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1、Report on feasibility study on a socio-economics and biodiversity network in support of the control of HPAI and other emerging or re-emerging transboundary animal diseases in AfricaCheikh LyAnthony MugishaSimbarashe SibandaFunso SonaiyaJanuary 2009Feasibility study on a socio-economics and biodivers
2、ity network in support of the control of HPAI and other emerging or re-emerging transboundary animal diseases in Africa CONTENTS1.INTRODUCTION11.1Outline of the Document11.2Background11.3Rationale for the Study11.4Objectives of the Study32.APPROACH TO THE STUDY33.EXISTING EXPERIENCE43.1Similar Netwo
3、rks43.2Focus and Activities of Existing and Past Networks73.3Services and Products of Existing Networks73.4Value Addition of Existing Livestock Networks83.5Challenges Faced by Existing Networks93.6The Need for a Socio-economics and Biodiversity Network113.7The Gaps to be Filled by a Socio-economics
4、and Biodiversity Network124.OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMICS AND BIODIVERSITY NETWORK134.1Objectives of the Proposed Network134.2Proposed Activities144.3Members of the Proposed Socio-economics and Biodiversity Network164.4Targeted Audience174.5Expected Outcomes185.INSTITUTIONAL ARRAN
5、GEMENTS FOR SEBNET185.1Organization of the Network185.2Governance of the Network195.3Institutional and Hosting Arrangements196.PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SEBNET PROGRAMMES227.FUNDING ARRANGEMENTS AND COSTS237.1Funding Arrangements237.2Costs of Setting up and Running the Network237.3Financial Man
6、agement248.CONCLUSIONS249.BIBLIOGRAPHY25ANNEX: LIST OF CONTACTS27ABBREVIATIONSA-AARNET ASARECA-Animal Agriculture Research Network AFENETAfrican Field Epidemiology Network AHEADAnimal Health for the Environment and Development ALiveAfrica Partnership for Livestock Development, Poverty Alleviation an
7、d Sustainable Growth ASARECAAssociation for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central AfricaASFAfrican Swine FeverAU-IBARAfrican Union Inter-African Bureau for Animal ResourcesCAADPComprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme CAHNETCommunity Animal Health Network CBPPConta
8、gious Bovine PleuropneumoniaCCPP Contagious Caprine PleuropneumoniaCEBEVHIRACommunaut Economique du Btail, de la Viande et des RessourcesHalieutiquesCEEACCommunaut Economique des Etats de lAfrique CentraleCEMACCommunaut conomique et Montaire de lAfrique CentraleCIRDESCentre International pour la Rec
9、herche et Dveloppement de lElevage en Zone SubhumideCORAF/WECARDConseil Ouest et Centre africain pour la Recherche et le DvelopementAgricole /West and central Council for Agricultural Research and DevelopmentCRESCentre Rgional dEtudes ScientifiquesDADNetDomestic Animal Diversity Network ECAPAPAEaste
10、rn and Central Africa Programme for Agricultural Policy AnalysisECTADEmergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases ECOWASEconomic Community of West African StatesFANRFood, Agriculture and Natural Resources FANRPANFood, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis NetworkFAOUnited Nations F
11、ood and Agriculture Organization FMDFoot and Mouth DiseaseGATTGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and TradeGTFCAGreat Limpopo Trans-Frontier Conservation Area HPAIHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ICT Information and Communications TechnologyIDRCInternational Development Research CentreIGADInter-Government
12、al Authority on Development INFPDInternational Network for Family Poultry Development ILRIInternational Livestock Research InstituteLTCLivestock Technical Committee MDGMillenium Development GoalMoUMemorandum of UnderstandingND Newcastle DiseaseNEPADNew Partnership for Africas Development NARSNationa
13、l Agricultural Research SystemsPAAPPolicy Analysis and Advocacy ProgrammePACEPan-African Control of EpizooticsPMUProject Management Unit PPR Peste des Petit RuminantsRAHCRegional Animal Health Centre RECRegional Economic Communities/CommissionsREPACRseau pour la Promotion des Animaux cycle CourtRESE
14、COPRseau Socio-Economie et Production pour la Sant AnimaleROATARseau Ouest Africain de la traction Animale RVFRift Valley FeverSADCSouthern African Development Community SAPASouthern African Poultry Association SEANPRENSouthern and Eastern Africa Policy Research Network SEBNetSocio-Economics and Bio
15、diversity NetworkTADsTrans-boundary Animal Diseases UEMOAUnion Economique et Montaire Ouest-Africaine/ West AfricaEconomic and Monetary UnionUOFAUnion des Organisations de la Filire AvicoleUSDUnited States Dollar VPHVeterinary Public HealthWASAPWest African Society for Animal ProductionWHOWorld Heal
16、th OrganisationACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe acknowledge the contribution by Dr Anni McLeod and the Socio-economics Team at the FAO Headquarters for their technical backstopping and input throughout the feasibility study. We would like to recognise the efforts by various individuals and organisations in the th
