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1、电大古代诗歌散文专题作业2一、 律诗是在篇章、句式、对偶、音律上都有严密限定的一种诗体，七律是律诗的一种，杜甫是诗史上第一个大力写作七律的诗人，咏怀古迹五首、秋兴八首、登高等都是杜甫的七律代表作。 咏怀古迹其五诸葛大名垂宇宙，宗臣遗像肃清高。三分割据纡筹策，万古云霄一羽毛。伯仲之间见伊吕，指挥若定失萧曹。福移汉祚难恢复，志决身歼军务劳。（一）平仄是律诗最重要的格律因素，请学习律诗的平仄规定，完成下列任务。1、请标出咏怀古迹其五的平仄。诸葛大名垂宇宙，宗臣遗像肃清高。 仄仄平平平仄仄，平平仄仄仄平平。三分割据纡筹策，万古云霄一羽毛。平平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。伯仲之间见伊吕，指挥若定失萧曹。
2、仄仄平平平仄仄，平平仄仄仄平平。福移汉祚难恢复，志决身歼军务劳。平平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。2、粘对是律诗平仄规则的一部分，请以咏怀古迹其五为例，说明何谓“粘”、何谓“对”。答：所谓“粘”，指上联的对句与下联的出句平仄必须是同一类句式，如果上联对句是仄起平收，则下联出句影视仄起仄收；如果上联对句是平起平收，则下联出句应是平起仄收。即后联出句第二字的平仄须与前联对句第二字的平仄一致。所谓“对”，是指每联出句与对句必须是相对的句式，出句为仄起仄收，则对句应为平起平收；出句为平起仄收，则对句应为仄起平收。即一联之内平仄相对。若不符合以上规则，就被称为“失粘”、“失对”，是律诗写作的大忌。3、“拗
3、救”是律诗中经常会出现的一种声律现象，请以咏怀古迹其五为例，说明什么是拗救？答：所谓“拗救”，指一句诗在该用平声字的地方用仄声字，须在本句或对句的适当位置将仄声字改为平声字予以补救。 （二）除了严格的平仄要求外，律诗在押韵和对仗上也有比较严格的规定，请以咏怀古迹其五为例，说明律诗押韵和对仗的规则。1、押韵规则：答：二、四、六、八句须押韵，首句可押可不押，一般只押平声韵。除首句押韵外，韵字在对句句尾，且须一韵到底，不许邻韵通押。2、对仗规则：答：颔联、颈联须讲究对仗，首联、尾联可对可不对，对仗也有一定的讲究，但不像平仄那么严格。二、认真研读教材第三章第三节所讲李白将进酒，完成下列任务。从句式、平
4、仄、押韵、对仗等方面与杜甫咏怀古迹其五对比，进一步加深对七律格律要求的理解。1、从原诗中节选八句抄录于下，并标出其平仄。钟鼓馔玉不足贵，但愿长醉不复醒。仄仄平平仄仄仄 平平仄仄平平平古来圣贤皆寂寞，惟有饮者留其名。平平仄仄平仄仄 仄仄平平仄平平陈王昔时宴平乐，斗酒十千恣欢谑。仄仄平平仄仄仄 平平仄仄平平平 主人何为言少钱，径须沽取对君酌。平平仄仄平仄仄 仄仄平平仄平平2、写出其韵字。醒 名 谑 酌3、指明其中对仗的句子。钟鼓馔玉不足贵，但愿长醉不复醒。古来圣贤皆寂寞，惟有饮者留其名。三、请尝试自拟题目，写作一首七言律诗，尽量做到在平仄、押韵和对仗等方面符合七言律诗的格律要求。 中华腾飞已入金秋
5、犹不寒，百年盛事令人暖。神龙遥望云天腾，孔雀即将西北还。仍待长娥现代奔，先言圣火零八点。雄狮苏醒举国庆，昌盛繁荣日益欢。古代诗歌散文专题作业3请于唐宋词人温庭筠、李煜、冯延巳、晏殊、欧阳修、晏几道、秦观、苏轼、李清照中选取一家，以其令词作品为研究对象，自拟题目撰写一篇小论文，论文字数不少于1200字。古代诗歌散文专题作业4一、骈文是中国古代一种独特的文体，它有和散体文截然不同的文体特征，请认真学习教材第十三章第二节骈文，结合作品了解骈文的特征，并按照要求从教材所讲到的骈文中为下列特征找出例证。（注：请不要重复使用例句）（1）骈文特点：1、语言讲究对偶。两句相对的偶联： 咨宏度之峻邈，壮大业之允
6、昌。 思居终而恤始，命临没而肇扬。四句相对的长联： 楚王宫里，无不推其细腰；待添加的隐藏文字内容1 卫国佳人，俱言讶其纤手。 阅诗敦礼，岂东邻之自媒； 婉约风流，异西施之被教。2、四六句式，尤其对偶句多用四字句和六字句组成。四字句与四字句组成的对联。 晨看旅雁，心赴江淮；昏望牵牛，情驰扬越。六字句与六字句组成的对联。 朝干悲而掩泣，夕万绪而回肠。不自知其为生，不自知其为死。四字句与六字句混用组成的对联。 凌云概日，由余之所未窥； 千门万户，张衡之所曾赋。3、讲究平仄声律。四字句的二四字、六字句的二四六字或者三六字为节奏点。一句之内，节奏点平仄交替；一联之内，节奏点平仄相反。四字句与四字句组成的
7、对联。 南都石黛，最发双蛾；北地燕支，偏开两 。六字句与六字句组成的对联。 惜内顾之缠绵，恨未命之微祥。 纡广念于履组，尘清虑于余香。四字句与六字句混用组成的对联 虽非图画，入甘泉而不分； 言异神位，戏阳台而无别。4、讲究用典。鲁迅说：“曹丕的一个时代可以说是文学的自觉时代，或如近代所说，是为艺术而艺术的一派。”（魏晋风度及文章与药及酒之关系）骈俪之风的兴盛，正是这种“文学的自觉”的重要组成部分。清人许梿说：“骈语至徐庚，五色相宜，人音迭奏，可谓六朝之渤澥，唐代之津梁。”（六朝文絜评玉台新咏序语）O(_)O谢谢！【Chinas 10 must-see animations】The Chines
8、e animation industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 must-see classics from Chinas animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Lets recall these c
9、olorful images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫芦娃) is a Chinese animation TV series produced byShanghaiAnimationFilmStudio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animatio
10、n industry was in a relatively downed state compared to the rest of the international community. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of paper-cut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑猫警长) is a Chinese an
11、imation television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2006, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series violence, and lack of suitability for childr
12、ens education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir andteacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The heros real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to r
13、esist the exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of compassion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克与贝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和贝塔) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two
14、mice who dont want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they co-founded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals.
15、 Although there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very compact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of th
16、e Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book, (Chinese: 天书奇谈)also referred to as Legend of the Sealed Book or Tales about the Heavenly Book, was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid combination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic litera
