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1、扶绥新宁海螺水泥有限公司二期5000t/d水泥熟料生产线工程 三线熟料库冲孔桩施工方案编制：审核：批准： 中铁十九局集团第一工程有限公司扶绥海螺项目部二七年十月十日熟料库冲孔灌注桩施工方案一、编制依据1、设计图纸2、地质勘察报告3、建筑桩基技术规范JBJ94-944、砼结构工程施工及验收规范GB50204-925、建筑工程质量检验评定标准GBJ301-88二、工程概况1、工程概况：本工程基础为采用1100冲孔灌筑桩，共132根，入全岩深度1倍桩径。2、地质概况：本厂勘探依据岩土体的物理力学性质。第层为素填土；第层为粘土；第-1层为土洞填充物；第层为微风华大理石，局部溶洞发育洞高0.518.90
2、m,具有一定不稳定性。三、工程质量：达到JGJ94-94建筑桩基技术规范及有关规范标准，成桩合格率100。四、施工准备：为满足建设单位进度要求和必要的技术质量保证的需要。1、根据工程的要求及时组织施工人员到位和施工机械进场。2、现场施工技术准备。修订和编制施工组织设计和施工方案，报业主和监理审批。3、认真审图，提前解决好一切图纸问题。熟悉工程地质情况，明确有关施工参数。4、根据现场材料作好砼配合比试验。5、对全体施工人员进行技术交底，使之熟悉本工程所执行的施工规范和标准，掌握施工参数。五、施工机械和材料准备1、主要施工机具钻机6台；砼输送泵1台；电焊机2台；切割机1台；装载机1台；搅拌机1台，
3、泥浆泵6台。2、物资准备主要材料，按计划采购、供应，陆续进场，保证工程所需。六、人员配备技术员： 2人 测量员：2人 试验员： 1人钻 工：24人 钢筋工：10人 砼 工：10人 电焊工：3人 电 工： 2人七、冲孔灌注桩施工一）工艺流程冲孔桩施工的工艺流程见下图。测量放桩位挖埋设护筒钻机就位成孔一次清孔验收钢筋笼制作及验收下钢筋笼下导管二次清孔制备砼验收灌注砼冲孔灌注桩施工工艺流程图二）：成孔1、护筒采用钢护筒，壁厚3mm，内径为1200mm，长度为1.01.5m采用人工挖埋法埋设。护筒埋设位置要准确，深度必须超过杂填土深度进入原状土0.2m以上，筒体垂直定位后，四围用粘土分层回填夯实，并在
4、护筒上用红漆标示出十字线，用以确定桩中心位置。2、泥浆a、泥浆池的设置泥浆池分为沉淀池与储浆池，均设置在孔附近，储浆池、沉淀池大小满足冲孔时泥浆循环流量。并合理布置泥浆池位置，尽量保证挖设的储浆池及沉淀池能同时保证几个孔使用。b、泥浆性能指标、比重：泥浆在冲孔中对孔壁的侧压力，随着泥浆比重的增大而增大，因此，泥浆比重越大，孔壁越稳定，但泥浆比重过大，不利于加快钻进速度以及水下混凝土的灌注。、粘度：粘度是液体或混合液体运动时的各个分子颗粒之间产生的内摩擦力，粘度大，泥皮厚，悬浮钻渣能力强，但易糊钻，影响钻孔进度，粘度小对固壁和防止翻砂、渗漏不利。、失水量：失水量是泥浆在冲孔内受压力差的作用而渗入
5、地层的水量，含水率小有利于冲孔清孔。、静切力：静切力是静止的泥浆受外力作用开始流动所需的最小的力，静切力若太大，则流动阻力大，泥渣不易沉淀，若太小，则悬浮携带钻渣效果不好，泥渣易下沉，造成埋钻事故。、胶体率：胶体率是泥浆静止后。其中悬浮状态的粘土，颗粒与水分离的程度，胶体率高，则粘土颗粒不易沉淀，悬浮钻渣能力高，否则相反。、PH值：维护一定PH值对保持泥浆指标非常重要，使混入泥浆中的粘土颗粒进行分散，增加泥浆中胶体颗粒。当比重上升时，加纯碱使粘土颗粒体积膨胀，容易分散增加泥浆表面的水化膜，保护粘土颗粒不会粘结在一起，因而可以增加泥浆的稳定性，失水率小，胶体率好。根据以上冲孔桩施工时对泥浆的要求
6、，并结合以往施工的经验和场地地质情况，确定本次钻桩施工的泥浆性能指标如下表：泥浆性能指标项目相对密度g/cm3粘度S静切力mg/cm2含砂率胶体率失水率m1/30 min 酸碱度PH泥皮厚度mm/30 min 指标1.1-1.15102520306953079133、泥浆的制备a、原料的选择根据地质勘查报告，场地内土质为粘土，有造浆特性，且在钻进过程中造浆且浆液稳定。因此采用土质中的土层自然造浆，实际施工中有些钻孔的土层造浆能力弱，可选用能力好的粘土并适量的碳酸钠作钻孔造浆材料。b、泥浆调制在泥浆池内注满清水，在孔内加入适量的碎粘土和清水，启动钻头冲击粘土溶解分散，并加入适量的碳酸钠，然后启动
