《新编英语教程第二册Unit4ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新编英语教程第二册Unit4ppt课件.ppt（97页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、UNIT 4,LanguageStructure,See the following sentences and pay attention to the grammar rules they use:,I would have liked to sign up,but I sprained my ankle.She should/ought to have had more oral practice during the term.She neednt have learned all the dialogues by heart.3.He may/might have gone with
2、out you.4.She cant/couldnt have gone to the library.She must have gone to the language lab.5.You may/might as well use my bike.,I would have liked to sign up,but I sprained my ankle.would+perfect infinitive to expressing“unfulfilled wish”Use the structure to make sentence following the given cues.I
3、intend to go skating with you yesterday but I couldnt because my mother didnt let me.I would have liked to go skating with you yesterday,but my mother didnt let me.I meant to sit in on Prof.Xins class this morning but I didnt because I had an important meeting to attend.I would have liked to sit in
4、on Prof.Xins class this morning,but I had an important meeting to attend.,2.She should/ought to have had more oral practice during the term.should/ought to+perfect infinitive expressing“unfulfilled obligation”Use the structure to make sentence following the given cues.The exhibition was a good one.A
5、ll of us visited it except John.John should/ought to have come with us.They bought a book for Mary but she didnt like it.They oughtnt to/shouldnt have bought the book for Mary.,She neednt have learned all the dialogues by heart.neednt+perfect infinitive expressing“unnecessary past actions”Use the st
6、ructure to make sentence following the given cues.I wrote a summary in more than five hundred words.But the teacher only asked for 200 words.I neednt have written such a long summary.Mary went to the station an hour before the train started.Mary neednt have gone to the station so early.,3.He may/mig
7、ht have gone without you.may/might+perfect infinitive indicating“speculations about past actions”Use the structure to make sentence following the given cues.Where is Susan?I want to go to the canteen with her.She may/might have gone there already.Ive been looking for my bicycle key for three days,an
8、d its still nowhere to be found.You may/might have lost it.,4.She cant/couldnt have gone to the library.can/could not+perfect infinitive indicating“negative deduction about past actions”Use the structure to make sentence following the given cues.Where is my type writer?Someone must have stolen it la
9、st night.It was here a moment ago.It couldnt have been stolen last night.Who brought the refrigerator upstairs?Perhaps it was Tim.Tims not that strong.He couldnt have brought it by himself.,She must have gone to the language lab.must+perfect infinitive indicating“affirmative deduction about past act
10、ions”Use the structure to make sentence following the given cues.The film he saw last night was wonderful.He must have enjoyed seeing it.He looks tired,doesnt he?He must have worked hard./He must have stayed up late last night.,5.You may/might as well use my bike.may/might as well+perfect used with
11、the 2nd person pronoun expressing“suggestions”Use the structure to make sentence following the given cues.A stranger want to go to the nearest bus station,but you do not know either.You might as well ask the policeman there,Im a stranger here.Jim has caught a bad cold.You may as well to see a doctor
12、.,Language points:1.sign up for(签字)报名参加 e.g.Ive signed up for a computer course at a local college.Im thinking of signing up for a yoga course.sign in 签到(表示回来了)sign out 登记离开 sign off(宣布)停止广播 sign on(宣布)广播开始 sign up to do somethinge.g.Over half the people who signed up to do engineering were women.,2
