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1、The Attributive Clause定语从句(一),句子的分类,简单句,主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+系动词+表语,并列句,表递进表转折表选择表因果其他,复合句,形容词性从句，即定语从句名词性从句,主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句,副词性从句，即状语从句,简单句基本类型.Things change.My sister will fix everything.She became a lawyer.He gave his sister a book.I found the book easy.Ill let him go.,主
2、谓,主谓宾,主谓双宾,主系表,主谓宾宾补,give sb sthsend sb sth,系动词（be动词，感官动词）常见的系动词有be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,grow,turn,become,stay,seem等,Attribute(定语),1.He is an honest boy.2.We love our country.4.She is a beautiful girl.,修饰；限定,honest,our,找出下列句中的定语。,beautiful,所谓定语，就是对名词或代词起修饰、说明、限制作用的句子成分。,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句
3、叫做定语从句（句意：“的”）被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定语从句,先行词,关系代词,关系词,关系副词:wherewhenwhy,定语从句,关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、that,定语从句的位置,定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后。,e.g.This is the car which he bought last year.,先行词,定语从句,关系代词,定语从句两种结构A.主句（先行词）+引导词+从句This is the pen t
4、hat I bought yesterday.以上画直线部分为主句，其中pen为先行词，斜体部分 为定语从句，整个定语从句修饰先行词pen.B.主句（先行词）+引导词+从句+主句部分The pen that I bought yesterday is made in Japan.A句型的特点是主句和从句分为前后两个部分，而B句型的特点是主句被从句隔开。,1.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾 语，做宾语时常可省略。1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.2)This is the pen(which)he bought yester
5、day.,2.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指 物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作 主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1)The person（that/whom）you introduced to me is very kind.2)Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia.,3.who指人，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省 略）The boys who are playing football are from Class One.A person who steals things is called a
6、thief.4.whom指人，作宾语(作宾语可省略，如 介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.,5.关系代词whose的用法whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。Whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语。,He is an excellent teacher,whose daughter studies abroad.,the daughter of whom studies abroad.,Have you seen a dictionary,.the
7、cover of which is blue?,whose cover is blue?,whose经常后接 n 指人时，相当于 n+of whom;指物时，相当于 n+of which.,He has a friend whose father is a doctor.=He has a friend the father of whom is a doctor2)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be re
8、paired.,关系代词的用法,人；物,物,人,人,(人/物)的,主语,宾语,主语,宾语,主语,宾语,宾语,定语,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,可省,不可省,1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,关系词的三个作用:,确定关系代词的步骤1.先找先行词，2.看先行词指的是人还是物。3.看关系词在从句中充当的成分。,预习内容检测：,找出下列句子中的先行词、关系词及定语从句。The teacher who you want to see has come.其中先行词是 其中关系词是其中定语从句是,He is the man whom I saw yesterday.其
9、中先行词是 其中关系词是其中定语从句是,who,The teacher,who you want to see,the man,whom I saw yesterday,whom,The film which we saw last night was wonderful.先行词（关系代词指代 做）Teenagers like to gossip,and they often see something that isnt real.(P6)先行词（关系代词指代 做）Several days later most of the buildings that had been damaged w
10、ere repaired.(P29)先行词（关系代词指代，做）This frightened boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.(P29)先行词（关系代词指代，做）We live in a house whose windows opens to the south.先行词（关系代词指代，做）,物,宾语,物,主语,定语,主语,人,物,物,定语,film,something,buildings,boy,house,1.The eggs _ I bought were not fresh.2.The f
11、riend _ came to supper last night was not hungry.3.The house _ window is broken is mine.4.The noodles _ you cooked were delicious.5.I dont like the people _ smoke a lot.,填空题,that/which,who/that,which/that,whose,that/who,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。,限制性定语从句中先行词为all,everything,any
12、thing,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代词.Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said?All that can be done has been done.,(2)There be句型中用that。ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.This is the first
13、time(that)I am in Beijing.,(4)先行词前有who或which等疑问词。Who is the girl that drove the car?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?,(5)当先行词既有人又有物。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.Look at the man and his donkey tha
14、t are walking up the street.(6)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the last,just,right等修饰。Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the very book that belongs to him.,1.He did all/everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the m
15、en and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,that,which or who?,that,that,that,t
16、hat,that,that,that,that,(1)紧跟介词作宾语This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.如果介词后置This is the house which/that Lu Xun lived in.(2)在非限制性定语从句中Bruce went toward the fire,which was still smoking.He came late again,which made theteacher angry,一般用which而不用that的情况。,只用who的情况,当先行词是those,she,he,they,one,ones,any
17、one,anybody等代词时，关系代词用who.He who knows others is learned,and he who knows himself is wise.知人者智，自知者明。Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who plays fire will burn themselves.玩火自焚,定语从句,定语从句,限制性定语从句,非限制
18、性定语从句,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:,限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开.非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。,限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句,形式上 不用“，”与主句隔开 用“，”与主句隔开,意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句失去意义或意思 表达不完整。只修饰名词或代 词。,译法上,关系词的使用上,只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思.既修饰一个词还修饰一个句子
19、。,译成先行词的定语“的”通常译成主句的并列句,1.作宾语时常省略 1.作宾语时不可省略,2.可用 that 2.不用that,3.可用who代替 whom 3.不用who代替whom,不同点,a.Abraham Lincoln,who led the United States through these years,was murdered on April 14,1865.b.He lives in another town,which is only about an hours ride from here.c.Soon they arrived at a farmhouse,in
20、front of which sat a small boy.,注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.作宾语时不能省略。,非限制性定语从句,Please compare:,1.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.2.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.3.The town where I live is beautiful.4.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful
21、.,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,1.I am reading Harry Porter._is an interesting book.2.I am reading Harry Porter,_ is an interesting book.3.The old man has two sons,and both of _ are doctors.4.The old man has two sons,both of _ are doctors.,which,It,them,whom,关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之
22、处。具体情况是：1、as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。He married her,as/which was natural.He is honest,as/which we can see.2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。As is known to all,China is a developing country.He is from the south,as we can know from his accent.Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times,which I dont believe.,Thank you,
