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1、Unit 3 Computers,第 一 讲,MAIN CONTENTS,1.核心词汇,2.句子控,3.Have a try,PART ONE Vacabulary Phrase,核心词汇,calculate vt.计算；估计；预测,教材P18原句 I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.,calculation n.计算；估计 calculator n.计算器,calculate on/upon 指望；打算calculated that.预测It is calculated that.据估算,1642年，我在法国诞生时是一台计算器
2、。,即学即用,(1)Mary always_ the cost of goods before she buys them.玛丽总是在买东西之前先估算好价钱。(2)Mr.Li _ it would take him three hours to get to Shenzhen.李先生估计他要花三个小时才能到达深圳。(3)What I said yesterday _ you.昨天我说的话不是有意伤害你的。,calculates,calculated that,was not calculated to hurt,be calculated to do 打算做；故意做,have a lot/a
3、great deal/much in common 有很多共同之处,have nothing/little in common 没有/几乎没有共同之处行,教材P18原句 From then on,I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.,from then on 从那时起 fromon从时起,1.from that day on 从那天起 一般过去时 2.from now on 从现在开始 3.from today on 从今天开始 一般现在/将来时 4.since then 从那时以来 现在完成时,从那以后，我在体型和智力上都迅速成长。,a
4、s a result 结果 其后常为表示结果的句子,教材P18原句 As a result I totally changed my shape.,as a result of adv.由于；作为的结果result in 导致，结果是result from 起因于；由造成,结果，我的形状完全改变了。,applicant n 申请人，申请者；,教材P18原句 Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.,application n.应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；,an application of sth.某物的应用 a
5、n application for sth.对某物的申请 make an application to sb for sth 向.申请.,自20世纪70年代以来，我又被开发出许多新的用途。,apply vt.申请；涂，敷；应用 vi.申请；涂，敷；适用；请求,applyto.把应用到.,apply for 申请.,apply to 适应于.应用于.,apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物 apply oneself to(doing)sth 专心于（做）某事,教材P18原句 In 1936 my real father,Alan Turing,wrote a book abou
6、t how I could be made to work as a“universal machine”to solve any difficult mathematical problem.,solve v.解决；解答；溶解,solve a problem/a mystery/difficulties 解决一个问题/一个谜/困难,solution n.解决方法；答案 a solution to sth.某事的解决方法resolve v.解决,在1936年，我真正的父亲艾伦图灵写了一本书，介绍了怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。,reality,教材P18原句 However
7、,this reality also worried my designers.,virtual reality 虚拟现实 face/accept reality 面对/接受现实 escape from reality 逃避现实 in reality 实际上,n.现实；实际；真实,然而，这一现实也让我的设计师感到担忧。,realize v.意识到；实现 realistic adj.现实的；逼真的 realism n.现实主义,anyhow adv.无论如何；不管怎么说；胡乱地,教材P18原句 Anyhow,my goal is to provide humans with a life of
8、high quality.,（1）anyhow 作“无论如何，尽管如此”讲时，为句子副词，相当于anyway，一般位于句中（其前常有连词but）或句末。,（2）anyhow 作“况且，更何况；再说”，anyway和anyhow一样，都用作状语，用来对前边的话作补充。anyhow常出现在句首或最后的分句之首（位于分句之首时其前常有连词and），而不可出现在句末。（3）“粗心地；随意地”，在作此意解时，只能用anyhow。,无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。,（1）I am not feeling quite well but I will attend the meeting tomo
9、rrow _.我觉得不太舒服，但明天的会我无论如何会参加。（2）His books were arranged _ on the floor.他的书乱七八糟摊了一地。（3）I might fail,but_I insist on doing it,I dont mind.A.howeverB.anyhow C.yetD.meanwhile,anyhow,anyhow,B,即学即用,goal n.目标；球门，得分数；终点,score a goal 进一球 set a/ones goal 树立目标，确立目标 keep goal 守门 reach/realize ones goal 达到/实现目标,
