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1、The Translation of Idioms,成语的翻译,武飞 胡平 陈安梅,What is a idiom?,Idioms are words,phrases,or expressions that cannot be taken literally.In other words,when used in everyday language,they have a meaning other than the basic one you would find in the dictionary.Every language has its own idioms.,Idioms,set
2、phrasesProverbsSayingsEpigramsslang expressionsColloquialismsquotations,固定短语谚语名言，格言警句俚语俗语引语，语录,Background information,Idioms culture 1.Differences of comparison(比喻)中国人常常用成语“雨后春笋”来形容一般事物的迅速发展和大量涌现。英语则用just like mushroom(犹如蘑菇一样众多)来形容同样的意思。竹子不是英国土生土长的植物，甚至连bamboo(竹)这个词也是引进的外来语。因此，英国人不可能以竹笋作成语的形象来比喻。,E.
3、g.Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.杀鸡取蛋。Look for a needle in a haystack.大海捞针。Like a rat in a hole.瓮中之鳖。No smoke without fire.无风不起浪。A good conscience is a soft pillow.日间不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。Neither fish nor fowl.非驴非马。,2.Differences of custom(风俗习惯),狗对于英国人来说，既可以用来看门或打猎，也可视作人的伴侣和爱物。所以英国人对狗一般有好感，常用来比喻人的
4、生活。E.g.：dog ones steps跟某人走lucky dog幸运儿Love me,love my dog.爱屋及乌。Every dog has his day.凡人皆有得意的日子。但是，dog受外来文化的影响，有时也含有贬义。例如：He is in the doghouse.他名声扫地了。He was a bit of a dog in his younger days.他年轻时过着花天酒地的生活。,中国民间虽然有养狗的习惯，但一般在心理上却厌恶鄙视这种动物，常用来形容和比喻坏人坏事。E.g.：狗胆包天monstrous audacity狗急跳墙。A cornered beast w
5、ill do something desperate.狗嘴里吐不出象牙。A filthy mouth cant utter decent language.,直译 Literal translation意译 free translation 套译 equivalent translation,Means of translation of the idioms,1.Literal translation,直译法指在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的条件下，在译文中保留英语的比喻、形象和民族及地方色彩的方法。例如：show ones cards 摊牌armed to the teeth 武装
6、到牙齿a wolf in sheeps clothing 披着羊皮的狼Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔。He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。,I.Literal translation,strike while the iron is hotflowing past in an endless streamto serve like a dog or a horseas easy as turning over ones handto r
7、ack ones brainwalls have earsthe style is the mancastle in the air,趁热打铁川流不息犬马之劳易如反掌绞尽脑汁隔墙有耳文如其人空中楼阁,I.Literal translation,open the door to a dangerous foeabove averagebe shamed into angermisfortunes never come singlea heart of stonefight against ones own menknow like the back of ones handones hair s
8、tand on end,引狼入室出类拔萃恼羞成怒祸不单行铁石心肠同室操戈了如指掌毛骨悚然,2.Free translation,在不可能或没有必要用直译法保留英语成语的表达形式，并且也找不到相应的汉语成语以套用时，就可以配合上下文进行意译，以保证原作思想内容的完整性。E.G.：a bed of roses安乐窝play a good game手法高明at all hazards孤注一掷carry ones head high趾高气扬rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨play ones last card采取最后手段Dont cross the bridge till you get
9、 to it.不必担心过早。,6.Keep a dog and bark oneself.家有佣人而自己干活；做自己下属应做的工作。7.One mans meat is another mans poison.对甲有利的未必对乙也有利。8.Let sleeping dogs lie.勿惹麻烦。9.Let things slide.顺其自然。10.Lies have short legs.谎言是站不住脚的。,3.Equivalent translation,Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation althoug
10、h its definition,relevance,and applicability within the field of translation theory have caused heated controversy,and many different theories of the concept of equivalence have been elaborated within this field in the past fifty years.套译就是直接用汉语中某些相对应的习语翻译英语的习语。在很多情况下，英语习语在汉语中都可以找到在形象上、意义上和文化内涵上都相应的
11、对等语。这种方法是最理想的译法。,II.套译法,make no figurekeep ones nose cleanmeet trouble halfwaywhats done is donelook for a needle in a bundle of haymake a mountain out of a molehillneither fish nor fowlfish in the airbeyond cure,深藏不露明哲保身杞人忧天木已成舟大海捞针小题大做不伦不类水中捞月不可救药,II.套译法,live under ones roofmake someone turn in hi
12、s graveput someone in sbs shoesto spend money like waterthe experienced knows the ropesto show ones true colorsto set the wolf to keep the sheepa mouth that praises and a hand that killsadd insult to injury,寄人篱下死不瞑目设身处地挥金似土老马识途原形毕露引狼入室口蜜腹剑落井下石,English Proverb,I.直译法1.There is no rose without a thorn.
