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1、冲孔桩技术交底一、 施工准备1、 平整场地，清除树根等杂物，具备冲孔条件。2、 施工用水、电、泥浆池位置、弃碴场、机械调试等统一布置并考虑周到。3、 钢筋加工场地合理布置，做好场地硬化，采用场砖渣进行铺平、压实，再用低标号混凝土硬化，厚度约60mm，严禁钢筋与地面接确，钢筋堆放整齐。4、 导管要做水密承试验，经现场技术人员和监理检验达到8个气帕，不漏水为合格。5、 测量放线，由项目部进行桩位（包括每桩的高程控制桩）放样，经核对后以书面形式交接给施工队组，由各桩基队自行保护，护桩时采用“+”定位，确保桩位准确无误。6、 孔口护筒采用4mm8mm号钢板制作，内径比桩径大20cm，护筒长度根据设计要
2、求和实际的地质条件确定，一般按2.0m埋设。孔口护筒采用人工开挖埋设，护筒底部与土层相接处用粘土夯实，护筒外面与原土间用粘土填满、夯实，严防地表水顺该处渗入，顶部高出施工地面30cm40cm，钢护筒筒底的高程符合设计要求，护筒埋设准确竖直，护筒孔口平面位置与设计偏差按小于5cm控制，护筒竖向的倾斜不大于1%。二、 泥浆的制备 泥浆制备选用优质粘土造浆，由现场开挖，并投入一定量的Na2co3，以降低地下水酸性腐蚀的影响，泥浆比重控制1.11.5范围。试验泥浆的全部性能指标，并在钻进中定期检验泥浆比重、粘度、含砂率、胶体率等，填写泥浆试验记录表，泥浆循环使用，废弃泥浆沉淀后由项目部安排车辆运输。钻
3、孔用泥浆技术指标见下表。泥浆技术指标表序号项目技术指标1比重1.11.52粘度一般地层：1622s；松散易坍地层：1928s3含砂量新制泥浆不大于4%4胶体率不小于96%5PH值810三、 成孔（1） 钻孔桩机开始钻孔前要检查其操作性能，每工作班至少测孔深三次，嵌岩桩进入基岩要及时取样，并通知值班施工员确认，让施工员通知监理、业主，每次取出的岩样要详细做好记录，并晒干保留作为验收依据。碰到溶洞及地质遇岩偏桩时，要马上通知值班施工员，并配合施工员处理异常情况。交接班应详细交接冲孔情况及注意问题，发现异常情况马上纠正，并随即切除电源。开孔时，应低锤密击，如表上为淤泥、细砂等软弱土层，可加粘土块夹片
4、石反复冲击造壁，孔内桩浆面应保持稳定。在各种不同土层、岩层中冲进时，可以照下表进行冲击成孔操作要点项 目操作要点备 注在护筒刃脚以下2m以内小冲程1m左右，泥浆比重1.21.5，软弱层投入粘土块夹小片石土层不好时提高泥浆比重粘土层中、小冲程12m，泵入清水或稀泥浆，经常清除钻头上的泥块防粘钻可投入碎砖石粗砂或中粗砂层中冲程23m，泥浆比重1.21.5，投入粘土块，勤加勤掏碴砂卵石层中高冲程24m，泥浆比重1.3左右软弱土层或塌孔回填重钻小冲程反复冲击，加粘土块夹小片石，泥浆比重1.31.5进入基岩后，应低锤冲击或间断冲击，如发现偏孔应回填片石至偏孔上方300500处，然后重新冲孔。钻孔过程中桩
5、机上没有记录本，由操作人员做好各项原始记录，一般每2小时记录一次，遇特殊情况每半小时记录一次，终孔后将原始记录交给资料员保留作为竣工资料。（2） 施工注意事项在冲孔过程中，要随时补充泥浆，调整泥浆比重，泥浆采用专门铁箱装住，以免泥浆污柒到附近水域。钻孔到达设计要求的标高后，进行桩底取样，通过业主、监理工程师共同验收。确定终孔后，进行孔径、标高、桩位偏差值复测，符合设计要求后立即进行清孔。四、 钢筋的制作、运输及吊装安放（1） 钢筋笼的绑扎钢筋笼严格按设计和规范要求制作。钢筋骨架的保护层，通过在螺旋筋上穿入中心开孔，厚5cm的圆形C35水泥砂浆块来保证保护层的厚度，砂浆块按竖向每隔2m设一道，每
6、一道沿圆周穿入6个布置，最后视需要安装和固定。钢筋笼主筋采用双面焊接，钢筋笼外侧每隔2m沿四周均匀焊接4根20折形定位钢筋。钢筋笼骨架焊接前先根据设计图纸放样下料，做好焊接平台，在平台上固定加强钢筋，并根据设计的主筋布置在加强钢筋四周划出标记，焊接主筋，然后焊接螺旋钢筋，钢筋骨架一般分两段进行加工，并在钢筋笼上做好吊点和孔口固定处的加强处理。（2） 钢筋笼吊装在确认清孔完成并符合设计要求后，将焊接好的钢筋笼骨用汽车吊（由于本项目大部分钢笼较短，可采用人工放笼）吊入桩孔，吊入用钢管套住钢筋笼上部钢筋后下放至设计深度，并在孔口牢固定位，以免在灌注混凝土过程中发生浮笼现象。五、 清孔及导管安装1、
7、第一次清孔清孔的目的是使孔底沉碴（虚土）、泥浆浓度、泥浆中含钻碴量和孔壁厚度符合质量要求和设计要求，为灌注混凝土创造良好的条件。冲孔至设计高程，经过检查，孔深、孔径符合要求后，将钻渣抽净。清孔采用正循环的方式。清孔应符合下列规定：孔底500mm以内的泥浆相对密度小于1.25，含砂率8%，粘度28%，灌注混凝土前，孔底沉碴厚度50mm。2、 安装导管导管用219mm的导管，壁厚3mm，每节长2.05.0m，配12节长1.01.5m短管，由管端粗丝扣、法兰螺连接，接头处用橡胶圈密封防水，并对导管作水压和接头抗拉试验保证不漏水。混凝土浇筑架用型钢制作，用于支撑悬吊导管，吊挂钢筋笼，上部放置混凝土漏斗
8、。3、 第三次清孔在第一次清孔达到要求后，由于安放钢筋笼及导管，至浇筑混凝土的时间间隙较长，孔底又会产生沉碴，所以待安放钢筋笼及导管就绪后，再利用导管进行第二次清孔。清孔的方法是在导管顶部安装一个弯头和皮笼，用泵将泥浆压入导管内，再从孔底沿着导管外置换沉碴。清孔标准是孔深达到设计要求，孔底泥浆密度1.15，复测沉碴厚度在50mm以内，此时清孔完成，立即浇筑混凝土。六、 灌注水下混凝土（1） 混凝土的制备待添加的隐藏文字内容1我项目部采用商品砼，为保证桩混凝土灌注的连续性，提前做混凝土预订，并估料准确。商品混凝土泵车直接开至孔桩旁，并用挖掘机预先为其铺设好道路，以保证泵车和漏斗间高度距离。（2）
