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1、汽轮发电机组润滑油系统水冲洗技术探讨刘圣文山东电力建设第一工程公司 山东 济南250100摘要：国外某电厂4300MW项目#2汽轮发电机组润滑油系统采用传统油循环冲洗的方式，存在冲洗周期长、成本高等问题。本文着重对#1汽轮发电机组润滑油系统采用水冲洗的尝试进行了总结，在不断积累经验的过程中为后续#3、#4汽轮发电机组润滑油系统采用水冲洗奠定了坚实基础。关键词：润滑油系统；水冲洗；成果对比；效益分析Abstract：The lube oil system of #2 turbine generator unit of a overseas 4x300MW power plant was puri
2、fied by means of traditional circulating filtration, which cost much both in time and in cost. This paper introduced and summarized the water flushing method applied to the lube oil system of #1 turbine generator unit, which set a successful basis for the water flushing method to be used to #3 and #
3、4 units.Key words：lube oil system, water flushing, result comparision, benefit anaylsis中图分类号：U664.113 文献标识码：A 文章编号：汽轮发电机组润滑油系统采用除盐水加碱变温多次循环冲洗，能去除润滑油系统内部绝大部分的杂质和污物，水冲洗工艺较传统大流量油循环冲洗节省了大量的滤油时间和工程成本。一、冲洗流程 润滑油系统通水试验热水冲洗水循环清水冲洗油冲洗。 首先向汽轮发电机组润滑油系统的主油箱内充满水并且保持循环，主要是为了检验系统连接的合理性，确定主油箱的安全液位，检查系统的泄漏点，试验加热的速度。
4、润滑油系统热水冲洗:系统补水并投电加热，将水温加热至5070，进行水冲洗和清理工作。1、润滑油系统水循环 水循环的目的是清除系统内壁的油泥和污物，待水温达到55,进行水循环。水循环控制工艺条件：Na3PO4 1.03.0% 温度 55 检查水循环情况，待管内油垢洗净，水循环结束。（如未洗净，可进行第二次水循环）2、水冲洗 水循环合格后，采用不少于两次的55热水冲洗，每次水冲洗循环15 30 min ，至冲洗水pH8.4，冲洗水中无皂化物和机械杂质。水冲洗结束后，将主油箱内积水排至#1机凝结水精处理废水排放管，人工清理主油箱内污物。 二、施工工序1、从#1机凝汽器补充水系统管道上接一路临时管道，
5、作为水冲洗的冲洗水源。2、以交流润滑油泵作为水冲洗的动力泵。3、水冲洗阶段，冷油器不参与冲洗，将冷油器中间的三通阀移出，用临时管道短接主油箱至三通阀的进、回油管路。4、发电机润滑油系统的空气抽出槽底部与密封油浮子油箱连接的接口处，用设备自带的旋塞堵住，与密封油系统管路相隔离。5、在主油箱至密封油系统的法兰接口处加临时堵板封闭。6、将主油箱事故放油管道与#1机凝结水精处理废水排放管道用临时管路短接。7、油净化相关管道冲洗： （1）在油净化进、出口法兰处加装临时堵板封闭，防止冲洗液进入设备。（2）在贮油箱管道接口处，将油净化来油管路与润滑油输送泵进油管路短接。（3）将主油箱至油净化的1只逆止门阀芯
6、抽出。（4）在小机油箱管道接口处，将油净化来油管路与回油管路短接。三、水冲洗步骤1、关闭主油箱至油净化的阀门。2、开启凝结水补水泵向主油箱注水。3、开启交流润滑油泵，对汽轮发电机组润滑油系统进行冲洗。4、开启电加热装置，使主油箱内的水温维持在55左右。5、加磷酸三钠，配成2%的碱水溶液，并进行连续循环冲洗36小时以上。6、停交流润滑油泵，排液并清理油箱。7、再次注水、加药、加热冲洗，持续循环24小时后排出积液并清理油箱。8、再次向油箱内注水，不加药，加热进行循环冲洗12小时，排液清理油箱。9、至冲洗水pH8.4，停止循环冲洗，并进入油箱内部进行清理。10、冲洗过程中注意切换系统，并对润滑油系统
7、管道依次进行冲洗。四、系统清理排水水循环结束后，应对汽轮发电机组润滑油系统仔细排水，排水时注意将水彻底排净，防止进油后油中含有大量的水,对主油箱进行全面清理，为下一步的进油做好准备。五、油循环成果对比#2汽轮发电机组润滑油系统采用传统油循环冲洗的周期为93天。#1汽轮发电机组润滑油系统采用除盐水冲洗，从水冲洗到油循环出现明显成效约为47天，节约工期46天。六、冲洗过程中的注意事项1、水冲洗过程中应注意温度的控制。2、排水过程中应注意监测除盐水的PH值。3、单独使用主油箱自带的电加热装置所需要的加热时间较长，如有条件可增加外部加热源。4、水冲洗时应安装油箱回油滤网，以方便后期清理工作。七、效益分
8、析1、 本工艺使用除盐水加碱变温多次冲洗，短时间内大大提高系统的清洁度，可节约大量的油循环工期和耗材。2、 本工艺操作简单，冲洗过程中不需要更换滤芯，节约人力成本。3、 本工艺减少了由于清理滤油机和油系统造成的润滑油泄露以及消耗。4、 本工艺减少了对环境的污染。5、 本工艺与后期油循环冲洗所需的管道一致，不需要增加多余的临时管道。6、 与传统的油循环方式相比，水冲洗的成本费用见下表：序号类别采用水冲洗与不采用水冲洗项目比较1工期采用水冲洗可节约工期1个月左右2滤芯清理采用水冲洗可明显减少24次清理次数3人工成本传统油循环冲洗需要4个人24小时轮流值班，采用水冲洗后只需要1个人开启设备、检查系统
9、，唯有进行系统切换、加药、清理等工作时需要多人配合。与传统油循环方式相比，水冲洗可节约大量人力资源4电费按水冲洗比传统油循环冲洗节省1个月工期考虑，水冲洗可节省大量的电费5磷酸三钠水冲洗相比传统油循环的方式需多用磷酸三钠1500kg6耗材与传统的油循环方式相比，水冲洗使用的破布、煤油、面粉等耗材的数量明显减少参考文献1 陈奕善.汽轮发电机组投产前润滑油系统的水冲洗J.电力建设.1986年05期2 电力建设施工及验收技术规范汽轮机机组篇DL 5011-923 汽轮机投运前油系统冲洗技术条件GB 10968-89Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologi
10、st, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint
11、 beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle p
12、rogram I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for th
13、e next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch ma
14、n jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mi
15、ssion was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. H
16、owever, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over
17、.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news
18、: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached
19、, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the
20、 stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slow
21、ly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like
22、 he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not
23、 be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,52
24、4 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would
25、cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
