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1、,Noun Clause:Functions as a NOUN in a sentence.,Question:What is the function of a noun in a sentence?名词在句中可以充当什么成分?,Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences:1.The world loves nature.2.Knowledge is power.3.We Chinese are peace-loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,
2、apposition,predicative,What are noun clauses?His story is interesting.What he said is interesting.I heard his story.I heard what he said.I listen to his story.I listen to what he said.This is his story.This is what he said.The idea of going there is good.The idea that we go there is good.,Subject cl
3、auseObject clauseObject clause after a prepositionPredictive clauseAppositive clause,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句subject clause,宾语从句object clause,表语从句predicative clause,同位语从句apposit
4、ive clause,What kind of clauses are they?,What the driver of the yellow car did made me extremely angry.Why she did this is still unknown.Its hard to forget what we have learned in his classes.Please dont tell my mother when Ill give her my gift.,Thats why I cant follow you.The problem is that its v
5、ery hard to catch your words.The fact that he tells lies all the time makes us surprised.There is no doubt that it will rain tomorrow.,Im not sure whether you would like it or not.She felt very surprised that I finished it all by myself.I have no idea where he is.Please tell us the truth how many pe
6、ople were drowned in the flood.,The novel tells that the truth always takes the side of the majority of people.I cant explain why he behaves like that.How he finished doing that is not important.Where we will go hasnt been decided yet.,名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that/whether/as if(though);连接代词:what/who/which/wh
7、ose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。,连词:引导从句，但在从句中不作成分 that：无词义，不作成分，起连接作用whether/if：“是否”不作成分，起连接作用 If只用于宾从中as if(though)：“好象”只连接表语从句连接代词：引导从句，并在从句中作成分What（ever）：（无论）什么，作主，宾，表，定语which（ever）：（无论）哪一个（些）作主，宾，表，定语Who（ever）：“（无论）谁（主格）”作主，宾Whom（ever）：“（无论）谁（宾格
8、）”作宾 whose（ever）：“（无论）谁的，作定,连接副词:引导从句，作状语 When（ever）：“什么时候”作状语 where：“什么地方”how：怎样why：为什么从句中用陈述句序：疑问词+陈述句语序,Finish exercise on page 9(textbook):underline all the noun clauses you can find,（1）名词性从句构成有3种,That+陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all.,b.if/whether+陈述句No one knew if/whethe
9、r he lost his sight because of an accident.,c.疑问词+句子的剩余成分 This is what we are looking for.,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序,(1)that 和whether/if引导的从句,She sensed something.A tall man in a dark coat was staring at herShe sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.,She wondered.Would the bu
10、ses still be running?She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.,(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he
11、live?(),F,T,T,F,1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1).he will succeed is certain.2)he will go there is not known.3)he said is not true.4)he hid the money is to be found out.5)comes is welcome.6)Its certain he will succeed.,7)we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.,8)theyll start the project has not
12、been decided yet.,That,Whether,What,Where,Whoever,that,How,When,由 that 引导:1.That we shall be late is certain.2._ is known to all.(地球是圆的)3._ is a pity.(你错过了这次机会)that 无意义,后接一个完整的句子.that 不可省,That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,考点一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:That w
13、e shall be late is certain.-Its certain that we shall be late.1.That the earth is round is known to all.-2.That you missed the chance is a pity.-由连词 whether 和 if,连接代词 what,who,which 和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导.也 常常后置:,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round
14、.,It doesnt matter if/whether he is a foreigner.It is a question whether he is willing to come.It is unknown how she has reduced her weight in such a short time.,It 的用法：（形式主语）It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/reported that.据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared that.已经
15、通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧.Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所周知）/a common saying.（俗话说）,It is well known/reported/thought/said that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtfulthatIt is a pity/a shame/an honour/thatIt doesnt matter whetherIt seems that I
16、t happens that,考点二注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定What he needs _is_ that book.What he needs _are_ some books.,宾语从句,宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）连词：that,whether，if（that 常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when where why how1).They know that the habit will kill them.2).It all
17、depends on whether they will support us.3)I am afraid that he didnt call me.4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.,用if 或whether 填空,1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomo
18、rrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.,whether/if,whether,whether,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.eg:I dont know whether I will stay or not.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,2.注意whether和if的使用区别,1.It depends on _ we will have enough money.2._
19、 they can do it matters little to us.3._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without you.,whether,Whether,If,2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that 从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.eg:We must make it clear that we mean what we say.I dont think it right that you leave home without telling your parents.b.由连词and连接的两个由
20、that引导 的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.eg:He told me（that）he would come and that he would come on time.,3.时态一致（主从句中一致）1）.当从句表达的是客观事实，真理，自然现象时，从句通常用一般现在时。2）在“命令，要求，建议”等相关词后的名词性从句中常用虚拟语气（suggest.advise）,宾语从句的时态呼应,1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.He believes _.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Please tell me
21、 _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher tells us _,he was preparing for the examination,He had been away from his
22、 hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line.,1.The fact is _ she doesnt like pop music.2.My trouble is _ I dont have enough experience.3.The question is _ he will be present or not.4.What troubled him was _ he could get the money.,The predicative clause is also easy!,that,that,whether,w
23、hether/where/how,3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that/whether/as if/as though（if 不引导 表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：when/where/why/how/because,The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.
