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1、Liudogmei Oct,2006,Chapter 11 Basic inventory planning and management,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Key points,Opposing aspects of InventoriesThe main reasons for holding stocksThe many different types to inventoryThe implications for other logistic functions,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Introduction to logistics,Invent
2、ory is a large and costly investment.one of the most important aspects of logistics concerns questions related to inventory.,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Opposing aspects of Inventories,(The amount of inventory that should be held and its location within a companys logistics structure)is vital(in order to mee
3、t customer service requirements and expectations).为了满足客户需求,库存持有数量和库存地点定位是公司物流结构中至关重要的部分.But,there is,potentially,a large cost associated with holding inventory.,Liudogmei Oct,2006,It is vital to get right this balance of service versus cost.,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Two Fundamental Inventory Decisions,How
4、 much to order of each material when orders are placed with either outside suppliers or production departments within organizationsWhen to place the orders,Liudogmei Oct,2006,In planning any distribution system it is essential to be aware of these reasons,and to be sure that the consequences are ade
5、quate but not excessively high stock levels.作任何的配送系统计划中,都要首先知道这些原因,并且要保证计划实施后的库存 既不过多又不短缺.,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Two questions,For what reasons companies choose to hold safety stock?What cause the seasonal fluctuation?,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Why Do We Want to Hold Inventory,Reduce certain costs such asProd
6、uction costsordering costsStock out costsacquisition costsImprove customer serviceContribute to the efficient and effective operation of the production system,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Inventory act as a buffer,So inventroy give a buffer between supply and demand.,Supplies-with variation and uncertainty in
7、 quantities and timing,Demand-with variation and uncertainty in quantities and timing,Inventory-giving a buffer between supply and demand,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Types of Inventories,Firms hold different types of inventory.A useful classifications is as flow:Raw materialWork in processFinished productsSp
8、are partsconsumables,Liudogmei Oct,2006,The stocks types in operation,Raw materials,Operations in the process,Work in process,Spare parts,Consumables,Finished products,Liudogmei Oct,2006,The implications for other logistic functions,Liudogmei Oct,2006,It is essential for effective planning that the
9、various costs associated with inventory are minimized in relation to other logistics costs.,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Liudogmei Oct,2006,ABC Analysis,Dollar UsageCategory#of items%of items%of$useA151184%B251515C8874 1Total128100100,Liudogmei Oct,2006,ABC Analysis-Criticality,CriticalityCategory#of items%of
10、 items%of$useI 5 440%II 483956 III7557 4Total128100100,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Why We Do Not Want to Hold Inventory,Certain costs increase such ascarrying costscost of customer responsivenesscost of coordinating productionlarge-lot quality costcost of production problems,Liudogmei Oct,2006,ABC Analysis T
11、wo sided view,CriticalityDollar Usage I II III TotalA2 12 1 15 B1 19 5 25C2 17 69 88Total5 48 75 128,Liudogmei Oct,2006,ABC Analysis Combined,Combined#%Category of items of items of$useAA 141178%BB 161312CC 987610Total 128100 100,Liudogmei Oct,2006,Inventory Management Policy Parameters for Multiple ABC,
