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1、 机械设计基础课程设计设计题目:带式运输机传动装置设计III航空科学与工程学院 100513班 设计者: 庄淇凯 指导老师: 杨洋 前 言本设计为机械设计基础课程设计的内容,是先后学习过画法几何、机械原理、机械设计、工程材料、加工工艺学等课程之后的一次综合的练习和应用。本设计说明书是对带式运输机减速器传动装置设计的说明,减速器是降低轴转速、提升扭矩机器,使用广泛,本次设计是使用已知的使用和安装参数自行设计机构形式以及具体尺寸、选择材料、校核强度,并最终确定形成图纸的过程。通过设计,我们回顾了之前关于机械设计的课程,并加深了对很多概念的理解,并对设计的一些基本思路和方法有了初步的了解和掌握。目
2、录前言2第一章 设计任务书11.1课题题目11.2传动方案分析及原始数据:1第二章 传动方案的拟定22.1整体方案22.2 减速器说明2第三章 电动机的选择33.1类型和结构形式的选择:33.2 确定电机的额定功率:3第四章 传动系统的运动和动力参数4第五章 传动零件的设计计算和校核65.1 闭式齿轮传动设计65.2减速器外部零件的设计计算-普通V形带传动9第六章 轴的设计计算和校核116.1高速轴的设计与校核:116.2低速轴的设计与校核13第七章 滚动轴承的选择和寿命计算167.1高速轴轴承的选择167.2低速轴轴承的选择16第八章 键和联轴器的选择188.1 键的选择188.2 联轴器的
3、选择18第九章 润滑的选择199.1闭式减速齿轮的润滑199.2滚动轴承的润滑19第十章 密封形式的选择20第十一章 减速器机体各部分结构尺寸其它技术说明2111.1 减速器集体各部分尺寸2111.2其它技术说明:21参考文献22第一章 设计任务书1.1课题题目u 带式运输机传动装置设计III1.2传动方案分析及原始数据:u 设计要求:1带式输送机在常温下连续工作、单向运转,空载起动,工作载荷较平稳,带速允许误差5%。2.两班制(每班工作8小时),要求减速器设计寿命为10年,大修期为3年,小批量生产。u 主要技术参数:输送带的最大有效拉力F=1450N,输送带的工作速度V=1.55m/s,输送
4、机滚筒直径D=250 mm。u 设计任务:1) 减速器装配图1张(A0或A1图纸);2) 零件工作图2张(大齿轮、低速轴,A3图纸);3) 设计计算说明书1份,60008000字。说明书内容应包括:拟定机械系统方案,进行机构运动和动力分析,选择电动机,进行传动装置运动动力学参数计算,传动零件设计,轴承寿命计算、轴(许用应力法和安全系数法)、键的强度校核,联轴器的选择、设计总结、参考文献、设计小结等内容。第二章 传动方案的拟定2.1整体方案根据设计任务书,该方案的设计分成减速器(传动部分)和工作机(执行部分)两部分,如图 2- 1 带式运输机传动装置设计参考图所示。图 2- 1 带式运输机传动装
5、置设计参考图2.2 减速器说明机器一般是由原动机、传动装置和工作装置组成。传动装置是用来传递原动机的运动和动力、变换其运动形式以满足工作装置的需要,是机器的重要组成部分。传动装置是否合理将直接影响机器的工作性能、重量和成本。合理的传动方案除满足工作装置的功能外,还要求结构简单、制造方便、成本低廉、传动效率高和使用维护方便。本设计中原动机为电动机,工作机为皮带输送机。传动方案采用了两级传动,第一级传动为带传动,第二级传动为单级直齿圆柱齿轮减速器。带传动承载能力较低,在传递相同转矩时,结构尺寸较其他形式大,但有过载保护的优点,还可缓和冲击和振动,故布置在传动的高速级,以降低传递的转矩,减小带传动的
6、结构尺寸。齿轮传动的传动效率高,适用的功率和速度范围广,使用寿命较长,是现代机器中应用最为广泛的机构之一。本设计采用的是单级直齿轮传动。减速器的箱体采用水平剖分式结构,用HT200灰铸铁铸造而成。第三章 电动机的选择3.1类型和结构形式的选择:按工作条件和要求,选用一般用途的Y系列全封闭自扇冷式三相异步电动机,电压为 380/220V;3.2 确定电机的额定功率:(一)工作机的功率Pw =FV/1000=11501.6/1000=2.247kw(二)总效率 = =(三)所需电动机功率 总传动比范围:带轮传动比 齿轮传动比总传动比 查机械零件设计手册电动机选用 Y112M-4 得 Ped = 3
7、 kw n满 = 1420 r/min电动机选用:Y100L2-4第四章 传动系统的运动和动力参数 1 计算传动比 工作机的转速n=601000v/(D) =6010001.55/(3.14260) =118.41r/min 取 则2 确定各轴运动和动力参数=4.00(一)转速n=1420(r/min)=/=/=1420/3=473.333(r/min) =/=473.333/4.0=118.33(r/min) =118.33(r/min)(二) 输入功率P (三) 输出功率 (四) 输入转矩T (Nm) (Nm )(五) 输出转矩 =14.126(Nm) (Nm) (Nm )各轴的运动和动力