13、.sprain v.to damage a joint in your body by suddenly twisting itsynonym twiste.g.I fell down the steps and sprained my ankle.sprain ones wrist扭伤了手腕sprain ones ankle 扭伤了脚裸sprain n.a painful wrenching or laceration of the ligaments of a joint.扭伤一种疼痛的接合韧带的拉伤或扭伤e.g.He got a foot sprain in his ankle.,3.o
14、bligation n.1)a social,legal,or moral requirement,such as a duty,contract,or promise that compels one to follow or avoid a particular course of action 义务，责任社会、法律或道德要求，如强迫某人服从或避免某些特定行为的义务、合约或诺言 2)A course of action imposed by society,law,or conscience by which one is bound or restricted.行为规范被约束或限制社会、
15、法律或良心强加的行为e.g.We are under an obligation to help.cf.obligation,duty,right,4.detail n.1)particulars considered individually and in relation to a whole:细节独立考虑并与整体信息相关的细节：e.g.Give me all the details of the accident tell me what happened in detail.给我说说事故发生的详情，详细告诉我发生了什么事。2)A minute or thorough treatment
16、 or account:详情：went into detail about his travels.详述其旅行 go into detail(s)详述,逐一细说 in(great)detail/for further details为了知道详细情况,5.handout n.hand out sth.v.1)food,clothing,or money given to the needy 施舍物送给那些需要者的食物、衣服或钱2)a folder or leaflet circulated free of charge 传单或免费散发的印刷品 3)a prepared news or publi
17、city release 准备好的新闻或宣传材料,6.whereabouts 1)n.approximate location:大概所在地e.g.Her present whereabouts are still unknown.The escaped prisoners whereabouts is/are still unknown.2)adv.About where;in,at,or near what location:在哪里；在地方或靠近所在e.g.Whereabouts do you live?你住在什么地方?Whereabouts did I leave my bag?7.may
18、/might as well(用来提出建议等)不妨,还是e.g.Since weve got so far with it,we may as well finish the job.,DialogueI,Why are big cities in China facing heavy environmental protection pressure these days?What is the common practice to solve environmental problems?Is there enough attention paid to the environmental
19、 protection in remote areas?Why?Or Why not?What is the fundamental way to solve environmental problems?,VOA,Now listen to a report about solving environmental problems.Try to answer the following questions.,Pollution Control,Pollution Control,DialogueI,Could you give me an example of pollution?What
20、do you think it affects?How is the pollution problem in China?In your opinion,what kind of problem is the most serious in China at present?Whats your opinion on the failure of pollution control in China?What is responsible for it?Do you know the story of“blind woman”,if not,could you imagine the sto
21、ry?,Think it,DialogueI,Pictures,Pollution Control,Pollution Control,DialogueI,water pollution fish die,rivers and lakes dry up,water with strange colour and awful smell,shortage of drinking waterland pollution insecticides and pesticides,barren land,soil erosion,desertation,deforestation,sandstormsa
22、ir pollution noise,fumes and exhaust,deletion of ozone,global warming,Think it,When I was last in London,it had one of the thickest fogs in years.You could hardly see your hand in front of your face.Cars and buses ran very slowly with their lights on,and their horns made a terrible noise.When evenin
23、g fell,it got even worse.All traffic came to a stop.Since I had a very important meeting on the other side of the town,I decided to walk.Minutes later I was lost.Then I heard a young womans voice coming out of the fog.“I think you are lost.Can I help you?”I could hardly see her,but I was very glad t
24、o find another person out in the fog.I explained where I wanted to go and she said she knew very well how to get there.As I followed her through the dark streets,I wondered how she found her way so easily.“I know this part of London quite well.”she answered,“But in such a fog it is difficult to see
25、anything,”I said.“With the fog or without the fog,it is the same to me.You see,I am blind,”she answered.,DialogueI,1.What was it like in the past in London?2.Why is London no longer a city full of fog?3.How did people there solve the problem of pollution?,Questions,Browse through the text,try to ans