13、没有不带刺的玫瑰。2.An old dog will learn no new tricks.老狗学不出新把戏。3.A good dog deserves a good bone.好狗应该得好骨头。4.Bad workmen often blame their tools.拙匠常怪工具差。5.Its a long lane that has no turning.路必有弯。,English Proverb,6.He who laughs at crooked men should need walk very straight.笑别人驼背的人得自己首先把身子挺直。7.One swallow d
14、oes not make a summer.一燕不成夏。8.There is no smoke without fire.无火不起烟。9.Too many cooks spoil the broth.厨子多了煮坏汤。10.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。,English Proverb,II.意译法1.Ill news comes apace.好事不出门，坏事传千里。2.He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。3.Great mi
15、nds think alike.英雄所见略同。4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。,English Proverb,5.Destruction pursues the great.树大招风6.He who knows most speaks least.大智若愚7.Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置8.Curses come home to roost.害人害己9.A bad conscience is a snake in ones heart.做贼心虚,English Proverb,10.Like
16、cures like.以毒攻毒11.In time of peace prepare for war.居安思危12.Poor mens words have little weight.人微言轻13.Creep before you walk.循序渐进14.There is many a slip between cup and the lip.没有绝对把握的事。/事情常常节外生枝。,English Proverb,15.Absence makes the heart grow fonder.久别胜新婚。16.The tailor makes the man.人靠衣装，佛靠金装。17.More
17、 hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。18.Care kills a cat.忧能伤身。19.Empty vessels make the most noise.无知的人爱自吹。,English Proverb,20.You cant make crab walk straight.江山易改，本性难移。21.A good conscience is a soft pillow.不做亏心事，不怕鬼敲门。22.A word spoken is past recalling.君子一言，驷马难追。23.What you lose on the swings you get ba
18、ck on the roundabouts.失之东隅，收之桑榆。24.Great oaks from little acorns grow.千里之行，始于足下。,False friend,Break a legLiteral meaning:I command you to break a bone in your leg and you should probably go to the doctor afterwards to get it fixed.Idiomatic meaning:Do your best and do well.Often,actors tell each oth
19、er to“break a leg”before they go out on stage to perform.,1 可以直译的成语,中国文学和政论作品中大量使用了一些非常形象的比喻成语。其比喻的本体和喻体有着很强的关联性。其中一些与英语的说法没有很大的文化差异和障碍。这类成语可以字面直译。,引狼入室,直译：to bring the wolves into the house/fold(羊圈)意译：to invite disasters“是些什么人呢？干这引狼入室的勾当！”“Whoever they are,they are letting the wolf into the fold!”,
20、如坐针毡,直译：to feel as if sitting on a cushion filled with needles意译：to feel terribly uneasy套译：on pins and needles 且说林冲在柴大官人东庄上，听得这话，如坐针毡。Lin Chong,however,was in the east village of the Lord Chai and when he heard all the talk of him,it was as though he sat on a cushion filled with needles.,调虎离山,直译：to
21、lure the tiger out of the hills意译：to lure the enemy from his base“我中了他的调虎离山计啦！”“Ive fallen for his luring the tiger out of the hills scheme!”,Stories of idioms,Give a lick and a promise 敷衍搪塞英国民间传说。至少两个世纪以前有一只猫，它的脸常常脏的很，每当别的猫要它洗脸时，它就用舌头很快添一下，然后说保证下次一定添干净，但实际上总是敷衍了事。如：you didnt wash your hands;you jus
22、t gave them a lick and a promise.,Give a lick and a promise,成语翻译和成语故事,敷衍搪塞Give someone the runaround,你根本没有洗手，只不过敷衍了事。,You didnt wash your hands;you just gave them a lick and a promise.,Bury the hatchet偃旗息鼓 埋下斧子。北美殖民时期，英国殖民者残忍地屠杀印第安人，有的印第安人被放在柴堆上活活烧死，殖民者甚至剥下死难者的头皮，谁剥的多，谁的功劳大。他们有时为了欺骗和麻痹印第安人，也会和某个部落讲和
23、。在和谈仪式上，印第安人会把斧头埋在地下作为休战的表示。例：they had been enemies for ages,but after a fight they buried the hatchet.,Bury the hatchet,成语翻译和成语故事,休战和好,他们敌对多年，但一场搏斗后却和解了。,They had been enemies for ages,but after a fight they buried the hatchet.,Generally,when we translate idioms,we can get a lot of fun from this process,actually.Thus,I strongly suggest that you guys are gonna try to get to more about it.,Read the related chapter,
