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1、Chapter Eight Containerization,Chapter Eight Containerization,Teaching Aims,Main&Difficult Points,1、The advantages of the containerized shipment,2、The advantages of the intermodal transportation,Chapter Eight Containerization,Now，lets begin,Text A Introduction of Containerization,一、Key terms,1.inter
2、modal transportation,2、the international cargo transport,3.the International Organization for Standardization(ISO),多式联运,国际货物运输,国际标准化组织,the development of containerization,containerization,The idea of a standardized container came from former truck,freight forwarder Malcolm Mclclean of US.The system
3、was initially used in US coastal traffic in 1956,one year later,Mclean shipped those“American boxes”across the Atlantic to European ports for the first time,Bremen port and Rotterdam port were their destinations.,二、the development of containerization,三、The five common standard lengths of containeriz
4、ation,Question:What is TEU?,四、The advantage of containerization,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,在20世纪70年代，随着经济的发展，国际货物运输量迅速增加。我们也生活在一个日新月异的工业化社会。在过去的十年里，运输业发生了一系列巨大的变化，但就其未来的影响力而言，最具深远意义的便是集装箱系统的发展。,The international cargo transport volume has been rapidly increased together with growth of economy of the thi
5、rd quarter of this century.Also we are living in a rapidly changing industrial society.There have been a number of major changes in the shipping industry since the last decade,but the one most far-reaching in its future influence has been the development of the container system.,五、Chinese Version:课文
6、译文,对于大批量的货物运输，许多专门的大型船只已经提供了相应的服务。此时，港口设施也已改善来提高装载和卸货的效率。,In the case of bulk cargo many specialized and large-scale ships have entered service for this countermeasure.And at the same time improvement of port facilities has been carried out to load or unload quickly.,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,对于普通货物的运输
7、已采取更加重大的措施。这就是集装箱化，它是将常见的普通货物或散装货物装进大的、标准化的、可反复使用的集装箱，实现更加有效的运输，集装箱运输是近些年运输业所经历的最重要的发展形式。,In the case of general cargo,more drastic measure was employed.This is“containerization”the packing of conventional general cargo or bulk material into large,standardized,reusable containers for more efficient
8、shipmentis one of the most significant developments experienced in the transportation industry in many years。,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,集装箱化的关键是使用集装箱，尽管它只是一个简单的铁盒，它却彻底改变了国际贸易的局面。正如20世纪的很多其他革新，集装箱在形势严峻的情况下诞生，它的诞生在当时是至关重要的。陆军和海军专家开始通过把货物装载到集装架上来进行混合运输，再把集装架架设到一个特制的盒子上去。这种所谓的盒子现在被称为集装箱或多式联运集装箱，并且必须符合国际标准，
9、如ISO,TIR以及集装箱安全守则。这一集装箱标准化的想法由一个美国的货运代理Malcolm Mclclea提出的。该系统最初于1956年被运用在美国的海运中，一年后，Mclclean首次将这些“美国盒子”跨越大西洋运到欧洲港口，以不莱梅港以及鹿特丹港作为目的港。,The usage of container is the key of containerization.Although it is just a simple steel box,it has revolutionized international trade.Just as many other 20th century
10、innovations,containers were born out of a sense of urgency，which was of paramount importance at the time.Army and navy specialists began to mix cargo by loading freight onto pallets,then loading the pallets into specially constructed“boxes”.The box which is now called container or the intermodal con
11、tainer must conform to international standards such as ISO,TIR and the Container Safety Code.The idea of a standardized container came from former truck,freight forwarder Malcolm Mclclean of US.The system was initially used in US coastal traffic in 1956,one year later,Mclean shipped those“American b
12、oxes”across the Atlantic to European ports for the first time,Bremen port and Rotterdam port were their destinations.,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,现今集装箱的各尺寸已经标准化。现在有5种常用的标准长度：20英尺(6.1 米),40英尺(12.2 米),45英尺(13.7 米),48英尺(14.6 米),and 53英尺(16.2 米)。在美国国内的标准集装箱是48英尺(15 米)和53英尺两种(火车和货运)。集装箱的容量常用20英尺标准箱为单位表示（TEU）。
13、标准箱是一种用来衡量集装箱容量的计算方面，其相当于20 英尺长 8英尺宽的集装箱。由于这只是一个近似计量，箱子的高度并没有考虑在内，例如同为20英尺（6.1米）长的9英尺六英寸（2.9米）高立方体和4英尺3英寸（1.3米）半高的集装箱都称为一标准箱，40英尺长的箱子则计算为2个标准箱。,Nowadays the dimensions of containers have been standardized.There are five common standard lengths,20-ft(6.1 m),40-ft(12.2 m),45-ft(13.7 m),48-ft(14.6 m),a
14、nd 53-ft(16.2 m).United States domestic standard containers are generally 48ft(15m)and 53-ft(rail and truck).Container capacity is often expressed in twenty-foot equivalent units(TEU,or sometimes teu).An equivalent unit is a measure of containerized cargo capacity equal to one standard 20 ft(length)
15、8 ft(width)container.As this is an approximate measure,the height of the box is not considered,for instance the 9 ft 6 in(2.9 m)High cube and the 4-ft 3-in(1.3 m)half height 20ft(6.1m)containers are also called one TEU,and a container of 40 feet is counted as 2 TEU.2,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,一个20英尺(6.
