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1、21世纪大学英语第一册第二单元笔记 the power of wordsUnit Two Text B The Power of Words I. Text-related Information Mark Twain: the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the major authors of American fiction. Twain is also considered the greatest humorist in American literature. Twains varied works include no
2、vels, travel narratives, short stories, sketches, and essays. His writing about the Mississippi river, such as The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, have been especially popular among modern readers. II. Words & Expressions 1. fancy-n. 想像力, 幻想, 喜好
3、, 爱 adj. 想像的, 时髦的, 华丽装饰的, 奢侈的, 技巧的 vt. 想象, 自认为, 喜好 e.g. I dont fancy going all that way in such bad weather. 我不喜欢在这样的坏天气里一直这么走着。 Fancy her saying a thing like that! 想不到他竟然说出这种话来。 The painting took his fancy, so he bought it. 这幅画被他看中了，所以他就把他买了下来。 I fancy I have met you before. 我想我以前或许见过你。 A fancy res
4、taurant/dress/house/hairstyle 2. impressive-having a strong effect on sb. e.g. There was something impressive about Julias quiet dignity. 朱丽亚的宁静端庄给人印象很深。 Its an impressive ceremony. 那是个难忘的仪式。 His collection of paintings is the most impressive. 他的绘画收藏令人叹为观止。 His speech is quite impressive to the audi
5、ence. 3. reflectshow, express, make it clear e.g. Increased sales were reflected in higher profits. 销售量的增加带来了更大的利润。 Her sad looks reflected the thought passing through her mind. 她忧戚的面容反映出她内心的思想。 I often reflect on the beauty and complexity of life. 我们经常思考人生的美丽与复杂。 reflect可作及物动词或不及物动词，作不及物动词时，后面常跟介词o
6、n/upon/over。 He reflected on his past mistakes. 他在归咎自己过去的错误。 1 Unit Two Text B 4. distinguishbe able to notice or recognize the difference between e.g. Speeches distinguish human beings from animals. 人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。 She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery. 她因头脑冷静、敢作敢为而为人称道。 The twins w
7、ere so much alike that it was impossible to distinguish one from the other. 这对孪生子像得使人无法分辨。 He distinguished himself by his courage. 他因英勇而扬名。 5. insightdeep understanding; the ability to see into the true nature of sth. e.g. In this new book he hits off the American temperament with amazing insight.
8、在这本新书里，他对美国人性格的描写表现出惊人的洞察力。 The book is filled with remarkable insights. 这本书很有真知卓见。 Ive got an insight into the problem. 我对问题豁然开朗。 gain an insight into 了解, 熟悉; 看透, 识破 have an insight into 了解, 熟悉; 看透, 识破. 6. traitelement in sbs personality; distinguishing characteristic e.g. One of his less attractiv
9、e traits is criticizing his wife in public. 他有个不大讨人喜欢的特点，就是爱当众责备妻子。 Two traits in the American character are generosity and energy. 美国人性格的两大特点是慷慨和活力。 7. predictsay in advance what will happen e.g. I can predict something with great accuracy. 我能很准确地预测某事。 The zodiac is used in astrology to predict the
10、 future. 十二宫图用于占星术中预测未来。 It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately. 精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的。 The fortune-teller predicted that I would marry a doctor. 算命先生预言我会同一位医生结婚。 The economists predicted an increase in the rate of inflation. 经济学家预言通货膨胀率将会增长。 predict意为“预言”，“预告”，指将来有可能发生但是现在尚未发生的事情，因此
11、谓语时态要迟一步于主语时态。 错句举例与错句分析： 错句: Biologists are predicting that they have been able to alter genes and control heredity. 订正: Biologist are predicting that they will be able to alter genes and control heredity. 翻译: 生物学家预言他们有能力改变基因，控制遗传特征。 2 Unit Two Text B 分析: 宾语从句中谓语动词时态要迟一步于主语的时态。 8. context-n. 上下文, 环
12、境, 背景 e.g. The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。 It is usually easier to pick out the meaning of a phrase in a given context. 在特定的上下文中理解一个短语的含意往往要更容易些。 III. Language Focus 1. send outgive out from itself; emit; express e.g. we all know
13、 that the sun sends out heat and light. 众所周知，太阳发光发热。 The university usually sends out acceptance letters for the fall semester in March. Send out a distress signal; the ship is sinking. 船正在下沉，发遇险信号吧。 2. Its true. But : the structure is often used to express a different idea. e.g. “Things are a bit d
14、ifferent in my country.” “Its true, but were not in your country, are we?” 3. get acrossmake (sth.) be understood; make clear e.g. The teacher used pictures and charts to get across his idea. He found it difficult to get his Chinese humor across to an English audience. Did your speech get across to
15、the audience? 你的演说听众都懂了吗？ 4. in some casesin some situations e.g. This kind of virus is very dangerous, and even fatal in some cases. Of course, in some cases this does not matter so much while in others it can be quite serious. 5. as a resultfor that reason e.g. He was late as a result of the snow.
16、 由于大雪他迟到了。 Five hundred jobs were axed as a result of government spending cuts. 由于*缩减经费的缘故，有五百人被突然解雇了。 He didnt work hard, as a result he failed his exam. 他不用功，结果考试不及格。 6. come out(of words, a speech, etc.) be spoken e.g. He added the last words without thinking. They just came out naturally. When t
17、he words came out, I knew immediately that I shouldnt have said them. 7. have no choice buthave no other way than e.g. As you have failed twice in the exam, you have no choice but to learn the course again. Having lost their way, the couple had no choice but to stop and wait for someone to pass by a
18、nd 3 Unit Two Text B give them directions. common tolarge shared by e.g. The desire to succeed is common to both children and adults. Arrangements of this kind are a feature common to most hospitals. in shortin a few words; briefly e.g. In short, Mr. Miles is a loose fish. 总之，迈儿斯先生是个浪荡子。 In short, he is one of the most promising students Ive ever known. 总之，他是我见过最有希望的学生之一。 4 8. 9.