8、参数列表如下:功率P/kw轴名输入输出电机轴2.25高速轴2.162.14低速轴2.072.05滚筒轴2.032.01转矩T/Nmm轴名输入输出电机轴15130高速轴4358043180低速轴167100165450滚筒轴163740162220转速n/(r/mm)传动比效率轴名电机轴1420高速轴473.330.96低速轴118.3340.96滚筒轴118.3310.98第五章 传动零件的设计计算和校核5.1 闭式齿轮传动设计考虑到主动轮的转速不是很高,传动尺寸无严格的限制,批量较小,故小齿轮用45号钢,调质处理,硬度为HB=249286,平均取为260HB,大齿轮用45号钢,正火处理,硬度
9、HB=182267,平均取220HB,精度等级选为8级。注:表中图表来自于机械设计计算项目计算内容计算结果(1)初步估算小齿轮直径转矩齿宽系数由图2-14,取接触疲劳极限由图2-24得到初步计算需用接触应力值由表B-1,估计取动载荷系数K=1.4K=1.4计算小齿轮直径初取 初步齿宽b=65mm(2)确定基本参数圆周速度 v=1.61m/s精度等级由表2-1选择8级精度齿数、模数和螺旋角取,互质取831取由表2-4取(3)校核齿面接触疲劳强度重合度系数由表2-5得由于无变位,端面啮合角使用系数载荷较平稳动载系数由教材图2-6齿间载荷分配系数由表2-8,软齿面斜齿轮,精度等级8级齿向载荷分布系数
10、区域系数由图2-18查出弹性系数由表2-15查出螺旋角系数许用接触应力验算齿面接触应力:合格(4)确定主要传动尺寸中心距圆整取a=160mm螺旋角端面模数分度圆直径齿宽(5)齿根弯曲疲劳强度验算齿形系数由图2-10,查得应力修正系数由图2-21查得螺旋角系数由图2-22查取重合度系数齿向载荷分布系数由图2-9查取许用弯曲应力校核试验齿轮的齿根弯曲疲劳极限由表2-17查最小安全系数由图2-18确定尺寸系数由图2-32确定弯曲寿命系数另外取合格静强度校核因传动无严重过载,故不作静强度校核5.2减速器外部零件的设计计算-普通V形带传动选择带的型号查表64得, 则计算功率为PC=KAP=13= 2.4
11、75KW根据、查表和图68,选取Z型带确定带轮基准直径、验算带速查资料表65,66,选取带速带速验算: V=n1d1/(100060)=3.1480960/100060=5.945m/s 介于525m/s范围内,故合适大带轮基准直径=n1/n2d1=380=237.6mm取圆整=240mm 确定带长和中心距a:0.55(d1+d2)02(d1+d2) 0.55(80+240)2(80+240)176mm640mm 初定中心距=600 ,则带长为 L0=2+(d1+d2)+(d2-d1)2/(4) =1713.32mm查62表,按标准选带的基准长度Ld=1800mm的实际中心距a=a0+(Ld-
12、L0)/2=643.3mm 取圆整a=643mm验算小带轮上的包角11=180-(d2-d1)57.3/a=165.74120 小轮包角合适确定带的根数由式确定V带根数,查63表得0.36kW,查67表得0.03kW查62表得0.99,0.89则 Z=PC/((P0+P0)=2.71/(0.97+0.11)0.990.89 = 5.54 故要取6根Z型V带 满足少于8根的要求。带轮样式选择小带轮:辐板式;大带轮:孔板式草图第六章 轴的设计计算和校核6.1高速轴的设计与校核:计算项目计算内容计算结果材料选择为45号钢,正火处理,硬度HB=170217 估算轴径=c=115=21.83mm选取直径
13、比d大3%d=25mm齿轮圆周力齿轮径向力齿轮轴向力竖直面反力及弯矩水平面反力及弯矩合成弯矩应力校正系数计算当量弯矩截面C是危险截面受力和弯矩图校核许用弯曲应力为符合要求6.2低速轴的设计与校核 计算项目计算内容计算结果材料的选择为45号钢,正火处理,硬度HB=170217 估算轴径=c=115=29.86mm加大3%,d=30.75d=40mm齿轮圆周力齿轮径向力齿轮轴向力竖直面反力及弯矩水平面反力及弯矩合成弯矩应力校正系数计算当量弯矩受力和弯矩图校核许用弯曲应力为 符合要求第七章 滚动轴承的选择和寿命计算7.1高速轴轴承的选择该轴为工作于普通温度下的短轴,故支点采用两端单向固定的方式选用一
14、对圆锥滚子轴承,按轴径初选30205。计算项目计算内容计算结果轴承主要性能参数d=25mm,D=52mm,B=15mm,T=16.25mm轴承受力情况附加轴向力 Y=1.6轴向载荷选A端轴承校核寿命A端当量动载荷轴承寿命即寿命大于三年寿命合格7.2低速轴轴承的选择该轴为工作于普通温度下的短轴,故支点采用两端单向固定的方式选用一对圆锥滚子轴承,按轴径初选30208。计算项目计算内容计算结果轴承主要性能参数d=40mm,D=80mm,T=19.75mm,B=18mm轴承受力情况附加轴向力轴向载荷选B端校核轴承寿命B端当量动载荷轴承寿命即寿命大于三年寿命合格第八章 键和联轴器的选择8.1 键的选择键
