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1、试析老人与海的悲喜色彩AbstractTerse words, vivid images, copious emotions and profound thoughts were the outstanding features of The Old Man and the Sea. The novella was one of Hemingways masterpieces, which solidly confirmed the renown of him and made him one of the most influential writers in American histor
2、y.In this novel, two opposites existing side by side depended on each other and were unified, namely, Hemingway created the delightful characters and plots. On the other hand, he created tragic ambience in the whole novel. People could find the plot of tragedy from the old man. At the same time, the
3、y could also feel the inspiring strength from him; the big marlin lived in the Gulf Stream, a place far away from the old man, but it was doomed to be a tragedy when the old man went far out. It fought against the old man for three days and nights which was also inspiring. This thesis has analyzed t
4、he old man and the big marlin separately to demonstrate that they contained both delightful and tragic facets, which brought about the novels success and novelty. The combination of the two facets was the soul of the whole story and gave the novel oneness.Key Wordstragedy; delightfulness; failure; s
5、uccess 摘 要海名威以其简洁的文字，鲜明的形象，丰富的感情和深刻的思想成就了著名的老人与海。牢固确立了他在美国历史上的地位，使他成为美国历史上最具影响的作家之一。小说中存在两个对立面，这两个对立面同时也是相互依存、统一的。即海明威在作品创作中既创造了让人感到振奋的角色和情节，又让其带有了一定的悲剧色彩。人们从老人身上既能读出悲哀的情节，也能感到一股鼓舞人心的力量；大马林鱼生活在遥远的海湾，它碰上了老人是它命运的悲剧，但它与老人三天三夜的拼搏精神也是鼓舞人心的。本课题分别对小说中的老人、大马林鱼做了详细的分析，论证了老人、大马林鱼集悲喜于一体，展示了小说的成功之处和新颖之处，这样的悲与喜相
6、结合是小说的灵魂，赋予了小说统一性。关键词 悲剧性；令人愉快；失败；胜利 IntroductionHemingways story began by depicting the interaction between the two primary characters as they prepared their fishing gear for the following day near a Gulf Stream harbor in 1940s. The opening profile was Santiago, the “old man” in the title, and the
7、character throughout the story. He was a Cuban fisherman, described as being old in every way except his eyes, which “were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated”（Hemingway, 4）. Although Santiago had not caught a fish for eighty-four days, he ignored the jeers and pity of other f
8、ishermen, and returned to the sea in his skiff day after day. Santiagos attitude seemed to be that although he was faced with tragedy - as everyone was sooner or later in life - he would not cease struggling. Relying on memories of his youth, news of the Great DiMaggios recovery from injury, and tho
9、ughts of the boy, Santiago had the courage to resolutely go on taking pains throughout the story. By struggling against a big marlin for three days and nights, he finally killed it. But several groups of sharks frequently attacked the dead marlin on the way. He did not take the whole of it back at l
10、ast but just its head, tail and the whole spine. This novel has been studied by so many people and given different perspectives as follows: Iceberg Theory Embodied in the Old Man and the Sea:“One eighths of an iceberg is above the water, while seven eighths is underneath the water. Profound levels o
11、f meaning and strong emotions will not enchant you until you dive into the water”(Guo Xiaozheng, 15). Analysis on Metaphor Used in the Novel:“Ernest Hemingway employed metaphors. In the novels that Ernest Hemingway wrote, he used metaphors to reflect his life experiences and opinions. He believed th
12、at in life everyone must find their own niche and used the metaphor of the ocean and the boats on it to demonstrate this”(Gao Wei, 78).The Role of Manolin and His Relationship with Santiago:“Conversations between Santiago and Manolin were added to the beginning and the end of the fishing tale. The c
13、onversational frame established a relationship between Manolin and Santiago which made Santiago complete his significant exploration and return with marlin carcass”(Tao Jie,120). The Old Man Was the Incarnation of Christ:“ The old man had experienced two processes of being nailed by the crucifix. Th
14、ese plots showed he had no difference with that of Christ”(Wu Lao, 4).Analysis of Heroism Reflected in The Old Man and the Sea:“ He hooked a big marlin. This was one of his successes. He drove away the sharks from time to time on his way home even though his fish was almost eaten up by the sharks. T
15、his was his second success- the success in spirit”(Gao Wei, 80). Studies about these aspects mentioned above were really deep and comprehensive. They gave a lot of references to readers and helped them with comprehension this novel. The opinions were reasonable, receivable and valuable. However, few
16、 people have talked about the tragic ambience blended harmoniously in this novel. They had even ignored one thing- everything has double characters. This novel was actually a combination of the tragic and delightful facet. The characters in the story contained the two aspects which were oppositions