24、Thats why I was late.,because,as if 也可引导表语从句:1.He is absent today.Its _ he is seriously ill.2.It looks _ its going to rain again.True or False:Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns.Her suggestion is that we do it by turns.,because,as if,4 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth
25、；problem；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether,1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2)Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.,3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to m
26、ake sure of her happiness.,三、同位语从句的引导和辨别,1.同位语从句的格式：n.+连接词+从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用 whether,what,when,where 等来引导同位语从句。,1.I have no idea _ he comes from.2.He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestion
27、s _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5.I have some doubt _ he will win.,that/whether/where/how,where,how,that,that,whether,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was
28、on a three-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.,4.Time travel is possible./There is no scientific p
29、roof for the idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./Many British parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too muc
30、h time online.,_,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.,引导名词从句的关联词。,分析下列宾语从句中的连词,I dont doubt（that）you will succeed.I dont know whether/if he
31、 will come tonight.I doubt if/whether you will keep your promise.,3个句子中的连词that,whether,if（是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词注意：a.that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether 和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if 仅可以用于宾语从句。,连接词,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。
32、引导多个并列宾语从句时，引导第一个宾语从句“that”可以省 It is/was because.这是因为 It is/was why.这就是为什么3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.4 The reason is because/why,that.,另外，在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,填空:1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent is _ he was ill.,reason 后面的表语从句只能用tha
33、t 引导,不能用why 引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。,综合运用：,The earth is round,_ is known to everybody.,as/which,2._ is known to everybody,the earth is round.,As,3._ the earth is round is known to everybody.,That,4._ is known to everybody that the earth is round.,It,5.Everybody knows _ the earth is round.,
34、that,6._ surprised us very much that our teacher left without a word.,It,7._ surprised us very much was that our teacher left without a word.,What,Choose the correct sentence from each pair:,He said(that)he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldnt understand.He said(that)he couldnt tell you
35、right away and you wouldnt understand.Just then I noticed,for the first time,our master was wearing his fine green coat.Just then I noticed,for the first time,that our master was wearing his fine green coat.,I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.I must never tell anyone I could not
36、 see the cloth.We think it important that we study hard.We think it important we study hard.,Whether he will accept your offer,I dont know.If he will accept your offer,I dont know.I think that he will not appear.I dont think that he will appear.,Whether she comes or not doesnt concern me.If she come
37、s or not doesnt concern me.When and where we will go are still not known.When and where we will go is still not known.,I wish I saw you yesterday.I wish I had seen you yesterday.The doctor suggested that she rests for a few days.The doctor suggested that she rest for a few days.,考点二:虚拟语气 subjunctive
38、 mood.,Its high/about time that I leave.Its high/about time that I left.It is demanded that he(should)leave at once.It is demanded that he left at once.,1.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for2._he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.
39、The fact D.The matter3.All finished,we sat down to enjoy _ we thought the most delicious dinner.A.that B.which C.what D.it,历届高考题,4.Mr Mike didnt understand _ made his wife so upset this morning.what was it B.why it was this C.how that was D.what it was that5.I wonder_.who of them should I elect B.wh
40、o of them I should elect C.which of them should I electD.which of them I should elect,6.It was not until dark _ he found _ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.that;what B.that;that C.when;what D.when;that7.Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that c
41、onnected Siberia and _ more than10,000 years ago.A.this is Alaska B.Alaska is now C.is now Alaska D.what is now Alaska,8.-Is this factory _ the false wine was made?-Yes.And also the one _ used to sell forged cigarettes.the one;where B.that;that C.what;which D.where;that 9._Do you think _ we should d
42、o to improve our English?A./;what B.What;that C.What;/D.How;that10.The argument remained extremely heated_ there are necessary conditions of existence such as water on the Mars.A.that B.whether C.if D.about which,11.Youd better give the task to _ you think can succeed in carrying it out ahead of tim
43、e.A.whomever B.no matter who C.anyone D.whoever12._turn color and fall to the ground is a sign of winter.A.That leaf B.That leaves C.Those leaf D.Those leaves13.Your shoes are_.A.where they were B.the place you put C.in the corner that you put D.there they are,14.The boy dived into the water and aft
44、er_ seemed to be a long time,he came up again.A.that B.what C.it D.which15.When Christopher Columbus reached _is now the USA,he called the people of the new world“Indians”.which B.what C.where D.the place where16._he was ill,I was expected to take his place greatly surprised me for I didnt have much
45、 experience.A.If B.If that C.That D.That if,17.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.why B.what C.who D.that 18.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.whichever B.howeverC.whatever D.whenever19.Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and
46、_ it is rough or smooth.A./B.whether C.how D.what,20._ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.What is required B.What requiresC.It is required D.It requires21.Great changes have taken place in that school is no longer _ it was 20 years ago,_ it w
47、as so poorly equipped.what;when B.that;whichC.what;which D.which;that,22.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.which;where B.at which;whichC.at which;where D.which;in which23.Mum is coming.What present _ for your birthday?you expect she has
48、 got B.you expect has she gotC.do you expect shes got D.do you expect has she got,24.-Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?-I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;thatC.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what 25.Do you have
49、 any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?A.that B.what C.as D.which,26.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether27.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.why B.where C.what D.how 28.A modern
50、 city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.where,29.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.where B.what C.that D.how30._ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.It
