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1、Contents,Reading Skills,Test Yourself,Reading Comprehension,外语教学与研究出版社,空军工程大学,Skimming,Like the other skills for your use,the skill introduced in this unit does render you better able in reading.,This practice is designed to help you get a deeper insight into the skill for this unit.,Introduction,阅读
2、实践,随 笔,Skimming,When reading the newspaper one often skims articles before deciding whether or not to read more carefully.To skim is to read quickly in order to get the general idea of a passage.Unlike scanning which involves searching for details or isolated facts,skimming requires the reader to no
3、te only information and clues which are related to an idea or the topic of a piece of writing.,阅读实践,随 笔,When you skim,you read only selected sentences in order to get the main idea.You should also use textual clues such as italicized or underlined words,headlines or subtitles,spacing,paragraphing,et
4、c.Do not read every word or sentence.Once you have a general idea about an article you may decide to read the entire selection carefully,or only to scan for specific pieces of information in order to answer questions which have occurred to you.,阅读实践,随 笔,When you skim,you probably have to move your e
5、yes faster than when you scan although the same steps of reading are involved.Of course,the key step is to decide what information you want to know,and then try to skim for it.,The following are examples from Text A in this unit to explain how to skim for the particular information that a reader is
6、interested in.,阅读实践,随 笔,After having a brief look at the title of the passage,you might want to know:Where shall I find the information about earthquake prediction,prevention and preparation?,To skim for the places for the information in question,the reader actually just needs to read the first sent
7、ence of each paragraph in the text.,阅读实践,随 笔,Sentence 1,Paragraph 1 tells the reader that this is the place for information about earthquake prediction;Sentence 1,Paragraph 2 for information about earthquake prevention;the first sentences of Paragraphs 3,4,5,6 for information about preparation again
8、st earthquake.,阅读实践,随 笔,After reading the first two paragraphs,you might want to know:How should people get prepared for an earthquake?Since we now know where to get the information about earthquake preparation,we may move our eyes very quickly down these relevant paragraphs,skimming for the answer,
9、which is offered as follows:,阅读实践,随 笔,1.regularly check and reinforce the home;(Para.3)2.have supplies of water and food at home and at work;(Para.4)3.keep a fire extinguisher handy,etc.;(Para.5)4.have earthquake emergency plans.(Para.6),Practice,阅读技巧,随 笔,Skim Text B for answers to the following que
10、stions in three minutes.,阅读技巧,随 笔,1.Why people say perceptions are relative?,Because things in nature,large or small,new or old,are judged in comparison with other things involved.,2.When was the Earth formed?,About five billion years ago.(Para.3)You can have the answer by just skimming for the word
11、s“the Earth”and“formed”.,阅读技巧,随 笔,3.When did the first human beings walk the Earth?,About three million years ago.(Para.4)You can get the answer by just skimming for the words“the first human beings”.,阅读技巧,随 笔,4.Which section is about mens control over natural resources?,We can get the answers from
12、Paragraph 6 to Paragraph 9.,5.Which section is about the balance of nature?,We can get the answers from Paragraph 10 to Paragraph 13.,Reading Comprehension,New Words,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,Questions Previewing
13、,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,Introduction,For you to be better conditioned for reading as fast as 100 words per minute,as required in the new type of examination“Fast Reading”,Text B can serve to be your fast-reading material.But,for this purpose,the best course of action is to know what to scan for in your
14、skimming.Thus,the trick is to keep in your mind the key words of each question before you start off.That is where the“Question Previewing”comes in.,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,Things in nature are large or small,new or old,only in conflict with/in agreement with the measures and the comparisons involved.2.A
15、billion years later,the planet had heated/cooled,and the continents and the great bodies of water had formed.,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,3.Despite their short time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planetchanges far in proportion to/out of proportion to the in
16、terval of time they have occupied it.4.As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly hard/easy for the population to survive on the resources of the land.,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,5.People are only a very small fraction of all living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create a dra
17、in on resources that are renewable/cant be renewed.6.Human activities can cause or speed up/slow down permanent changes in natural systems.,词汇学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,7.In spite of rapid population increase and industrial growth,some groups of people,often in remote areas,have been able to live in peace wit
18、h/in conflict with the planet.8.Now that they are ignorant of/aware of the causes of the sickness of our planet,they seek ways to help the Earth,to give back what they take away.,Passage Reading,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,Changes in the Balance of Nature,Para.1 Perceptions are relative.Para.2 A sing
19、le tree may seem large compared to a person.If you compare it to a mountain,however,the large tree seems small.In other words,things in nature are large or small,new or old,only in accordance with the measures and the comparisons involved.,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para.3 During the duration of one human l
20、ifetime,not many things change.Even trees live longer than people,and the Earth itself is far older.The Earth was formed about five billion years ago from a rotating,circular cloud of dust and gases such as hydrogen and nitrogen.A billion years later,the planet had cooled,and the continents and the
21、great bodies of water had formed.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para.4a About 3.5 billion years ago,another great change occurred.The oceans began to develop an enormous system of living things,with many diverse forms of life,all dependent on one another.The first animals on this living sphere,the Eart
22、h,were primitive marine animals,and then around 500 million years ago these sea animals developed shells.Seventy million years later,the first fish appeared.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para.4b Next,insects developed,about 400 million years ago.After another 200 million years,dinosaurs and the first
23、mammals walked the Earth.About 200 million years ago,warm-blooded animals took to the airthe first birds.Fifty million years later,both birds and mammals were well established.About three million years ago,scientists believe,the first human beings walked the Earth.Life was now flourishing.,Chinese,P
24、ara.5 In terms of the evolution of life on Earth,human beings have just arrived.Despite their short time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planetchanges far out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it.,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Chinese,词汇学
25、习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,People Try to Control ResourcesPara.6 People have more control over their surroundings than any other species on Earth.With the combination of intelligence and manual skill(allowing us to make and use tools),people have found ways to use plant and animal resources,mineral ores,fuels,