7、泥浆泵循环，充分循环后，测定泥浆的各项性能指标，调整直至达到各项指标要求。同时在钻进中应经常检查泥浆指标及时调整。c、钻进1）钻进工艺参数2）正循环钻孔操作注意事项钻机安装要平整稳固，钻孔孔位要对准。钢丝绳要带紧，以减少晃动，防止扩孔和卡钻，冲孔速度要与泥浆排放相适应。要防止泥浆排量不足，钻碴来不及排除而造成埋钻事故。起落钻头要均匀，避免撞击孔壁。4、冲孔事故及其处理方法在冲孔过程中，由于施工不当，往往会造成坍孔、掉锤头、漏浆、堵钻、斜孔等事故，出现上述事故，要及时处理。坍孔：如护筒埋设不稳固和漏水，操作不当，锤头提升或下落时撞击孔壁，泥浆性能与地层不相适应，孔内水头不足或加水时水流冲击孔壁，
8、孔口压力过大等，均系坍孔的原因。孔口坍塌有明显特征，如孔口局部坍塌，护筒倾斜式下陷，发现后应及时回填粘土或码粘土划草袋并校正好孔位继续施工，或者拆除护筒，将孔填满后重新放样再钻。若孔口严重坍塌向下及周围扩展危及钻进稳定时，可下钢护筒至未坍处至少1米，护筒周围填充粘土至密实再继续施工。孔内塌方有下述现象：孔内水位不稳定，有细密水沟，孔突然变浅，锤头达不到原来的孔深等，孔内坍方不严重时再加大泥浆比重继续冲孔，严重时则回填重钻。发现坍孔后，仔细分析原因，查清原因或位置，然后进行处理。掉锤头：卡钻时强扭、强提操作不当，会造成掉锤头事故。掉锤头后应及时摸清情况，查明原因。如孔深、锤头是否偏斜，有无坍孔等
9、，然后采取有效措施，尽快处理。若锤头被沉淀物或坍孔埋住，应首先清孔后再使用打捞工具。以防止坍孔或护筒下部坍塌。斜孔：钻机在冲孔时位移或偏沉，地层软硬不一等，会造成斜孔，一经发现立即纠正，斜孔不严重时可重新冲孔继续钻进，严重时回填至斜孔以上0.5米重冲。漏浆：施工中一般遇到的有护筒底及焊缝漏浆两种情况，前者一般是因护筒埋置较浅，特别是在流砂地带更易发生，一旦发生应停止施工，将孔内回填粘土，待沉淀密实一段时间后再重新钻进。缩孔：塑性土壤遇水膨胀后使孔径缩小，可采用上、下复扫使之扩大，并尽可能缩短从冲到下导管的间隙时间，及时浇筑水下混凝土。5、清孔钻孔达到设计标高，经终孔检查后，即应及时清孔。清孔的
10、目的在于沉渣尽可能减小，提高桩端承载力，同时也为灌注水下混凝土保证质量。清孔方法用换浆法清孔，清孔分二次进行。第一次清孔利用锤头冲击以相对密度较低的泥浆注入，并可投入1.52.0的碳酸钠，将孔内的悬浮钻碴和相对密度较大的泥浆换出。第二次清孔利用灌注混凝土导管进行。清孔标准a、清孔后泥浆指标应达到相对密度1.101.20m，粘度1720S，含砂率小于4。b、在灌注水下砼前，测量孔内沉渣厚度，对于端承桩，不大于设计规定和规范规定。一般要求沉渣厚度不大于5cm。清孔注意事项a、清孔排渣时，应及时向孔内注入新鲜泥浆，保持孔内水头，应以实际钻孔底标高为准计算沉渣厚度。b、不得用加深孔底的方法代替清孔，以
11、免孔内产生过多沉淀。c、清孔达到标准后，应抓紧拆出钻具，以免孔内产生过多沉淀。6、冲孔灌注桩成孔质量允许偏差序号项目允许偏差备注1孔中心位置群桩：不大于10cm单桩：不大于5cm2孔径不小于设计桩径3倾斜度待添加的隐藏文字内容3小于14孔深符合设计5沉渣厚度506清孔后泥浆指标相对密度1.101.20，粘度1720S，含砂率小于4三）钢筋笼制作、安放1、制作前应将主筋调直并清除表面污垢、锈斑，其接头采用搭接焊，接头双面焊缝长度不小于5d，单面焊缝不小于10d。焊材应根据母材材质合理选用，焊缝宽度不小于0.7d，厚度不小于0.3d。2、钢筋笼分段制作时，主筋焊接接头同一截面面积最大百分率不得超过