16、1米)的干货集装箱最多可以存放30,480kg的货物,同时一个40英尺(包括2.87 m 高(9英尺6)的箱子)可以容纳34,000kg的货物.其可允许集装箱的皮重将最大有效荷载量从20英尺(6.1米)集装箱的约28,380kg减少到40英尺(12米)集装箱的30,100kg。,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,在全世界，越来越多的海运运用集装箱。这一趋势无疑会持续保持下去，因为集装箱具有很多优点，包括：1）安全性：因为集装箱的完全封闭性，货物的处理不受任何天气的影响并可以有效地防止盗窃和破损。2）经济性：整体运输成本得到降低，因为集装箱装运简化包装，为运输提供规模经济并最大限度地
17、减少了转运的需要。3）速度性：因为集装箱规格标准化和大型装卸机械一体化的使用，使运输效率和速度都得到了大大的提高。4）规模化：批量运输已在全球各地大型运输中使用。,All over the world,more and more ocean freight is carried out with containers.This trend will doubtless continue because containerized shipment offers so many advantages.Among them are:1）Safety:The cargo can be handled
18、 in any weather and is efficiently protected from theft and damage because it is completely enclosed.2）Economy:Overall transportation costs can be reduced since container shipment simplifies packing,offers the economy of mass transportation and minimizes the need for transshipment.3）Speed:Transporta
19、tion productivity and speed are increased because container specifications are standardized and large machinery handles the containers in an integrated operation.4）Large Scale:Volume transport is facilitated by the large fleet of container carriers in service worldwide.,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,集装箱将不同
20、类型和尺寸的货物放置到标准尺寸集装箱以实现装卸搬运的机械化操作。通过使用集装箱，港口的装卸货物时间减少到传统方法使用时间的1/10。因为更为多元化的形状和大小的一般货物，如大批量货物，无法由大型吊装工具进行处理。,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,集装箱化现在也实现了在船和其它交通工具，如和卡车与货车间的快速转移。因此，集装箱是不仅对航海运输是一个非常高效率的方法，同时其也适用于陆地运输。,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,因此，集装箱可以定义为这样的：集装箱联运货运是一个利用国际标准化组织（ISO）的标准规范联运集装箱运输系统。这些可以被装载和完好地密封到集装箱船、火
21、车车厢、飞机和卡车上。,六、Topics for Discussion讨论话题,1.How many advantages does the containerized shipment offer?,2.Describe the common sizes of the standard containers.,3.What is the containerization?,The new text is coming,Text B Intermodal Transportation,一、Key terms,1.intermodal transportation,2.piggyback tra
22、nsportation,3.the through bill of lading,4.mini-bridge,5.land bridge,6.long trunk hauls,全程提单,小路桥,长途公路干线运输,多式联运,驼背运输,大陆桥,The new text is coming,Text B Intermodal Transportation多式联运,一、Key terms,二、What is Intermodal transportation,Intermodal transportation involves the use of two or more modes of trans
23、portation in moving a shipment from origin to destination,primarily through the use of the“container.”,三、The advantages of intermodal transportation,四、different types of intermodal transport,sea/air,air/road,rail/road/inland waterways-sea-rail/road/inland waterways,mini-bridge,land bridge,piggyback
24、and sea train,Question:What type of intermodal transport is the most commonly used in the international transport?,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,多式联运是指使用两种或两种以上的运输方式通过集装箱将货物从产地运往目的地。集装箱的发展使得多式联运的进展成为可能。在19世纪50年代中期马尔科姆麦克莱恩，一个成功的车线老板，创造了利用拖车进行水陆联合运输货物的概念。麦克莱恩随后施行此概念，成立水陆联运服务，成为全球最大的水运营商之一。尽管将公路拖挂车辆用于铁路运输上，是驼