15、的选择主要考虑所传递的扭矩的大小,轴上零件是否需要沿轴向移动,零件的对中要求等等。计算项目计算内容计算结果(1)高速轴与带轮连接键的选择和校核键的选择和参数静联接,选用普通平键A型,b*h=10*8b*h=10*8键长取L=60mmL=60mm许用挤压应力校 核查表可得45号钢的许用挤压应力为=76.75满足要求(2)低速轴与联轴器连接键的选择和校核键的选择和参数静联接,选用普通平键A型,b*h=10*8b*h=10*8键长取L=60mmL=60mm许用挤压应力校 核查表可得45号钢的许用挤压应力为=46.48满足要求(3)低速轴与闭式大齿轮连接键的选择和校核键的选择和参数静联接,选用普通平键
16、A型,b*h=16*10b*h=16*10键长取L=70mmL=70mm许用挤压应力校 核查表可得45号钢的许用挤压应力为=68.95满足要求8.2 联轴器的选择由于减速器载荷平稳,速度不高,无特殊要求,考虑装拆方便及经济问题,根据低速轴连接联轴器处d=32mm,选用LX1型弹性柱销联轴器,将各种参数列表如下:型号公称转矩许用转数轴孔直径轴孔长度外径轴孔类型LX256063003282120Y型联轴器承受转矩联轴器合适第九章 润滑的选择9.1闭式减速齿轮的润滑减速器中的一级闭式减速齿轮,由于齿轮外缘的回转速度小于12m/s,因此采用浸油润滑,选用L-AN68全损耗系统用油,浸油深度应没过至少1
17、个齿高,一般不应小于10mm。 9.2滚动轴承的润滑经计算,小齿轮轴dn值为4.32*104mm*r/min,大齿轮轴dn值为1.34*104mm*r/min,因此,轴承宜用油脂润滑。第十章 密封形式的选择为防止机体内润滑剂外泄和外部杂质进入机体内部影响机体工作,在构成机体的各零件间,如机盖与机座间、及外伸轴的输出、输入轴与轴承盖间,需设置不同形式的密封装置。对于无相对运动的结合面,常用密封胶、耐油橡胶垫圈等;对于旋转零件如外伸轴的密封,则需根据其不同的运动速度和密封要求考虑不同的密封件和结构。本设计中:(1)由于密封界面的相对速度不是很大,采用接触式密封,高速轴与轴承盖间V 3m/s,采用半
18、粗羊毛毡封油圈,低速轴与轴承盖间也为V 3m/s,故采用半粗羊毛毡封油圈。(2)轴承内部与机体内部处用挡油环加以密封,防止润滑油进入轴承内部。(3)箱座与箱盖凸缘结合面与观察孔、油孔之间都采用静密封方式第十一章 减速器机体各部分结构尺寸其它技术说明11.1 减速器集体各部分尺寸名称符号尺寸箱座壁厚箱盖壁厚箱盖凸缘厚度箱座凸缘厚度箱座底凸缘厚度=20mm地脚螺钉直径地脚螺钉数目轴承旁连接螺钉直径箱盖与箱座连接螺钉直径轴承端盖螺钉直径窥视孔盖螺钉直径定位销直径大齿轮顶圆与内壁距离齿轮端面与内壁距离轴承端盖凸缘厚度11.2其它技术说明:减速器装配前,必须按图纸检验各个部分零件,然后需用煤油清洗,滚动
19、轴承用汽油清洗,内壁涂刷抗机油浸蚀的涂料两次。在装配过程中轴承装配要保证装配游隙。轴承部位油脂的填入量要小于其所在轴承腔空间的2/3。减速器的润滑剂在跑合后要立即更换,其次应该定期检查,半年更换一次。润滑轴承的润滑脂应定期添加。在机盖机体间,装配是涂密封胶或水玻璃,其他密封件应选用耐油材料。对箱盖与底座结合面禁用垫片,必要时可涂酒精漆片或水玻璃。箱盖与底座装配好后,在拧紧螺栓前应用0.05mm塞尺检查其密封性。在运转中不许结合面处有漏油渗油现象。减速器装配完毕后要进行空载试验和整机性能试验。空载实验:在额定转速下正反转各12小时,要求运转平稳、声响均匀、各联接件密封处不得有漏油现象。负载实验:
20、在额定转速及额定载荷下,实验至油温不再升高为止。通常,油池温生不得超过,轴温升不得超过。搬动减速器应用底座上的钓钩起吊。箱盖上的吊环仅可用与起吊箱盖。机器出厂前,箱体外表面要涂防护漆,外伸轴应涂脂后包装。运输外包装后,要注明放置要求。参考文献1王之栎,王大康.机械设计综合课程设计.北京: 机械工业出版社,2013.12王之栎,马纲,陈心颐.机械设计.北京: 航空航天大学出版社,2011.8Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim
21、 to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help. Employment tribunals a
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26、mages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest
27、CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Asso
28、ciations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience w
29、as.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by To
30、ures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoi
31、d weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子;或许是追溯过去,对自
32、己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟,这些天以来,思绪一直很凌乱,在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么,或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅,突然就感觉到有些事情,非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可?During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more
33、and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont w
34、ant to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has alrea
35、dy cant remember his appearance.童年时,觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备,但是随着年龄的推进,会越来越发现,那些东西根本就可有可无;初中时,以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长,但三年过去后,自己心平气和的写同学录的时候,突然就发现是不是真正的成长了,好像并没有那么重要了;然后到了高中,觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点,但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉,后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场,看着他投过篮球的球框时,突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemica
36、l reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来,这个世界上,对某个事件能产生化学反应的,除了非做不可的坚决,还有,时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he bac
37、ked out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候,自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的,不想要的,界限明确,好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好
38、像已经下定了决心去做某件事,但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦,最终却发现有很多缘分,有很多错过,好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可,只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂,或者说,是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corne
39、r at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻,天空是阴暗的,空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫;那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸;那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊;还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可,终于和青春一样,都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Ba
40、umgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower le
41、vel of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the
42、 boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the