17、ree sub-regions who contributed in facilitating the consultative process. Special recognition to the FAO-ECTAD Unit Managers and their staff in Nairobi, Bamako and Gaborone, who were instrumental in organising the consultative workshops in their sub-regions. Our appreciation to Dr Ahmed Elsawahly, A
18、cting Director, AU-IBAR, for availing the AU-IBAR conference hall free of charge for use during the Nairobi workshop. We are highly appreciative of the understanding and the patience exhibited by the various stakeholders in the whole consultative process. We are also grateful for the support rendere
19、d by the staff of FAO Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa in Addis Ababa, for arranging meetings with the various stakeholders in Ethiopia. Lastly but not least, we would like to thank Dr Rene Bessin, Benjamin Billiard and all their colleagues at The World Bank Headquarters for their technical an
20、d logistical support. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYBackgroundThe cost of an outbreak of a transboundary animal disease such as HPAI can be devastating on livestock producers, consumers and other value chain players. The possible impact of such an outbreak includes market disruption and loss of livelihoods, stru
21、ctural changes to the industry and wide scale depopulation of livestock, leading to erosion of genetic diversity. Therefore, the control of outbreaks of TADs should be efficient, safe and environmentally sound, while minimising damage to livelihoods. In order to effectively control outbreaks of TADs
22、, it is necessary to ensure adequate financing, provide support systems to farmers and other value chain agents and timely information for planning and implementing TADs control measures. There has been no comprehensive analysis on the long term costs and impacts of the control of HPAI and other eme
23、rging and re-emerging TADs in Africa. There are limited skills and knowledge and a mismatch between the sources and users of information on the impact of TADs control on socio-economics and biodiversity. It has been suggested that a network may be a highly effective organisational form to produce, a
24、ccess and influence the use of such complex information. Therefore, the ALive Partnership and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), have been consulting on the feasibility of setting up a network on socio-economics and biodiversity for improved control of TADs in Africa. This led to the commi
25、ssioning of this feasibility study. The objectives of the study were to review experiences from past and existing networks, define objectives and possible activities of the proposed network, describe the structure, organisation and institutional arrangements, impact and sustainability of the propose
26、d network and the costs and financing mechanisms.Approach to the studyThe study was conducted through a stakeholder consultative process, comprising a review of literature on existing networks and related experiences, visits to selected countries in three sub-regions of Sub-Saharan Africa (West and
27、Central Africa, Eastern Africa, and Southern Africa), meetings with international, regional and sub-regional organisations, e-conferences and one stakeholder workshop per sub-region. Existing network experienceThere have been many livestock and animal health-related networks in the three sub-regions
28、. The networks have promoted livestock production, control of transboundary animal diseases, regional harmonization of animal health management, veterinary public health and food safety control systems in order to improve trade in livestock and livestock products. However, hardly any of the networks
29、 have been involved in socio-economics and biodiversity information or studies, leaving a gap in information that could support policies and plans on TADs control. Most stakeholders were in support of the idea of setting up a facility to provide information on socio-economics and biodiversity.The ex
30、isting networks offer a number of services and products to their members, including information dissemination and exchange through conferences, meetings, scientific publications, setting up of livestock information systems, training and capacity building, research prioritization and coordination and
31、 resource mobilisation for joint research programmes.Stakeholders offered some insights into factors that determine the success and sustainability of networks and the pitfalls that a network on socio-economics and biodiversity would need to take into account. These included good governance, politica
32、l support at the highest level of organizations, a focused and urgent agenda, participation of stakeholders, an effective convenor, alignment of network and stakeholder strategies, simple organisational structure, effective information dissemination and sustainable funding mechanisms, among others.O