17、in logic, but unity seen from the whole story. So this thesis will give the novel new soul and provide another way of appreciating it to millions of readers. . The Tragic Ambience in the Old Man and the SeaHemingway used terse language to describe a real story, vivid images and wonderful plot. The s
18、tory still contained a lot of tragic things although the old man had succeeded in spirit at last and his spirit was inspiring and valuable to people. The old man and the big fish were two separate individuals which were closely related. Their fate could not be separated from each other. They had tra
19、gic destiny because of the affection to each other from their existence. They were both tragic characters in the whole story and made people feel sentimental in that circumstances. Additionally, Hemingway created this ambience unconsciously because his life was filled with tragedies. So it showed on
20、e aspect of the authors life and could not be separated from it.A. Analysis of the Old Man for the Tragic Ambience.1. The Tragic Ambience Could Be Found in the Old Mans Daily Life. The tail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat(Hemingway, 4). The style
21、 of the tail described by Hemingway reflected that Santiago was in straitened circumstances. He lived in a shack that was made of the tough bud shields of the royal palm in which there was just a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal(Hemingway, 10). The shack w
22、as so small that his mast was nearly as long as it. This living condition made people feel miserable. The old mans wife had died several years ago which could be inferred from the story. The shack looked more forlorn and the old man felt lonelier because he lived in it alone. Once there was a photog
23、raph of his wife on the wall. He did not want to look at it because it made him feel lonely so that he had to put it away to avoid sorrow.He could not depend on any one even though he did not hook a fish for eighty four days in such a loveless circumstance. He had no money to buy food and could not
24、afford the cost to eat in the restaurant as other people did. Fortunately, Manolin, the young boy Santiago taught to fish from the age of five,still took care of the old man after he left. This kind of life was so pathetic that no one, who had heard his present condition, could feel at ease for him.
25、 As Santiago, alone in his boat, rowed out to the sea, he saw twice a bird. The second time he saw it, he uttered some words to let the bird stay with him so that it could be his friend on the sea to accompany him. This showed that he was lonely in his boat and how eager he was to have a companion e
26、ven if it was just a bird. However, he did not keep the bird staying with him. It flew away when the line jerked and the old man had not even seen it go. In addition, it was a principle for the fishermen that people should not speak any word except when it was necessary. The old man broke this princ
27、iple by speaking aloud several times unconsciously to the bird, the marlin, the sharks and himself .This was also tragic ambience during the period when he was on the sea.2. The Tragic Nature-People and Objects Around the Old Man Brought to Him. Most of the fishermen considered the sea as a while th
28、e old man considered it as a female. He thought it was gentle and soft and forgave the wild or wicked things it sometimes had done. But it was unimaginable that it was the sea which he loved all along that brought groups of sharks continuously on his way home. The sharks followed him by blood of the
29、 dead fish and ate the fish indomitably. Moreover, they were ruthlessly destroyed the achievement of the old man gradually. Was this the favor that the sea had done the old man? He was a winner originally if these hateful sharks did not come to attack his fish, but the fact always came in a way that
30、 people did not expect. All that the sea brought to him was the things which made him an entire failure from a great success.The sea gave him a temptation that there would be several good days on the sea and it was advantageous for a fisherman to sail out with the ocean current. The old man thought
31、it was a good chance to hook a big fish evidently. He planed to go out with the help of the ocean current and then came back home several days later. He did so. To his gratification, he did hook a big marlin. However, he sailed too far and he had no assistant so that he could not protect the fish wh
32、en the sharks sent by the sea attacked it. He was destined to be a failure because of the seducement of the sea. This was a tragedy of the old man.Another one was the leaving of Manolin,a young boy whom Santiago taught to fish. Manolin had fished with Santiago when he was 5 years old. Manolin was Sa
33、ntiagos only loyal friend, always willing to obtain meals, coffee, and bait for the penniless old man, and, more importantly, to provide companionship. Despite his work in another boat Manolin still cared for the old man. He helped the old man a lot in the daily life such as eating, drinking, and he
