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1、水工建筑物复习题1、判断题：（1）所谓水利工程，是指对自然界的地表水和地下水进行控制和调配，以达到除害兴利目的而修建的工程。（ ） 答案：正确（2）重力坝的基本剖面是三角形是因为考虑施工方便。（ ） 答案：错误（3）拱坝的超载能力高是由于坝体厚度较薄、材料均匀性好。（ ） 答案：错误（4）土石坝的不均匀沉陷主要由地基的不均匀性造成。（ ） 答案：正确（5）侧槽溢洪道的过堰水流与泄槽轴线方向一致。（ ） 答案：错误（6）泄水隧洞的线路选择是确定一条隧洞长度最小的路线。（ ） 答案：错误（7）枢纽布置就是将枢纽建筑物紧凑地布置在一起。（ ） 答案：错误（8）船闸一般布置在靠近河道深泓线一侧。（ ）
2、 答案：正确 （9） 海漫的作用是进一步消减水流剩余能量，保护护坦安全，并调整流速分布，保护河床、防止冲刷。（ ） 答案：正确（10）升船机的作用是利用机械力量将船只送过坝（闸），其耗水量大、运送速度慢、运输能力高。（ ） 答案：错误2、单项选择题：（1）土坝坝体由于不均匀沉降而产生（ ） a、纵缝； b、横缝； c、水平缝；d、竖向裂缝。 答案：b（2）因为作用于重力坝上游面的水压力呈（ ）分布，所以其基本剖面是三角形。 a、三角形； b、矩形 c、梯形； d、弧形。 答案：a（3）双曲拱坝是指坝体在（ ）方向上呈拱形。 a、水平； b、铅直； c、水平和铅直； d、a与b和c均不对。 答案
3、：c（4）有压隧洞的过流能力与（ ）无关。 a、隧洞底坡； b、上下游水头差； c、隧洞断面积； d、洞壁的光滑程度。 答案：a（5）枯水期下闸挡水，洪水期开闸泄水，这个闸可能是（ ）。a.节制闸 b.进水闸 c.分洪闸 d.挡潮闸 答案：a（6）渡槽槽身内水流可（ ）按计算。 a、紊流； b、急流； c、非均匀流； d、均匀流。 答案：d（8）无坝取水口一般设置在河道的（ ）。 a、凸岸； b、岸边直线段； c、凹岸； d、均可。 答案：c（9）侧槽溢洪道的底坡一般设计成（ ）。 a、陡坡； b、缓坡； c、平坡； d、均可。 答案：b （10） 碾压混凝土重力坝是用（ ）含量比较低的超干硬
4、性混凝土，经碾压而成的混凝土坝。 a、混凝土； b、水； c、水泥； d、砂粒料。 答案：水泥3、多项选择题（1） 重力坝抗滑稳定分析的目的是核算坝体沿（ ）抗滑稳定的安全性能。a、坝基面 b、坝体内的层面c、地基深层软弱结构面 d、坝体下游面坡答案：a、c（2） 工程中常用的拱坝应力分析方法有（ ）。a、拱梁法 b、拱冠梁法c、纯拱法 d、材料力学法答案：a、b、c（3） 土石坝中常见的坝体排水型式有（ ）。a、棱体排水 b、水泵排水c、排水孔 d、综合式排水e、褥垫排水 f、贴坡排水答案：a、d、e、f（4） 水闸中海漫的构造要求为（ ）。a.光滑性 b.不透水性c.透水性 d.柔性答案：
5、c、d（5） 隧洞出口的消能方式有（ ）。a、面流消能 b、底流消能c、洞内消能 d、挑流消能答案：b、d（6） 渡槽一般由（ ）等几部分组成。a、消能设施 b、槽身c、支承结构 d、基础e、进出口建筑物答案：b、c、d、e4、问答题：（1）为什么要对坝体混凝土进行分区？答案：混凝土重力坝坝体各部位的工作条件及受力条件不同，对上述混凝土材料性能指标的要求也不同。为了满足坝体各部位的不同要求，节省水泥用量及工程费用，把安全与经济统一起来，通常将坝体混凝土按不同工作条件进行分区，选用不同的强度等级和性能指标。（2）什么叫土石坝的渗透变形？防止渗透变形的工程措施有哪些？答案：土石坝坝身及地基中的渗流
6、，由于物理或化学的作用，导致土体颗粒流失，土壤发生局部破坏，称为渗透变形。土体发生渗透变形的原因，除与土料性质有关外，主要是由于渗透坡降过大造成的。因此，设计中应尽量降低渗透坡降，还要增加渗流出口处土体抵抗渗透变形的能力。常用的工程措施包括：（a） 采取水平或垂直防渗措施，以便尽可能地延长渗径，达到降低渗透坡降的目的；（b）采取排水减压措施，以降低坝体浸润线和下游渗流出口处的渗透压力。对可能发生管涌的部位，需设置反滤层，拦截可能被渗流带走的细颗粒；对下游可能产生流土的部位，可以设置盖重以增加土体抵抗渗透变形的能力。（3） 选择枢纽方案时，一般需进行哪些项目的比较？待添加的隐藏文字内容2答案：水
7、利枢纽布置的任务是合理地确定枢纽中各组成建筑物之间的相互位置，亦即确定各建筑物之间在平面上和高程上的布置。由于影响枢纽布置的因素很多，因此在进行枢纽布置时应深入研究当地条件，全面考虑设计、施工、运用、管理及技术经济等问题。一般应进行多方案的比较，在保证运用方便和安全可靠的前提下，力求做到节省工程量、便于施工、缩短工期，优选技术经济效益最佳的方案。（4）水工隧洞的工作闸门和检修闸门各有何工作特点？如何布置？答案：水工隧洞一般需要设置两道闸门，一道是工作闸门，其作用是控制水流流量、封闭孔口，要求在动水中启闭；另一道是检修闸门，当检修工作闸门或检修隧洞时，用以挡水，在隧洞进口都要设置检修闸门。当隧洞
8、出口低于下游水位时，出口处也需要设置检修门。无压隧洞一般将闸门设置在隧洞进口处，有压隧洞大多将闸门设置在出口处。另外，有些工程的泄洪洞将工作闸门布置在洞内。检修闸门一般布置在隧洞进口处，位于工作闸门的上游侧。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recov
9、ering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with n
10、ine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first pl
11、ayer to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskf
12、orce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him
13、first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said the
14、y were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. S
15、tarting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb highe
16、r than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowl
17、y drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cr
18、uised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games si
19、nce then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.
20、It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.
