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1、我国实验动物福利法律问题研究 我国实验动物福利法律问题研究 Research on the Laws of Experimental Animals Welfare in China 【中文摘要】 实验动物福利是社会进步和经济发展到一定阶段的必然产物,体现了人与动物协调发展的趋势,也符合我们构建和谐社会的理念。实验动物福利既涉及动物保护,又涉及国际贸易,还与社会自身的发展有关,实验动物福利立法已不仅是一个观念问题,它是社会进步和经济发展到了一定阶段的必然产物,体现了一个国家社会文明的进步程度。保护动物、善待生命不仅是所有善良人的愿望,也是社会走向稳定和文明的重要因素,更关系到一个国家在国际上的
2、形象。因此我们应当更新观念,在充分结合我国国情的前提下,完善我国现行的实验动物福利法规,并加快我国实验动物福利法立法工作。本文运用比较分析和历史与现实分析的方法,从我国实验动物福利现状入手,总结了我国实验动物福利法规存在的立法级别较低、实验动物法律地位不够明确、对残害实验动物行为的法律制裁不足、法律条文的可操作性差以及与国际规范相脱节等问题。鉴于此,本文深入分析了完善我国实验动物福利法规的必要性与可行性。通过借鉴欧盟、美国、澳大利亚以及日本等国家的实验动物福利法的先进立法经验,提出了完善我国实验动物福利法规的对策:对策一,首先提出了转变立法观念、明确实验动物法律地位,细化实验动物法规条文、增强
3、其可操作性以及与国际规范相接轨等完善我国实验动物福利法规的建议,并针对我国实验动物福利的现状提出了完善实验动物福利保护的监督机制;对策二,即可以在恰当的时期出台一部适合我国国情的实验动物福利法,内容包括:立法依据,即中华人民共和国宪法中华人民共和国环境保护法、刑法以及一些行政法规、部门规章和地方性法规中所规定的相应的法律条文;立法目的,即保障实验动物免受额外的痛苦,保障实验动物获得与其环境协调一致的心理、生理健康,保障物种多样性和生态平衡,促进实验动物科学的进一步发展,协调人与自然的关系保护生态环境:立法原则,即五大自由原则、“3R”原则、专业人员与公众共同参与原则和与经济发展相适应原则:实验
4、动物福利法应包含的内容:实验目的、许可证申请、实验人员、对动物的照顾和居住环境、实验程序、实验信息的公布和法律责任。最后得出结论,即只有以关怀人类生存和发展为立法归宿,用理性规范人的行为,健全立法,才能从根本上谋得实验动物的福利和人类社会的和谐【英文摘要】 The welfare of experimental animals is the necessary product of social progress and economic development,which reflects the tendency of harmonious development between huma
5、n and animals,as well as the idea of constructing harmonious society.The welfare of experimental animals relates to such fields as animal protection,international trade as well as the self development of society.The legislation of the welfare of experimental animals is not only an issue of thought,b
6、ut also the necessary product of social progress and economic development,and it reflects the progress level of civilization in a certain nation and society. Protecting and cherishing animals is not only the desire of all the people with kindness,but also the important factors in relation to the sta
7、bility and civilization of a society,as well as the international image of a nation.So,we should renew our thought to consummate the present laws and regulations of the welfare of experimental animals and quicken the legislation of the welfare of experimental animals in the precondition of the prese
8、nt situation of China. This thesis refers to the methods of comparative analysis and analysis of history and reality, proceeds with the present situation of the welfare of experimental animals in our country,and summarizes such problems that exist in China as the lower legislation level of the laws
9、and regulations of the welfare of experimental animals,unspecific legal status of experimental animals,the poorer feasibility of the laws and regulations and out of joint with the international standard.On the basis of it,this thesis deeply analyzes the necessity and feasibility of consummating the
10、laws and regulations of the welfare of experimental animals.By referring to the advanced legislation experience on the welfare of the experimental animals in such countries as EU,the USA,Australia and Japan,It put forward the solutions to consummate the laws of welfare of experimental animals in Chi
11、na:first,it puts forward some suggestions of consummating the laws of welfare of experimental animals in China,such as transferring the legislation idea,specifying the status of experimental animals,refining the laws and regulations of experimental animals,strengthening its feasibility and jointing
12、with international standard.On the basis of the present situation of the welfare of experimental animals,it comes up with the supervising mechanism of consummating the protection of the welfare of experimental animals,as well as the ethic evaluating system of establishing experiments of animals.Seco