26、wer following questions.,Pollution Control,DialogueI,Please read the dialogue loudly with feeling and expression.,Read,Pollution Control,Language Points,Its about a blind woman.to his home in a dense fog.,in a dense fog 浓雾 in a fog:1)in a thick cloud of very small drops of water in the air2)a state
27、of confusion e.g.Im quite in a fog as to what you mean.dense:a dense population 稠密的人口a dense crowd 挤满的人群,1,Dialogue I,Language Points,Ive always thought of London as a city full of fog.,think of as=regard as认为某人或某事 be thought of as 被认为是e.g.Dont think of me as being lonely;I have the company of books
28、.,2,Dialogue I,Language Points,London is no longer like that.,=not any longere.g.The extra workers wont be needed any longer.Its no longer a secret.,3,Dialogue I,Language Points,the Clean Air Act was enforced in 1956.,to make people obey a rule or lawenforce a law/ban etc e.g.Governments make laws a
29、nd the police enforce them.Parking restrictions will be strictly enforced.,4,Dialogue I,Language Points,The Thames is swarming with fish.,Thames:A river of southern England flowing about 338 km(210 mi)eastward to a wide estuary on the North Sea.Navigable for large ships as far as London,it is the pr
30、incipal commercial waterway of the country.In its upper course above Oxford it is often called Isis.西蒙斯河流程约338公里(210英里)的南英格兰河，向东流向北海宽湖三角湾。巨轮航运远至伦敦，它是该国主要商业水路。牛津以上上游部分通称为伊塞斯,5,Dialogue I,Language Points,The Thames is swarming with fish.,swarm:1)noun a large group of insects,especially bees,or a crowd
31、 of people who are moving quicklye.g.Swarms of tourists pour into the square.a swarm of bees/locusts/flies A swarm of friends congratulated him.2)verb To move or emerge or gather in large numbers:e.g.Photographers were swarming around the princess.be warming with 密密麻麻地挤满 swarm to do sth.(人)民蜂拥去做 swa
32、rm around 拥围着 swarm into/out 蜂拥进入/而出,5,Dialogue I,Language Points,The Thames is swarming with fish.,e.g.The museum was swarming with tourists.The pool is swarming with swimmers.The mosquitoes swarmed about us.蚊虫成群地环绕着我们飞。People swarmed into the cinema.人们拥进电影院,5,Dialogue I,Language Points,I wish we c
33、ould do away with air pollution and dust here.,do away with:get rid of,eliminatee.g.Slavery was done away with a long time ago.You should do away with your carelessness,for it often leads to irretrievable errors.,6,Dialogue I,Language Points,Its been tormenting us for years.,7,Dialogue I,verb to mak
34、e someone suffer a lot,especially mentally 折磨使承受巨大的肉体痛苦或精神痛苦 e.g.Seth was tormented by feelings of guilt.2)to deliberately treat someone cruelly by annoying them or hurting them极大地烦恼或使烦乱 synonym torturee.g.The older boys would torment him whenever they had the chance.as noune.g.She lay awake all nig
35、ht in torment.The journey must have been a torment for them.,Language Points,Its been tormenting us for years.,7,Dialogue I,*torment/torture都含“身体或精神上受痛苦”的意思。torment指“精神上外于较长期的痛苦或烦恼的状态下”e.g.He suffered torments from his aching teeth.他牙痛得难受。torture(拷打、酷刑、剧痛的折磨)指“精神上或身体上所受到的撕裂般的巨大痛苦”e.g.The criminal is
36、 undergoing torture.犯人在受严刑拷打。,Language Points,Go to the industrial zone and youll be bothered by the air and water pollution.,8,Dialogue I,More phrases:a business zone 商业区 economic development zone 经济开发区 zone of influence 势力范围 a danger zone 危险地带 a war zone 战区 smokeless zone 禁止吸烟区,Language Points,Go
37、to the industrial zone and youll be bothered by the air and water pollution.,8,Dialogue I,bother v.1)打扰；烦扰 e.g.Will it bother you if I turn the television on?2)（常与about,with,to连用）麻烦 Dont bother with/about it.别为此操心。Dont bother yourself about me.别为我操心。Dont bother about answering his letter.Cf.bother 指