33、bjectives and activities of the proposed networkThe objective of a network on socio-economics and biodiversity in support of the control of emerging and re-emerging TADs such as HPAI is to provide timely and accurate information that would facilitate member states and the sub-regions to formulate an
34、imal health policies and plans that would allow livestock to make a significant contribution to economic development, food security and improved livelihoods of livestock keepers. The networks focus will be on the following activities:Strengthen the capacity of institutions and human resources in soc
35、io-economics and biodiversity at sub-regional and national levelsCommission studies on the impact of TADs control on socio-economics, biodiversity and livelihoods of peoplePromote harmonization of animal health and TADs control policies and proceduresPromote environmental impact assessment of TADs c
36、ontrol measuresPromote conservation of endangered livestock genetic linesPromote information exchange and networkingSet up a system of advocacy to influence animal health and TADs control policies and plansMobilize and disburse funds for projects and other network activities.Membership of the propos
37、ed networkThe membership of the proposed network should be widened to include, not only socio-economists, but other disciplines such as veterinarians and epidemiologists, animal scientists, anthropologists, conservationists, environmental experts, livestock producers and representatives of other val
38、ue chain agents such as farmer organisations and the private sector. The main audience of the networks activities would be ministries of agriculture and/or livestock, national veterinary services, regional officers in RECs dealing with agricultural/livestock policies, universities, national research
39、 and extension organisations, international research institutions, international organisations involved in livestock development activities, livestock producers, processors and traders.Institutional arrangements for the proposed networkSub-Saharan Africa has such marked differences among its sub-reg
40、ions that it would not be efficient to have a single network on socio-economics and biodiversity. The approach would be to have one network in each of the sub-regions of West and Central Africa, Eastern Africa and Southern Africa. The sub-regional networks would be supported by strong national chapt
41、ers or platforms. AU-IBAR has the mandate for control of major transboundary livestock diseases, improvement of genetic and feed resources, development of livestock information, communication and technology, enhancement of trade and marketing of livestock and livestock products, quality assurance of
42、 livestock and products of animal origin and harmonisation of livestock related policies and the legal framework. However, AU-IBARs preferred operational mode is through the RECs in observance of the principle of subsidiarity. Therefore, AU-IBAR would facilitate effective coordination and networking
43、 among the three sub-regional networks and disseminate information of regional interest.The network would be governed by a constitution, with a steering committee providing oversight. In order for the network to be accepted by policy makers, the steering committee would include representatives of AU
44、-IBAR, RECs, FAO, relevant official structures at sub-regional and national levels, in addition to other members and value chain agents.The preferred long-term institutional arrangement for the networks is to incorporate socio-economics and biodiversity issues into existing structures within the sub
45、-regions in RECs or other existing sub-regional and international structures, for example, epidemiology and information networks. However, in order to give full attention to the new networks and to circumvent capacity challenges in existing sub-regional structures, an interim arrangement would be to
46、 set up each sub-regional network as a project for up to two three-year phases. This would be followed by incorporation of the network into existing structures once the networks were running.The project would have its own staff in the project management unit (PMU) which would act as the secretariat
47、of the network. The PMU could be hosted at any suitable sub-regional, national or international organisation within each of the sub-regions. For now, indications are that the Regional Animal Health Centre or the FAO regional/sub-regional office could host the network in West and Central Africa, while FAO-ECTAD may be a strong contender in Eastern Africa. A similar arrangement as in West and Central Africa could be considered in the SADC, although a project could be set up under the Livestock Programme of the SADC, with the Livestock Tech