10、goalkeeper n.守门员,go by（时间）逝去,教材P18原句 As time went by,I was made smaller.,go after 追逐；追求go ahead 先走；进行 go for 努力获取；争取得到 go through 经历；遭受；通过go against 反抗；与不符 go over 反复研究；仔细检查go in for 爱好；参加考试/竞赛,随着时间的流逝，我变得越来越小。,教材P20原句 to work out the answer to a problem.找出问题的答案。,work out 解决；计算出；制定出；设法弄懂；锻炼,break ou
11、t 爆发；突发 look out 注意；当心 give out 分发，发出 point out 指出，指明 leave out 遗漏，不包括；run out 用完；耗尽；,PART TWO Sentence,句子控,it took nearly two hundred years before I.before 引导的时间状语从句,1.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.P18,我发育
12、缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。,It takes/took+一段时间+before从句“”。It will/wont be+一段时间+before从句（从句常用一般现在时）“”。It was/wasnt+一段时间+before从句（从句常用一般过去时）“”。,Make a comparison,之后才,.要过一段时间后才/用不了一段时间就.,.过一段时间后才/没过一段时间就.,句中的 as 是连词，引导 从句，意为“”或“”。表示“随着”时，也可以用with,但with后只接名词短语。,2.As time went by,I was made smaller.
13、P18,随着时间的推移，我被制造得越来越小。,时间状语,一边一边,随着,句中的 that 引导 从句，解释happiness的内容。同位语从句中的名词一般是抽象名词，常见的有：,3.I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race.P18,我现在充满了幸福，因为我是人类忠实的朋友和帮手。,同位语,belief,conclusion,desire,fact,idea,thought等。,by the time 引导的时间状语从句。意为：到.时候如果从句用一般过去
14、时，主句通常用过去完成时。如果从句用一般现在时或现在完成时（表将来），主句常用将来完成 时。表示“截止将来某一时间，主句动作已经完成”。如果主句不强调动作已经完成，只说明某个时候的状况（谓语是be,know,find等），主句往往根据实际需要选时态，此时相当于when。,4.By the time I was sixteen,my dream had come ture.P20,在我16岁的时候，我的梦想实现了。,现在分词可以在句中作时间，原因，条件，让步，伴随，方式，结果等状语。与句中逻辑主语构成_.现在分词一般式表动作与句中谓语动作同时发生；现在分词完成式表动作先于句中谓语的动作发生。现在
15、分词前可有while,when,unless,though,if 等连词。,主谓关系,5.Now I am working in a computer company designing new programs for computers.P20,现在我在一家电脑公司工作，为电脑设计新的程序。,What he said made all of us laugh.他的话让我们大家都笑了。Please speak louder to make yourself heard.请大声点，以便大家都能听到。The news of his death made us sad.他死亡的消息使我们难过。We
16、 made Tom our monitor.我们让他当我们的班长。,make sb do sth,6.make+宾语+宾语补足语(要弄清宾补的含义),make sb done,make sb adj.,make sb n.,第 二 讲,MAIN CONTENTS,1.核心词汇,2.句子控,3.Grammar,4.Have a try,教材P23原句 For example,I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good
17、 shot for a goal.,signal vi&vt.发信号；示意；表示 n 信号；标志；指示灯,signal to sb for sth 向某人示意某事物 signal sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 a(n)danger/warning/alarm signal 危险/警告/报警信号 signal of.的标志/信号,例如，我已经学会了当我对面没人防守并有机会射一个好球时，用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。,signal常指约定俗成、用于传达某些信息的信号，也指灯光、声音或信号标志。,sign用法最广，可以指符号，也可以指情绪、性格的直观显示，还可以指具体的用于识别或指示
18、的标志，如指示牌、卡片等，借喻作“征兆；迹象”讲。,mark含义广泛，指事物留下的深刻印记，比sign更侧重于区别性或指示性的标志。,symbol指被人们选出的物体或图案，用来代表另一事物，作为该事物的标记或象征。,(1)Dont fire until I _.等我发出信号后再开枪。(2)He _ to the waiter for the bill.他示意服务员结账。(3)A red light is a _danger.红灯是危险的信号标志。(4)The soldiers are hiding in the trees and waiting for the _to start firin