26、and many other materials and resources from the Earth.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para.7a As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly difficult for the population to survive on the resources of the land.The amount of land is limited.Although agricultural production can be incr
27、eased by use of machinery such as tractors and the addition of fertilizer,the land ultimately can produce only so much food and no more.As the human population grows,people consume more.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para.7b Clearly,some locations on Earth already have too many people;in many of these
28、areas,future increases will surely bring about more poverty and suffering.Yet people in rich nations use proportionally far more of the available resources than people in poorer nations.As they consume these resources without restraint,they also waste large amounts of them.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理
29、解,Para.8 People are only a very small fraction of all the living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create a drain on resources that cant be renewed.For example,the amount of water on Earth is limited;this water is cleaned through natural processes.However,the natural processes for filtering wat
30、er can clean only a certain amount of water by removing the pollution.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para.9 Likewise,a limited amount of petroleum can be found under the Earths surface.Petroleum is a valuable resource.Should people use it up to manufacture petrol for automobiles?As people work to contr
31、ol the planet and make life comfortable,are they using up resources that are needed for their survival?,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,The Balance of Nature Para.10a All natural systems tend toward balance among opposing factors or forces.Human activities can cause or accelerate permanent changes in nat
32、ural systems.The smoke of one small fire causes no harm to the environment.Natural cleaning processes can clean the particles of smoke from the air.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para.10b However,the collective smoke from thousands of factories,over the past two centuries,has caused enormous increases
33、in air pollution levels worldwide.Cleaning this smoke has exceeded the protective ability of natural processes.The forests cannot clean the air fast enough.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para.11 In spite of rapid population increase and industrial growth,some groups of people,often in remote areas,have
34、 been able to live in harmony with the planet.These people have not changed their ways of living from the ways of their ancestors.Called native peoples,they retain the ways of life that have remained unchanged for many generations.Many of their cultural values and ways of life include practices that
35、 return resources to the Earth.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para.12 Human population growth is creating food shortages,problems of air quality,and changes in weather patterns.What is destroying rain forests and ruining the land and seas?What causes the acid rain that forms from water passing through
36、polluted air?Why is there the threat of global warming?All these harmful results come from too much use of resources and the human struggle to control the environment.,Chinese,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,阅读理解,Para.13 The twentieth century began with powerful countries competing to take advantage of the Earth.As a
37、n outcome of their hunger for empires,the Earth was abused.Now people all over the world are living with the problems caused by this abuse.Now that they are no longer ignorant of the causes of the sickness of our planet,they seek ways to help the Earth,to give back what they take away.Previously,man
38、kind only used the Earth.Now everyone must protect planet Earth,a planet in danger.,Chinese,Choice Making,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,1.Things in nature are large or small,new or old,only in conflict with/in agreement with the measures and the comparisons involved.,Refer to Para.2,Things in nature are large
39、or small,new or old,only in agreement with the measures and the comparisons involved.,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,2.A billion years later,the planet had heated/cooled,and the continents and the great bodies of water had formed.,Refer to Para.3,A billion years later,the planet had cooled,and the continents an
40、d the great bodies of water had formed.,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,3.Despite their short time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planetchanges far in proportion to/out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it.,Refer to Para.5,Despite their sh
41、ort time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planetchanges far out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it.,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,4.As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly hard/easy for the population to surviv
42、e on the resources of the land.,Refer to Para.7a,As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly hard for the population to survive on the resources of the land.,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,5.People are only a very small fraction of all living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create
43、a drain on resources that are renewable/cant be renewed.,Refer to Para.8,People are only a very small fraction of all living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create a drain on resources that cant be renewed.,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,6.Human activities can cause or speed up/slow down permanent change
44、s in natural systems.,Refer to Para.10a,Human activities can cause or speed up permanent changes in natural systems.,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,7.In spite of rapid population increase and industrial growth,some groups of people,often in remote areas,have been able to live in peace with/in conflict with the
45、planet.,Refer to Para.11,In spite of rapid population increase and industrial growth,some groups of people,often in remote areas,have been able to live in peace with the planet.,词汇学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,8.Now that they are ignorant of/aware of the causes of the sickness of our planet,they seek ways to hel
46、p the Earth,to give back what they take away.,Refer to Para.13,Now that they are aware of the causes of the sickness of our planet,they seek ways to help the Earth,to give back what they take away.,Test Yourself,Compound Dictation,In-Depth Reading,Compound Dictation,You will hear a passage three tim
47、es.When the passage is read for the secondtime,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S8 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered S9 to S11 you are required tofill in missing information.For these blanks,you can either use the exact words you have just heard o
48、r write down the main points in yourown words.Now listen to the passage.,Directions:,阅读填空,随 笔,There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment.Most of these are made in Japan.But there are also good S1 _ models from Germany and the USA.We have S2 _ a range of different models to see which is
49、the best S3 _ for money.After a number of different tests and interviews with people who are familiar with different cameras being S4 _,our researchers S5 _ the Olympic BY model as the best auto-focus camera S6 _ at the moment.,quality,阅读填空,随 笔,investigated,value,assessed,recommend,available,It cost
50、s 200 dollars although you may well want to spend more,S7 _ as much as another 200 dollars on buying S8 _ lenses and other equipment.It is a good Japanese camera easy to use.S9 _,whereas the American versions are considerably more expensive.The Olympic BY model weighs only 320 grams,which is quite a