12、50。3、钢筋笼保护层采用钢筋耳环或砂浆垫块设置。4、钢筋笼吊放采用钻机进行安放，吊放时应对准孔位轻放，若遇阻碍，徐起徐落使之下入，若无效，应立即停止下放，查明原因及时处理，严禁高起高落，强行下入，以免碰撞孔壁引起坍孔。钢筋笼下入孔内后，牢固定位，防止水平位移和浮笼。5、钢筋笼制作允许偏差主筋间距10mm箍筋间距20mm笼直径 10mm笼总长 50mm四）混凝土制备砂、石、水泥及加水量严格计量，执行砼配合比及施工配合比，原材料投量允许误差：骨料不超过3，水泥不超过2。优先使用525mm级配石子，中粗砂。搅拌时间不少于90秒。试拌后作坍落度试验应在1822cm之间，最大骨料不大于4cm。五）混凝
13、土灌注导管丝扣完好，连接平直，密封性好，内壁光滑。导管安装入孔时位置应居中，导管底口距孔底以3050cm左右为宜。确定初灌量选用料斗，首批砼灌入后，导管埋入砼面以下0.8米，灌注过程中导管埋深宜为26米。砼灌注应有后续措施，保证灌注连续，时间不宜超过8小时。砼灌注后应高出设计桩顶标高0.8m作为浮浆，以保证桩头强度。六）泥浆处理措施根据现场施工条件，钻进过程中的泥浆循环使用，在施工场地无建筑物的征用农田挖坑沉淀。七）季节性施工技术措施1、雨季施工时，在保证质量的前提下，采取相应的防雨设施，在机台搭盖防雨棚，并做好场地排水工作，用多台潜水泵抽水，保证其正常施工。2、采取有效技术措施，防止水泥受潮
14、或淋雨，混凝土、砂浆受雨淋含水量过多时，调整搅拌砼的加水量，防止水灰比超出设计配合比引起砼离析，从而影响砼强度。八、质量保证措施1、人员、组织保证体系，明确每个岗位质量责任。各工序质量由施工班组自检后报质检组互检，再由技术质检部终检，最后报监理单位验收。2、技术措施1）准确放样定位，确保桩位偏差在规定要求范围内，根据建设方提供的基准坐标和桩位平面图放出控制轴线，请监理验收后用C20砼保护好控制桩建立施工控制网。开挖每桩护筒时，由测量员控制随挖随测，保证护筒偏差小于10mm，并在护筒上标示桩位中心，作为桩机就位时的对照中心。2）成孔时，正确使用泥浆，成孔锤头应该有保径装置，确保成孔口径在1.01
15、.05倍设计桩径之间，在易坍塌土质中钻进时，应适当加大泥浆比重。 3）二次清孔应彻底，使用比重1.10、含砂量小于4的泥浆，清孔结束时应确保孔口返出泥浆的性能达到要求，以保证灌注前沉渣厚度小于5cm。二清结束至砼灌注开始的间隔时间小于30分钟，否则应重新清孔。4）制作钢筋笼偏差小于规范要求，安放钢筋笼时，确保笼顶标高后，用吊筋固定。四周加保护块校正笼中心。5）砼灌注是成桩最关键的工序，应严格执行工艺要求，确保不产生缩径、离析、断桩等情况。在砼面升高至笼底时，要保证导管埋深并尽量减小导管埋深，并使下料匀速，防止砼顶托造成浮笼。八、冲孔桩堵管事故处理方法及防治措施a、处理方法：当发生堵管事故时，首
16、先用长20钢筋从料斗插入导管内搅动，边搅动边振动导管；当仍未疏通导管时，采用加长振动棒插入导管内振捣，边振捣边上下活动导管，使导管疏通。b、防治措施：灌注前，用水润湿料斗、导管，先搅拌一盘砂浆置于料斗底部，然后搅拌正常混凝土；严格按配合比上料搅拌混凝土，控制搅拌时间，保证混凝土的和易性；导管埋深控制在26米范围内；保持灌注的连续性，每次提管时间不得超过混凝土初凝时间，一般2030分钟提管一次。九、断桩事故处理方法及防治措施a、处理方法：当发生断桩事故时，停止灌注，通知设计院研究处理。或进行补桩，或采用冲击钻至原桩底标高。b、防治措施：灌注时，泥浆比重不易太大，应控制在1.101.15；导管埋深
17、不易太小，应控制在2米以上。十、安全生产、文明施工1、贯彻“安全第一、预防为主”的方针，遵守各项规章制度及作业指导书，严禁违章作业，设专职安全员，跟班对施工人员进行安全教育及监控。2、现场挖设的储浆池和沉淀池周围均加设围护栏，进行安全防护，并设专人对泥浆池和储浆池进行看护，做到不随地溢流。3、施工现场使用的各种电器设备均安装漏电保护装置，并严格遵守接地要求。4、施工用的电缆在场地内必须架空，不得在地面拖拽，避免磨损、受压。5、机电设备由专人负责操作，未经培训无操作证者，不得上岗。6、设专职机修工对机电设备等进行经常性检查和保养，及时维修。7、在施工作业时，必须注意力集中，谨慎操作，不得玩物职守
18、。十一、施工进度计划冲孔桩桩数为132根，计划投入6台钻机，每台钻机分两班，每班3个人，24小时作业，平均每台钻机2天完成一个孔的施工，计划60天完成。Employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your empl
19、oyer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if yo
20、u win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is
21、received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you w
22、ill need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being
23、represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the ca
24、se.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice b
25、y e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations a
26、nd will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings
27、 against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian
28、 side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days
29、, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得
30、自己自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are opt
31、ional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice
32、 can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁
33、钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to r
34、esolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice,
35、finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，
36、最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; H
37、ave declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Missio
38、n aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere)
39、where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),
40、e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concre
41、te bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to
42、reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilizati
43、on parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He
44、 will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there