25、背运输发展的必然结果，但是可用 于各种运输方式间进行转换的标准集装箱的发展，让现代多式联运发展成为可能。标准化的尺寸，夹具压紧装置，以及相关的条款允许服务供应商在了解集装箱或“盒子”适宜的情况下,设计船舶、有轨车及公路货运车底盘。,Intermodal transportation involves the use of two or more modes of transportation in moving a shipment from origin to destination,primarily through the use of the“container.”The develo
26、pment of the container allowed the growth of intermodalism to be possible.In the mid-1950s Malcolm Mclean,a successful truck line owner,developed the concept of using a trailer to move freight by both highway and water.McLeans operation grew into sea-land services,one of the largest water carriers.A
27、lthough this was a logical outgrowth of the use of the highway trailers for railroad piggyback service,the development of a standard container that could be interchanged among all modes made modern intermodalism possible.1 Standardization of dimensions,hold-down devices,and related items allowed the
28、 service providers to design ships,railcars,and highway chassis,knowing the container or“box”would fit.,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,在大多数工业化国家，联运集装箱的使用很可能是多式联运最重要的因素。当两种或多种运输方式联合起来，并利用各自的优势时，多式联运就产生了。多式联运是指利用运输集装箱或其他可以由车辆运输装置转移到无需卸载货物直接托运车辆的设备。因为集装箱可以在铁路、公路和水运之间进行多式联运的，并且使各种模式发挥自己的优势。,多式联运的进展，得益于美国运输放松管制、
29、全球业务的增长以及业务环境的变化。铁路驼背运输和空运管制规定的撤销，减少通过共同合作提供服务的监管障碍。在全球业务大幅增长的情况下，特别是在像美国这样沿太平洋海岸地区的国家采用隔海进口商品，导致了水路和铁路这种多式联运服务的增加。最后，运营高成本和司机短缺的实际情况导致许多汽车运营商在完成长途公路干线运输时，通过先采用公路运输再转换成背驮式运输，以节省成本和保持竞争力.,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,驼背运输包括公路运输车辆装载了集装箱后，又装载于火车平板车上。双种列车合一，两个集装箱平车装上同一平板车，提高了铁路运行效率，降低了每
30、个集装箱的成本，从而可以使各集装箱使用率降低。在这些工序中，集装箱因为容易转移成为多式联运的常用设备，并且以降低处理成本和总运输时间来弥补。驼背式是一个集装箱货物联运的潜在库存服务。,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,多式联运具有以下优点：1）减少在转运点的时间损耗；2）提供更快的货物过境转运服务；3）减轻办理文件和手续的负担；4）节约成本；5）建立只有一个代理机构来处理的体制；6）降低出口成本。,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,当前，各种不同的多式联运的运营方式包括以下各种运输方式之间的不同组合。这些组合是海/空，空/陆，铁路/公路/内河航道-海洋-铁道/公路/内河
31、航道，小路桥，大陆桥，驼背式和火车渡船。,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,海/空运结合了水运的经济性和空运的高速度。这种组合模式适合价值较高的物品，如电子，电器，电脑和摄影器材。,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,五、Chinese Version:课文译文,New words&Terms,2.deregulation n.,3.flatcar n.,4.flat rate,5.hold
32、-down n.,6.photographic equipment,7.terminate v.,统一费率,压紧，夹具压紧装置,结束，终止,撤销管制规定,铁平板车,敞车,摄影器材,1.intermodalism n.,多式联运,8.trailer n.,拖车,挂车,底盘车,六、Topics for Discussion讨论话题,1.What is the intermodal transportation?,2.Discuss the role the container has played in intermodal transportation.,3.Describe the different types of intermodal transport operation.,练习答案,Thank You!,