19、g.A.mark B.signal C.sign D.symbol(5)Rose is considered to be a_of love.A.mark B.signal C.sign D.symbol,signal,signalled,signal of,B,即学即用,D,consist of 由组成,consist in 在于，位于,arise(arose,arisen)vi.出现;发生;上升;起身;起床,教材P23原句 Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.,arise from 由而引起，由
20、而产生；从中产生when/if the need arises 如果有必要,然后她准备好可靠的动作，在新情况出现时使用。,作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为以下抽象名词：argument/problem/quarrel/question/movement。,易混辨异 arise,arouse,rise,raise,(1)我本来想事情会很容易，但是出现了许多问题。I thought it would be easy,but a lot of problems_.(2)事故由粗心大意引起。Accidents_carelessness.(2)我早上起得很早。I _ early in the mo
21、rning.,have arisen,arise from,arose,即学即用,in a way 在某种程度上,教材P23原句 In a way our programmer is like our coach.,by way of 经由，途经 all the way 一路上；一直；完全 by the way 顺便说 in no way 决不，无论如何都不 in the way 妨碍；挡路 give way(to)让步，屈服 on the way 在途中 in this way 以这种方法 on ones way(to).在某人去的路上,在句中做状语，与 in one way、in some
22、 ways、to some extent 同义,在某种程度上，我们的程序员就像我们的教练。,make up 创作；编写；编造；组成；和解；化妆；补上,教材P23原句 In this way I can make up new moves using my“artificial intelligence”.,make up for 弥补；补偿 make fun of 取笑；捉弄 make out 理解；辨认出；填写；make it 获得成功；准时到达；赶上 make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通 make full/good/the best use of 充分利用,这样，我就可以用我的“
23、人工智能”编出新的动作。,教材P23原句 After all,with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything,using my intelligence is what Im all about！,help sb.out 帮助某人渡过难关/摆脱困境 help oneself to 自用（食物）；擅自取用 cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事 cant help but do sth.只好做某事,在的帮助下,毕竟，在我从不忘记任何事情的电子大脑的帮助下，利用我的智慧就是我的全部!,句中作状语；=w
24、ith ones help,with the help of sb/sth,教材P24原句 This means that it should clean the house,mop the floors,cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.,deal with 处理；涉及；做生意,deal n.a good/great deal of+不可数名词“大量的；很多的”,“处理；对付”what.do with how.deal with,这意味着它应该打扫房子，拖地板，做饭和处理电话.,教材P24原句 It should also watch
25、 over my naughty niece,who comes to my house very often.,watch over 看护;照看;监视；照管,watch out(for)注意；小心；提防 keep(a)watch on 监视；注视,它还应该照顾我那淘气的侄女，她经常来我家。,PART TWO Sentence,句子控,本句中的while watching.是连词+分词短语作时间状语。省略了she is.,1.She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.P
26、23,她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我们的程序。,1.当主从句的主语相同，且从句中谓语含be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。2.当从句主语是it,且谓语含be动词时，可把it和 be动词一起省略。构成“连词(if,unless,when)+adj/adv”结构。,动名词作主语：1.动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。2.在以no good,no use等词作表语的句子，it作形式主语，真正的主语动名词移到后面。3.动名词作主语表示抽象的行为；不定式作主语表较具体，个别的，一次性的或具有将来意义的行为。What 引导的表语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。,2.After all,