9、 水下混凝土灌注先灌入桩尖首批混凝土，首批混凝土要经过计算，使其有一定的冲击能量，能把泥浆从导管中排出，并把导管下口埋入混凝土不小于1m深；桩尖最先灌注的0.51.0m3混凝土采稠度和强度与设计混凝土相同的灰浆。开导管用混凝土隔水栓，隔水栓预先用8号铁丝悬吊在混凝土漏斗下口，当混凝土装满后，剪断铁丝，混凝土即下沉至孔底，排开泥浆，埋住导管口。随着浇筑连续进行，随拨管，中途停歇时间不超过15min。在整个浇筑过程中，导管在混凝土埋深以1.54m为宜，既不能小于1m也不能大于6m。由专人测量导管埋深及管内外混凝土面的高差，及时填写水下混凝土浇筑记录。利用导管内的混凝土的超压力使混凝土的浇筑面逐渐上
10、升，上升速度不低于2m/h，直至高于设计标高50cm，在浇筑过程中，当导管内混凝土含有空气时，后续混凝土宜通过溜槽慢慢地注入漏斗和导管，不得将混凝土整斗从上面倾入导管内，以免导管内形成高压气囊，挤出管节间的橡胶垫而使导管漏水；同时，对浇筑过程中的一切故障均记录备案。考虑桩顶混凝土将凿除，灌注时水下混凝土的浇筑面按高出桩顶设计高程的5070cm控制，以保证桩顶混凝土的强度质量，避免因此而造成桩头强度不满足要求的质量问题。 钻孔灌注桩实测项目检 查 项 目规定值或允许偏差检查方法和频率混凝土强度(MPa）在合格标准内按附录D检查桩位（mm）群桩100全站仪或经纬仪：每桩检查排架桩允许50极值100
11、孔 深（m）不小于设计值测绳量：每桩测量孔径（mm）不小于设计值探孔器：每桩测量钻孔倾斜度（mm）1%桩长，且不大于500用测壁（斜）仪或钻杆垂线法：每桩测量沉淀厚度（mm）不大于设计规定沉淀盒或标准测锤：每桩检查钢筋骨架底面高程 (mm)50水准仪：测每桩骨架顶面高程后反算Employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the dis
12、ciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplin
13、ary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the eve
14、nt you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals are less formal tha
15、n some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one o
16、f the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant c
17、harge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau
18、. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London
19、for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out w
20、hat his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised an
21、d disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to
22、 oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子
23、过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of
24、the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in hig
25、h school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly f
26、ound himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world,
27、 can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, bu
28、t more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，
29、界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stat
30、ionery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，
31、终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will mov
32、e through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosph
33、ere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling
34、an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Sk
35、ydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If
36、he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chu
37、te successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there
