论文(设计)基于模糊PID 的液压同步控制.doc

上传人:仙人指路1688 文档编号:2954463 上传时间:2023-03-05 格式:DOC 页数:7 大小:216KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
论文(设计)基于模糊PID 的液压同步控制.doc_第1页
第1页 / 共7页
论文(设计)基于模糊PID 的液压同步控制.doc_第2页
第2页 / 共7页
论文(设计)基于模糊PID 的液压同步控制.doc_第3页
第3页 / 共7页
论文(设计)基于模糊PID 的液压同步控制.doc_第4页
第4页 / 共7页
论文(设计)基于模糊PID 的液压同步控制.doc_第5页
第5页 / 共7页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《论文(设计)基于模糊PID 的液压同步控制.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《论文(设计)基于模糊PID 的液压同步控制.doc(7页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、基于模糊PID的液压同步控制何清华 曾益昆 中南工业大学机电院 湖南长沙 410083 摘要: 本文提出了一种新的模糊PID和一种改进的主从位置同步系统结构,其仿真结果表明这种利用模糊PID的改进的主从位置同步控制方案有着比利用常规数字PID的经典主从位置同步控制方案更好的控制效果。 关键词:模糊PID 液压同步 主从位置同步控制 引言随着现代科学技术和加工制造技术的飞速发展,越来越多的金属加工设备、工程机械、冶金机械等对高精度的液压同步控制技术的需求也越迫切。以静力压桩机为例,机身的四个升降液压缸在升降时应能达到很好的同步控制,否则可能造成对机身或液压缸的破坏,甚至由于机身的不平而使静力压桩

2、机倾翻。由于静力压桩机本身的特点,不能直接采用液压同步回路。本文针对机身在调平的基础上(关于自动调平另有文章讨论),提出了运用模糊PID技术对四个液压缸进行同步控制。为了仿真和试验的方便,采用的是一种二缸位置同步系统。液压同步控制系统 目前,液压同步闭环控制系统的实现形式很多,依据其实现的任务,被控执行元件的熟量、类型与结构、安装与运行方向和控制元件的不同可分成很多类。对于液压同步闭环控制来说,“同等方式”和“主从方式”是通常采用的两种控制策略。两者相比,为获得高精度的同步输出,则要求按“同等方式”工作的液压同步闭环控制系统重的各执行元件、反馈、检测元件及控制元件等的性能具有严格的匹配关系,这

3、显然让工业实行增加了难度。本文所采用的是一种改进的二缸主从位置同步系统,该系统的主要特征是输出响应的快速性、灵活行和准确性。以其中一个油缸的输出为理想输出,而其余的油缸受到控制来跟踪这一选定的理想输出并达到同步驱动。设油缸1的输出为理想输出,油缸2为跟踪油缸。原理如图:R Y1R Y2 图1:系统主从式同步控制示意图 本系统为了达到Y2很好地跟踪Y1的目的,其关键在于位置控制器设计的好坏。由于该系统自身的特点,采用常规的控制器很难达到良好的效果。为此在液压系统中常采用的PID控制器中引入智能控制中的模糊控制策略,使其能自动地调整PID的参数。3 位置控制器的设计在液压控制系统中,如执行机构为液

4、压阀,需要输出量与阀门开度位置一一对应,采用位置型PID。其控制算法的离散式为:式中 第n个采样时刻控制器的输出量 第n个采样时刻的偏差值, 、 、 比例、积分、微分系数在控制程序的开始,要对PID控制器三个参数进行初始化,故应对PID参数进行预整定,以求出参数的初始值 。一般可采用凑试法、扩充临界比例度法、扩充响应曲线法等。但无论采用的何种方法整定的PID参数,一旦计算好以后在整个控制过程中就是固定不变的。在实际控制过程中为了使系统具有很好的动态性能,我们希望PID的三个参数能依据当前系统的状况来做出相应的调整。而此类单纯基于数学模型的控制算法难以满足控制系统的要求并获得满意的动态性能,尤其

5、在系统参数时变和有负载扰动的情况下,这种现象表现得尤为明显。为此,引入模糊控制技术,根据专家知识和操作经验,依据偏差和偏差变化率的大小来调整三个参数 、 、 大小,这在很大程度上弥补了传统控制算法的局限性,从而取得良好的控制效果。31 参数调整规则的探索 人们通过对PID控制理论的认识和长期人工操作经验的总结,可知PID参数应依据以下几点来适应系统的动态过程。1 在偏差比较大时,为使尽快消除偏差,提高响应速度,同时为了避免系统响应出现超调, 取大值, 取零;在偏差比较小时,为继续减小偏差,并防止超调过大、产生振荡、稳定性变坏, 值要减小, 取小值;在偏差很小时,为消除静差,克服超调,使系统尽快

6、稳定, 值继续减小, 值不变或稍取大。2 当偏差与偏差变化率同号时,被控量是朝偏离既定值方向变化。因此,当被控量接近定值时,反号的比列作用阻碍积分作用,避免积分超调及随之而来的振荡,有利于控制;而当被控量远未接近各定植并向定值变化时,则由于这两项反向,将会减慢控制过程。在偏差比较大时,偏差变化率与偏差异号时, 值取零或负值,以加快控制的动态过程。3 偏差变化率的大小表明偏差变化的速率,EC越大, 取值越小, 取值越大,反之亦然。同时,要结合偏差大小来考虑。4 微分作用可改善系统的动态特性,阻止偏差的变化,有助于减小超调量 ,消除振荡,缩短调节时间 ,允许加大 ,使系统稳态误差减小,提高控制精度