27、with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything,using my intelligence is what Im all about!P23,不管怎么样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切。,1.从时起2.结果3.如此以致于4.在某种程度上5.在的帮助下6.处理；安排；对付7.看守；监视8.共有；共用9.弥补10.毕竟,from.on,as a result,so.that,in a way,with the help of,deal with,watch over,in common,make
28、 up,after all,重点短语再现,PART THREE Grammar,语 法,be+过去分词,被动语态的基本结构:,有各种时态的变化,现在完成时被动语态的结构:have/has+过去分词,have/has been done,PART THREE,Have a try!,解析：above all最重要的是。句意为：我哥哥坚强、勇敢，最重要的是诚实。,典例精讲1My brother is strong,brave and,honest.A.above allB.at all C.in allD.after all,A,解析：make up for弥补。句意为：努力工作能弥补才智上的不足
29、。,2Working hard can a lack of intelligence.A.make fromB.take up C.make up forD.make out,C,解析：develop冲洗（相片、胶卷）。,3John the photograph which he had taken.A.washedB.watered C.developedD.created,C,解析：who引导定语从句修饰Anyone。,4Anyone breaks the law will be punished.A.whichB.who C.whenD.he,B,解析：at the thought of
30、.一想起。,5.the thought of her lost money,she would burst into tears.A.In B.For C.To D.At,D,解析：match指颜色上的搭配；suit指衣服、鞋子 等在花色、款式美观上的“适合”，其宾语多为 somebody;fit指尺寸、大小适合。,6The shirt your blue trousers.A.matchesB.fits C.suitsD.hits,A,解析：be able to用于过去时，表示“经过努力做成某事”。,7.Luckily,I buy the ticket yesterday.A.was abl
31、e toB.could C.am able toD.could be able to,A,解析：certain常用在“It is certain that.”句型中；而sure常用在“Sb.be sure(that.)”句型中。,8It is that Tom will win first place in the next game.A.certainB.sure C.certainlyD.surely,A,解析：the way作先行词时，其后面的关系词有三 种形式：that,in which或省略关系词。,9The teacher said he didnt like the way I
32、read books.A.whichB.in which C.on whichD.by which,B,解析：the other day几天前。,10 we watched an exciting movie by Jakie Chen.A.Some day B.The other day C.A day D.Other day,B,解析：考查冠词。第一个空特指宇航员翟志刚迈出的“一小步”，第二个空是泛指概念，说明这一小步在中国太空梦想上是一个历史性的飞跃。,11 small step by Zhai Zhigang,Chinas first spacewalker,has been hist
33、oric leap in Chinas space dreams.A.The;aB.A;the C.The;/D.A;/,A,解析：on ones way to sth./doing sth.即将成为（做），其中to是介词，后接动词的-ing形式。,12He is on his way to a doctor after having finished his 4 years study in the university.A.becomeB.becoming C.becameD.having become,B,解析：such.that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以致”，that是连接词，在从
34、句中不作任何成分。句意为：这个新故事以如此简单的英语写成，就连初学者都能读懂。C项是as引导的定语从句，as是关系代词，在从句中要作主语或宾语，而此题中的从句不缺主语或宾语，若把it去掉，选C项也正确。,13The new story is written in easy English even beginners can understand it.A.such;thatB.so;that C.such;asD.too;that,A,解析：anyhow是“不管怎么说”的意思，根据后边的“try every possible means to come to the party”可知。eve
35、n though即使，尽管；if so如果这样；instead代替；而不。,14.I am not sure whether I will have anything else to do tomorrow.,I will try every possible means to come to the party.A.Even thoughB.Anyhow C.If soD.Instead,B,解析：句意为：去年暑假，他教我们怎样应对毒气。taught后接宾语从句，应用陈述语气，又因为deal with“应对”应与how连用，故选C项。,15.Last summer he taught us poisonous gas.A.how did we deal with B.what did we deal with C.how we dealt with D.what we dealt with,C,THANKYOU,