34、 could only did this because he was forced to leave the old man by his parents citing the old mans fishless streak as the worst form of unluckiness. People around the old man had to do this to keep their lives going on although their work was endless. No one could care about this action and think it
35、 over. They were just busy with their own matters coldly and ruthlessly. The old man had to sail far out without the boy. He felt lonely and sometimes helpless on the sea. I wish I had the boy (Hemingway, 41)”, If the boy were here (Hemingway, 61)”, were the old mans often-said sentences when he was
36、 on the sea. He needed the boy to be his companion to talk with him when it was necessary and he also needed the boy to be his assistant when he needed help. So the leaving of Manolin and the ruthlessness of people around were the necessity to formation the old mans tragedy. 3. The Old Mans Tragic E
37、nding. The first tragic result that he received was to be sneered by the other fishermen in the Terrace after his eighty four days of failure in hooking fish. These young people were not warm to him. He was just a joke in their eyes. How about the older fishermen? Hemingway said in this novel like t
38、his: Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad. But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen (Hemingway, 3)”. Though the older fishermen felt sad for him, what
39、they did was not to comfort and encourag him, but to avoid talking about it. Maybe they did not want to show their fear about this truth. Maybe they feared facing the same situation one day. In a word, there was no one sympathizing with him except the boy.The second tragic result he got was that he
40、had not taken the whole fish back. The old man was pulled by the big marlin for three days and nights. He killed it at last because of his insistence. This was a perfect result. But this was not the final result. He was fermenting his own tragedy when he killed it. This tragedy took place when the g
41、roups of sharks came to attack the big fish. He had not taken the whole fish back home but just a head, a tail and the whole spine although he used all his strength to fight against the sharks and drove them away. Going far out for three days and nights, dealing with the big marlin for three days an
42、d nights, fighting against the groups of sharks on his way home, the old man got nothing at last. Was not it a tragedy?B. Analysis of the Big Marlin for Tragic AmbienceThe big marlin lived in the place far from the shore of Gulf Stream. People seldom sailed far out to the sea. So it lived in this va
43、st beautiful area and enjoyed freedom. It was growing stronger and stronger in this environment and would originally live happily until its death. However, the old mans sailing out changed its fate. This was the fishs tragedy. The marlin was a clever fish which had stratagems. It struggled against t
44、he old man for three days and nights working continuously. But the tragedy was that the old man it happened to meet with was a well-prepared and indomitable man so that it was inevitable for the fish to escape. This was the miserable scene: The old man dropped the line and put his foot on it and lif
45、ted the harpoon as high as he could and drove it down with all his strength, He felt the iron go in and he leaned on it and drove it further and then pushed all his weight after it(Hemingway, 97)”. However, this was not miserable enough. It was bound to the skiff after it died because it was too lon
46、g to be put into the skiff. This was the beginning of its bad luck. It was attacked by the sharks four times. In the first attack, the marlin was bit in the flesh just above the tail and the old man could hear the clicking chop of the sharks teeth and the noise of skin and flesh ripping on the big f
47、ish (Hemingway, 77)”. The marlin lost about 40 pounds of the meat this time. In the second attack, the two sharks bit the marlin ferociously on its body which caused the skiffs quake continuously. The marlin lost about 1/4 of its meat this time. In the third attack, the old man let the shark bite th
48、e big fish in order to kill the shark accurately. In the last attack, one of the sharks opened his jaws and sank them into the silver side of the fish (Hemingway, 87). The other shark came in again with his jaws wide. The old man could see pieces of the meat of the fish spilling white from the corne
49、r of his jaws (Hemingway, 87). After this attack, the big fish lost half of its flesh and had only a head, a big tail and the white naked backbone left. It suffered several attacks after its death, which was so miserable that everyone would cover his eyes at the first sight he saw the scene. What a tragic fate it had!C. The Tragic Ambience Connected with the Authors LifeHemingway had participated in World Warand World Warwhich changed his opinion