7、,达到满意的控制效果。所以,在E比较大时,K 取零,实际为PI控制;在E比较小时,K 取一正值,实行PID控制。 32 模糊PID控制器的设计常规PID控制器无法实现参数的在线调整,为此在常规PID的基础上加设模糊参数自整定控制器,使其根据系统的偏差的大小、方向、以及变化趋势等特征,通过Fuzzy推理作出相应决策,自动的在线调整PID的三个参数 ,以便达到更加满意的控制效果的目的。模糊PID控制器主要包括模糊参数整定器和变参数PID控制器两部分。模糊参数整定器有两个输入量:偏差E和偏差变化率EC;有三个输出量:参数K 、K 、K 。设在偏差论域E和偏差变化论域EC上及参数K 、K 、K 分别定

8、义了7个模糊子集PB(正大),PM(正中),PS(正小),ZE(零),NS(负小),NM(负中),NB(负大),采用归一化论域。隶属度函数均采用三角形对称的全交迭函数。并依据上文总结出的偏差及偏差变化率在不同阶段对系统动态过程的影响归纳出具体的模糊规则,其模糊规则如表1所示。其模糊推理采用MAX-MIN规则,解模糊化采用面积重心法(COG法)。在上文中,模糊参数整定器根据偏差和偏差变化率得到了三个调整值K 、K 、K 。在变参数PID控制器中,如何调整其三个参数的变化规则如下: 表1: 模糊控制规则( ) E EC NB NM NS ZE PS PM PB PB ZE/PM/PS ZE/PM/

9、PS NS/PB/ZE NM/PB/ZE NM/PB/ZE NM/PS/PS NM/PS/NB PM ZE/PB/NB ZE/PS/NB NS/PB/ZE NM/PS/NS NB/PS/NM NM/ZE/ZE NM/PS/NB PS PM/ZE/NB PS/ZE/NB ZE/ZE/NM NM/ZE/NS NM/ZE/NM NM/NS/ZE NM/ZE/NM ZE PB/NS/NS PM/NS/NS PS/NS/NS NS/NS/NS NM/NS/NS NM/NS/ZE NM/ZE/NM NS PB/ZE/NB PB/ZE/NB PM/ZE/NM ZE/ZE/NS ZE/ZE/NM NS/NS/

10、NM NS/NS/NM NM PB/PB/NB PB/PS/NB PM/PS/NM PS/PS/NS PS/PS/NS ZE/PS/NM ZE/PS/NM NB PB/PM/PS PB/PB/PS PM/PB/ZE PM/PB/ZE PS/PB/ZE ZE/PB/PS ZE/PM/PS 仿真研究 仿真之前首先需要建立数学模型。本文采用的数学模型为静力压桩机机身阀控缸的模型。仿真是在MATLAB中利用模糊控制工具箱和simulink控制工具箱来完成的。在模糊控制工具箱中能方便的实现此模糊控制思想。在进行模糊控制器的设定时,选择控制器类型为Mamdani型。液压同步控制为一个具有非线性的系统。先采

11、用数字PID控制,得到一组液压缸1、2的单位阶跃响应曲线,如图2 :a所示。然后采用模糊PID控制,就可得到另一组液压缸1、2的单位阶跃响应曲线,如图2:b所示。将两组曲线相比较,采用模糊PID控制器,两个液压缸的同步性能很好,具有良好的跟踪性能,而且上升快,过渡过程时间短,超调量减小等特点。 图2: a 采用数字PID控制的典型的主从位置同步系统的单位阶跃响应 b 采用模糊PID控制的改进的主从位置同步系统的单位阶跃响应 5 结论 静力压桩机的升降同步控制是实现其自动化的一个重要课题之一。本文探讨了采用模糊PID控制器和一种简单的同步方案来对同步液压缸进行控制的方法。仿真结果表明,该控制算法

12、既保证控制的快速性,又提高了系统的跟踪精度,并且具有较好的鲁棒性能。参考文献1涂群章 龚列航 挖掘机工作装置模糊参数自整定PID控制 矿山机械 1999,11 2李卓等 基于Fuzzy推理的自调整PID控制器 控制理论与应用 1997,4 3施光林等 液压同步闭环控制及其应用 机床与液压 1997,4 4诸静等 模糊控制原理及应用 北京:机械工业出版社. 1995.5 5. 薛定宇 控制系统计算机辅助设计 清华大学出版社 1996.11Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He h

13、as freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite

14、- Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the pri

15、vatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging f

16、rom a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sa

17、t at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am

18、 also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeli

19、ng his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded s

20、upersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic desc

21、ent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level o

22、f the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boun

23、dary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling

24、 an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Sk

25、ydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If

26、he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chu

27、te successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no

28、parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索
资源标签

当前位置:首页 > 教育教学 > 成人教育


备案号:宁ICP备20000045号-2

经营许可证:宁B2-20210002

宁公网安备 64010402000987号