17、ture Ping Yao Zhuan, meaning The Suppression of the Demons by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the books contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for li
18、fe by the jade emperor for breaking heavens law. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinesepainting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully
19、 demonstrate the unique beauty of Chinas natural scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf【喜洋洋与灰太狼】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊与灰太狼) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who
20、wants to eat them. It is a popular domestic animation series and has been adapted intomovies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（Chinese: 哪吒闹海）is an outstanding animation issued by the Ministry of Culture in 1979 and is based on an episode from the Chinese mythological novel Fengshen Yanyi. A mother gav
21、e birth to a ball of flesh shaped like a lotus bud. The father, Li Jing, chopped open the ball, and beautiful boy, Nezha, sprung out. One day, when Nezha was seven years old, he went to the nearby seashore for a swim and killed the third son of the Dragon King who was persecuting local residents. Th
22、e story primarily revolves around the Dragon Kings feud with Nezha over his sons death. Through bravery and wit, Nezha finally broke into the underwater palace and successfully defeated him. The film shows various kinds of attractive sceneries and the traditional culture of China, such as spectacula
23、r mountains, elegant sea waves and exquisite ancient Chinese clothes. It has received a variety of awards. Havoc in Heaven The story of Havoc in Heaven（Chinese: 大闹天宫）is based on the earliest chapters of the classic storyJourney to the West. The main character is Sun Wukong, aka the Monkey King, who
24、rebels against the Jade Emperor of heaven. The stylized animation and drums and percussion accompaniment used in this film are heavily influenced byBeijingOpera traditions. The name of the movie became a colloquialism in the Chinese language to describe someone making a mess. Regardless that it was
25、an animated film, it still became one of the most influential films in all of Asia. Countless cartoon adaptations that followed have reused the same classic story Journey to the West, yet many consider this 1964 iteration to be the most original, fitting and memorable, The Golden Monkey Defeats a De
26、mon【金猴降妖】 The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon (Chinese: 金猴降妖), also referred as The Monkey King Conquers the Demon, is adapted from chapters of the Chinese classics Journey to the West, or Monkey in the Western world. The five-episode animation series tells the story of Monkey King Sun Wukong, who fol
27、lowed Monk Xuan Zangs trip to the West to take the Buddhistic sutra. They met a white bone evil, and the evil transformed human appearances three times to seduce the monk. Twice Monkey King recognized it and brought it down. The monk was unable to recognize the monster and expelled Sun Wukong. Xuan
28、Zang was then captured by the monster. Fortunately Bajie, another apprentice of Xuan Zang, escaped and persuaded the Monkey King to come rescue the monk. Finally, Sun kills the evil and saves Xuan Zang. The outstanding animation has received a variety of awards, including the 6th Hundred Flowers Fes
29、tival Award and the Chicago International Childrens Film Festival Award in 1989. McDull【麦兜】 McDull is a cartoon pig character that was created inHong Kongby Alice Mak and Brian Tse. Although McDull made his first appearances as a supporting character in the McMug comics, McDull has since become a ce
30、ntral character in his own right, attracting a huge following in Hong Kong. The first McDull movie McMug Story My Life as McDull documented his life and the relationship between him and his mother.The McMug Story My Life as McDull is also being translated into French and shown in France. In this version, Mak Bing is the mother of McDull, not his father.
