities are realised,WiMAX A Market in China,A Market for China?(1),WiMAX products figure strongly
27、 in the portfolio of the major Chinese Infrastructure manufacturer such as Huawei and ZTE,like their other international counterparts,for international exportMarket forecasts from the MII suggest the Chinese Broadband Wireless Access market will comprise some 14 million users with a manufacturing ma
28、rket value of 25 Billion RMBThe operators are mostly expected to be Local and National Government,Medical and Emergency Services-rather than the personal WiBro concept in S.KoreaWhilst the MII presents a vision of WiMAX and 3G TD-SCDMA as complementary technologies,the informal view suggested that,u
29、nlike S.Korea where the Govt led the drive for WiBro,there will not be a policy that could undermine 3G market growth,WiMAX A Market in China,A Market for China?(2),An interesting SME Jushri which is a spin-off from the Shanghai Wireless Research Centre,well supported by both local and national govt
30、,is set up to develop and industrialise BWA,first fixed and then upgrading to mobile accessWorking with China Netcom to deploy WiMAX equipment for the 2008 OlympicsTheir two target markets include Metropolitan Area Networks and the Emergency Services,plus,in the longer term,Interactive Broadcasting,
31、WiMAX A Market in China,A Market for China?(3),Interactive Broadcasting-an initiative to evolve a Chinese development of WiMax dubbed ChiMax“Designed to support converged telecom and broadcast services in the UHF broadcast spectrumBased upon IEEE802.16e but incorporating additional locally developed
32、 IPR to overcome some inherent problems in current technology for this applicationA drive towards national and international standardisationChiMax is a significant development but current regulatory differences between MII and SARFT could hold this back.Support from national government may be an ind
33、ication of a change of approachWiMAX an internal market,not one for external players,Impact Assessment,Impact Assessment,3G TD-SCDMAThe early cooperation between Datang and Siemens,followed by joint ventures and further foreign direct investment,has accelerated the development of the technologyTD-SC
34、DMA accepted at the ITU as a 3G Standard.Development continues but still lags behind W-CDMA development.This may hinder export potential,although domestic market potential is huge.(and,China Mobile is looking for acquisitions in Africa)Despite 3G licence delays,Chinese companies such as ZTE and Huaw
35、ei have firmly established themselves as major international players in all 3G technologies,Impact Assessment,Mobile TVYet to happen in ChinaA potential market enabler for 3G particularly for the Olympics in 2008Subject to significant regulatory hurdlesTV over TD-SCDMA seems the most likely prospect
36、 in the first instance,although other standards being reviewed.Even if regulatory hurdles are overcome,mass market scalability and capacity issues of a comparatively immature technology would still give some concern for real time broadcast.,Impact Assessment,WiMAXWiMAX not a central plank of telecom
37、 policy in ChinaInternational Chinese companies have WiMAX within their product portfolio but potentially not as mature as companies such as Samsung,for whom it is a major product investmentIn 2004 Chinese universities were noted to be carrying out WiMAX R&D for Korean Companies,so expertise will be
38、 available in ChinaThe developments by Jushri in this area for Civic networks,including the Olympics and their development of ChiMAX to support converged telecom and broadcast services in the UHF band,are very significant but still potentially subject to regulatory difficultiesThere are significant
39、opportunities in the Domestic market for Jushri but it seems unlikely they will be able to develop and grow rapidly enough to make an impact in both the domestic and international arenaStrategically it seems unlikely that the government would support a technology competing with TD-SCDMA at this deli
40、cate point in the proceedings,Conclusion,Since the 2004 mission there is no doubt that Chinese telecoms infrastructure companies such as ZTE and particularly Huawei have become major international companies,supplying networks of all types worldwide.The sheer market size and revenue potential,albeit
41、at a lower ARPU than Europe,makes companies such as China Mobile hugely powerful in developing and fulfilling Government telecoms policy and there is no doubt that they will succeed in driving 3G TD-SCDMA forward.Irrespective of the fact that the products are well made,much of the early success of H
42、uawei and other major Chinese companies was because of the very favourable price differential between them and US/European manufacturers,due to the much lower cost base.With the growing economy and improving living standards for the city dwellers,and increased expectations,one can envisage this may not be the case in the longer term,
