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1、Solid-State Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Center(S3TEC Center),Gang Chen(Director)MIT:M.S.Dresselhaus,E.A.Fitzgerald,J.Joannopoulos,J.G.Kassakian,S.-G.Kim,K.A.Nelson,Y.Shao-Horn,C.A.Schuh,M.Soljacic,E.N.WangBoston College:C.P.Opeil,Z.F.RenOak Ridge National Laboratory:O.Delaire,D.J.Singh,A Proposa
2、l Submitted to Department of Energys Call forEnergy Frontier Research Centers,Demographic Expansion,Oceania,Oceania,Dresselhaus,APS March 2006,Growing world energy needs,2000:13 TW2050:30 TW 2100:46 TW(Hoffert et al Nature 395,883,1998),40%of the worlds population is in the fast developingregions.,P
3、rimary energy per capita(GJ),GDP per capita(purchasing power parity),Energy demand and GDP per capita(1980-2002),Energy Challenges:Climate Change,Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,2001http:/www.ipcc.ch,The Energy Source Challenge,14 Terawatts(world),30 Terawatts(world),TODAY,2050,Achieve Ene
4、rgy independence through renewable energy.Find substitute for gasoline(portable high density energy)Cost efficient technology,Thermal to Electrical Energy Conversion Technologies,Temperature(K),Grand Challenges:Efficiency and cost effective mass production,Solar Spectrum,Solar Thermophotovoltaics,Th
5、eoretical maximum efficiency:85.4%;comparable to that of infinite number of multi-junction cells,but with only a single junction PV cell.Key Challenges:Selective surfaces absorbing solar radiation but re-emitting only in a narrow spectrum near the bandgap of photovoltaic cells,working at high temper
6、atures.,Solar Thermoelectrics,(b),Low materials cost and low capital cost,potentially high efficiency.Key Challenges:Develop materials with high thermoelectric figure of merit;and selective surfaces that absorb solar radiation but do not re-radiative heat.,THERMOELECTRIC DEVICES,I,N,P,HOT SIDE,COLD
7、SIDE,GPHS Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator,MISSION OF S3TEC CENTER,Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Efficiency,Nanoscale Effects for Thermoelectrics,Electron,Phonon,Interfaces that Scatter Phonons but not Electrons,Advances in Thermoelectrics,Nanocomposites Approach,Increase interfacial scatter
8、ing by mixing nano-sized particles.Enable batch fabrication for large scale application.,Ball-Milled Bi2Te3 Powder,Poudel et al.Science,v.320,p.634,2008,After Compaction,Thermoelectric Properties,Poudel et al.Science,v.320,p.634,2008,Device Performance,Poudel et al.Science,v.320,p.634,2008,Thermal C
9、onductivity,Poudel et al.Science,v.320,p.634,2008,CURRENT APPLICATIONS,Power GenerationDeep space voyages Self Reliant FurnacesEmergency(Radio)Space HeatingWaste Heat RecoveryWrist WatchesPower Generation Cloth,RefrigerationPicnic Boxes(Igloo)Semiconductor LasersHigh End AutosScientific Instruments
10、DNA Sequencing Viscosity,Thermal to Electrical Energy Conversion,Industrial Waste Heat(DOE/ITP),Renewables,GM,Buildings,Transportation,In US,transportation uses 26%of total energy.,Other Potential Applications,Transportation,Investigation of Phonon/Electron Physics,Quantum and classical molecular dy
11、namics simulations on phonons.Density functional and nonequilibrium Greens function simulations on electrons.Optical pump-probe spectroscopy on elecrons and phonons.Neutron spectroscopy on phonon dynamics,mean free path.,Materials Synthesis and Characterization,Thin films for mechanism studies.Nano-
12、bulk materials to scale up.TEM structural and property investigations.Fast and accurate property measurements.,Selective Surfaces for Absorption/Emission Control,(a),(b),Thermal Stability,Experimental Investigation of Thermal Stability,Computer Simulation,Device Prototyping,Solar Thermoelectric Generators,Solar Photovoltaics,Preliminary S3TEC Center Road Map,Education and Outreach,Center Management Structure,