38、烦人的干扰，如电话声 annoy指较轻的打扰 irritate与 annoy意思接近，程度稍强,Language Points,Old factories are usually not equipped with pollution control devices.,9,Dialogue I,equip v.to provide a person,group,building,etc.with the things that are needed for a particular kind of activity or work 装备，配备equip sb.withe.g.The boys
39、equipped themselves with torches and rope,and set off.be equipped to do sth.e.g.The emergency services are equipped to deal with disasters of this kind.well/poorly/fully equippede.g.It was a modern,bright,well equipped hospital.,Language Points,Old factories are usually not equipped with pollution c
40、ontrol devices.,9,Dialogue I,2)If education or training equips you to do sth.,it prepares you and makes you able to do it 使有准备，使能够（做某事）equip sb.for sth.e.g.We want our child to have an education that will equip him for later life.我们想让孩子接受能为其今后生活打下基础的教育。,Language Points,Old factories are usually not
41、equipped with pollution control devices.,9,Dialogue I,device:a piece of equipment intended for a particular purpose 设计为特定的目的而做出的设计或发明，尤指用于完成某个或几个简单的相关的任务的机器 apparatus:tools and machines used especially for scientific,medical,and technical purposes 机械、装置、器材 instrument:工具用于协助工作的器具;仪表，仪器用于记录、测量或拉制的装置，特
42、别是作为控制系统部分的此类装置;乐器e.g.surgical instruments 外科手术器械 stringed instruments 弦乐器,Language Points,That really makes life intolerable.,10,Dialogue I,too difficult,bad,annoying etc for you to accept or deal withopposite tolerable(endurable)可容忍的 tolerance n.tolerant adj.e.g.This is intolerable!exclaimed Sir R
43、ufus.The pain had become intolerable.,Language Points,That really makes life intolerable.,10,Dialogue I,Cf.intolerable&intolerantintolerable:不可容忍的be intolerable to sb.是指某事对某人来说无法容忍，其主语是某事。intolerant:不容忍的，不容异说的，主语指某人 be intolerant of 指某人对某事不能容忍e.g.people who are intolerant of other peoples political
44、beliefs A number of patients were intolerant of the diet.noun intolerance 无法忍受，过敏（alcohol intolerance）,Language Points,Im irritated by all the noises in the streets.,11,irritate verb noun irritatione.g.It really irritates me when he doesnt help doing the houseworkirritated adj.feeling annoyed and im
45、patient about somethingbe irritated about/at/with/bye.g.John was getting irritated by all her questions.irritating adj.an irritating habit,situation etc keeps annoying youe.g.Hes the most irritating man Ive ever met.He was smiling in a way I found very irritating.irritating habit/characteristics/man
46、nerisms,Dialogue I,Language Points,Its difficult to bring pollution completely under control.,12,bringunder control 把控制住=bring/have/keep/under control e.g.Firefighters had the blaze under control by 9:44 p.m.She used diet and exercise to bring her weight under control.The Federal Reserve Bank raised
47、 interest rates to keep inflation under control.,Dialogue I,Language Points,Its difficult to bring pollution completely under control.,12,More phrases:gain/take control of beyond ones control have/hold control of 控制着 in control of 控制着 in the control of 受控制 out of control 失去控制 lose control of失去对的控制,D
48、ialogue I,Language Points,and has taken drastic measures to control pollution.,13,drastic:adj.severe or radical in nature;extremee.g.drastic measures to curb inflation 制止通货膨胀的激烈措施 a drastic debate 激烈的辩论 make drastic change 做彻底的改变,Dialogue I,Language Points,in the not too distant future.,14,distant a
49、dj.separate or apart in space;remotee.g.The foreign visitors came from a distant/far country.distant relations 关系疏远 a distant date遥远的日期 a distant look 冷漠的表情 a distant view远景,Dialogue I,DialogueI,Reference:B,a student from England,is talking to A about the pollution problem.1.B tells A about London a
50、t present:the steps that have been taken by the government and the change that has taken place.2.A and B talk about the pollution in China:1)air pollution in factory zones 2)noise pollution in city streets3.A tells B that Chinese government has taken some measures to control pollution.,Retell,Pollut