13、nd,it puts forward that we can enact a law of welfare of experimental animals adapting to the state situation of China at proper time,which contains such content as: legislation basis,that is,Constitution of Peoples Republic of China,Environmental Protection Law of Peoples Republic of China,Criminal
14、 Law of Peoples Republic of China,and some other laws and rules in administrative laws,department rules and local regulations,it puts forward the legislation aim of the law of the welfare of experimental animals,that is,to protect the experimental animals from the extra suffering,accelerate the deve
15、lopment of science,and ensure that the experimental animals can gain the physical and psychological health in accordance with its living surroundings,ensure the variability of species and ecological balance,promote the harmonious development between human and nature,and it also confirms that the bas
16、ic principles of the laws of the welfare of experimental animals are the five-freedom principle,“3R”principle,the principle of the participation of the professionals and the public, and the principle of in accordance with the economic development.In the specific provisions, according to the welfare
17、conditions and living surroundings of the experimental animals,it states some contents in details,such as the application of license,the purpose of the experiment, the staff of the experiment,the caring and living surroundings of the animals,the experiment procedure,and the publication of the experi
18、ment information.And finally,it reaches out the conclusion:only with the caring of the human existence and development as the legislation aim, to regulate human behaviors with logos and complete the legislation,can we basically gain the welfare of the experimental animals and the harmony of human so
19、ciety. 【中文关键词】 实验动物; 动物福利; 实验动物福利 【英文关键词】 experimental animals; animal welfare; experimental animals welfare 【毕业论文目录】 我国实验动物福利法律问题研究摘要 3-4 Abstract 4-5 1 绪论 8-12 1.1 研究背景 8 1.2 研究目的和意义 8-9 1.2.1 研究目的 8 1.2.2 研究意义 8-9 1.3 国内外实验动物福利立法现状 9-12 1.3.1 国外立法现状 9-10 1.3.2 国内立法现状 10-12 2 我国实验动物福利现状及实验动物福利法规的缺
20、陷 12-16 2.1 我国实验动物福利现状 12-13 2.2 我国实验动物福利法规的缺陷 13-15 2.2.1 立法级别较低 13 2.2.2 实验动物的法律地位不明确 13-14 2.2.3 对残害实验动物行为的法律制裁力度不足 14 2.2.4 法规条文不明确且可操作性差 14-15 2.2.5 与国际规范相脱节 15 2.3 本章小结 15-16 3 完善我国实验动物福利法的必要性和可行性 16-21 3.1 完善我国实验动物福利法的必要性 16-17 3.1.1 科学发展的需要 16 3.1.2 社会文明发展的需要 16-17 3.1.3 与国际相接轨的需要 17 3.2 完善我
21、国实验动物福利法的可行性 17-20 3.2.1 中国传统文化为实验动物福利立法奠定了思想基础 17-18 3.2.2 实验动物福利立法已具备一定的基础 18-19 3.2.3 实验动物管理体系比较健全 19 3.2.4 国外的先进经验为我国提供了有力的借鉴 19-20 3.3 本章小结 20-21 4 国外实验动物福利法介绍及对我国的启示 21-34 4.1 欧盟的实验动物福利法 21-27 4.1.1 欧盟实验动物福利的基本法律 21-24 4.1.2 欧盟其他法律专门文件的规定 24-25 4.1.3 欧盟成员国的补充或者突破性规定 25-27 4.2 美国的实验动物福利法 27-30
22、4.2.1 实验动物福利法律 27-28 4.2.2 实验动物福利法规 28-29 4.2.3 实验动物福利指南 29-30 4.2.4 非政府性质的评估认证 30 4.3 澳大利亚的实验动物福利法 30-31 4.3.1 政策陈述 30-31 4.3.2 实验操作 31 4.4 日本的实验动物福利法 31-32 4.4.1 发展概况 31 4.4.2 管理模式 31-32 4.4.3 法律、法规和指南 32 4.5 国外实验动物福利法对我国的启示 32-33 4.5.1 实验动物福利法的制定要适合我国国情 32-33 4.5.2 动物福利立法应具有单向性的特性 33 4.5.3 实验动物福利
23、法是人与动物的双赢 33 4.6 本章小结 33-34 5 完善我国实验动物福利法的对策 34-47 5.1 对策一:完善我国现行的实验动物福利法规 34-38 5.1.1 转变立法观念 34 5.1.2 明确实验动物的法律地位 34-35 5.1.3 细化实验动物福利法规条文并加强其可操作性 35-36 5.1.4 完善实验动物保护的监督机制 36-37 5.1.5 与国际相接轨 37-38 5.2 对策二:适时出台一部专门的实验动物福利法 38-46 5.2.1 立法依据 38-39 5.2.2 立法目的 39-40 5.2.3 立法原则 40-42 5.2.4 实验动物福利法应包含的内容 42-46 5.3 本章小结 46-47 结论 47-48 参考文献 48-51 攻读学位期间发表的学术论文 51-52 致谢 52-53
