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1、Unit 4 Lesson Planning,I.A pre-class discussion:,1.What is lesson planning?p.512.Is lesson planning necessary?Why?3.In how many ways do language teachers benefit from lesson planning?p.52-534.What types of lessons do you know?,1.Lesson planning means making decisions in advance about what techniques
2、,activities and materials will be used in the class.2.Although the main teaching contents may be the same,the students are different,the time is different,and the mood is different,so lesson planning is not only necessary but also important.,3.Language teachers benefit from lesson planning in:1)unde
3、rstanding the aims and language contents of the lesson;2)distinguishing the various stages of a lesson;3)thinking about how the students can be fully engaged in the lesson;4)becoming aware of the teaching aids that are needed.5)thinking about the relative value of different activities and how much t
4、ime should be spent on them.,4.Some different types of lessons:,Pronunciation lessonVocabulary lessonGrammar lessonReading lessonWriting lessonListening&speaking lessonNew lessonTraining lessonRevision lessonIntegrated lesson,II.Some factors that influence a lesson:,1.Physical conditions:Class size:
5、affects types of activitiesLength of a lesson:determine how much can be taughtSize of classroom:restricts some types of activitiesTeaching aids:sufficient or not Time of day:influences the types of activities used(p.m.or a.m.),2.Human factors:Different personalities of teachers decide different styl
6、es of teachingVaried needs and attitudes of studentsThe students language levelThe students learning background,3.Change of the syllabus and textbooks4.Teaching system:Meets the needs of the institutions and examinationsA good lesson begins with a good lesson plan to some extent.That is,good lesson
7、planning is a beginning of your success in your classroom teaching.,III.What are the principles for good lesson planning?,1）aim:having a clear idea of what to achieve and what outcomes to expect from a lesson(目的明确)2）variety:different types of activities and a wide selection of materials(形式多样)3）flexi
8、bility:different methods and techniques(方法灵活)4）learnability:the contents and tasks should be within the learning capability of the students.(难易适中)5）linkage:the stages are linked with one another.(条理清晰),IV.Two levels of teaching planning:,Macro planning:the planning for a whole program or a whole-yea
9、r course.It involves knowing about:profession,institution,learners,curriculum,textbook,objectives,etc.Micro planning:the planning for a specfic unit or a lesson which usually lasts from one to two weeks or forty to fifty minutes.,V.Components of a lesson plan p55-60,1.Background information2.Teachin
10、g aims3.Language contents and skills4.Teaching stages and procedures5.Teaching aids6.End of lesson summary7.Optional activities and assignments8.After lesson reflection,(1).Teaching aims should:,focus on the learners performance rather than on the teachers.reflect the five objectives specified by th
11、e curriculum:language skills,knowledge,affects,strategies and culture.,National Curriculum Standards,Cultural ConsciousnessKnowledge of culturesUnderstanding of culturesCommunications across cultures Consciousness and ability,Language KnowledgePhoneticsVocabularyGrammarFunctionsTopics,Comprehensive
12、abilities to use the language,Learning StrategiesCognitive strategyAdaptive strategyCommunications strategyResource strategy,Language SkillsListeningSpeakingReadingWriting,Emotions and AttitudesMotives and interestConfidenceTeam spiritPatriotismInternational view,(2).Language Contents and Skills:,La
13、nguage contents:structures(grammar),vocabulary,functions,topics and so on.Language skills:listening,speaking,reading and writing.,(3).stages and procedures,Teaching stages are the major steps that language teachers go through in the classroom.Procedures are the detailed steps in each teaching stage.
14、,(4).What teaching model is the easiest procedure to teach a new structure-based lesson?,PPP model(presentation,practice and production)5-step model(revision,presentation,practice,production,consolidation)(p.31),(5).What model is suitable for a skill-oriented lesson?,3-stage model in reading/listeni
15、ng lessons:Pre-reading/while-reading/and post-reading/Pre-listening,while-listening,post-listening,4.5 Generally speaking,lesson plans can be designed in two forms:,Sample 1(In diagram),Read more of such diagram model on page 64-65,Sample 2(In items),(Title)(Class/Grade/School/Date)Teaching aims(lan
16、guage components and communicative skills)Teaching important/difficult language pointsTeaching methodsTeaching time arrangementTeaching aidsTeaching stepsThe design of the blackboardTeaching Steps:Step 1 Greeting and warm-up activity Step 2 Revision and check homework Step 3 Presentation/lead-in act
17、ivities Step 4 Drills/Repetition Step 5 Practice Step 6 Consolidation/test/Production Step 7 Feedback&summary/Conclusion Step 8 Setting homework(Consideration)Teaching reflection,Other sample lesson plan,The procedures of writing a lesson plan,1.study(as a student and as a teacher):textbooks,referen
18、ce book,exercise-book,curriculum and other useful materials.2.deciding the teaching aims:overall aim,focused teaching objectives3.choosing teaching methods,models and techniques4.designing activities5.arranging teaching sequence6.preparing teaching aid and materials7.piloting and timing8.listing and
19、 memorizing,4.6 A Lesson Plan designing task:,Find a lesson from the PEP(http:/)or other resources and design a lesson plan.Requirements:1.The teaching contents can be senior or junior or primary school.2.Follow the writing steps and principles3.You can refer to others examples,but should create own ideas and improvements.4.Put your personal information on the top.5.Hand in your written lesson plan on A4 paper and an electronic version in week 6.,
