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1、七年级英语语法汇总一、不定式和动名词： 1、省略了to的不定式： have sb. do sth. let sb.do sth. make sb. do sth. help sb. do sth./help sb. with sth. can/may/have to/must do sth. see sb do sth 2、带to的不定式： want to do sth. want sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. decide to do sth would like to do sth. hope to do sth. like to do sth lov
2、e to do sth. remember to do sth stop to do sth 3、带to的不定式可以作后置定语，如：something to eat 4、不定式表目的：如To save class time, our teacher has us do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. 为了节约课堂时间，我们的老师要求我们在课堂上做一半练习，剩下的一半在课后作为家庭作业完成。 注意：for也可表目的，但for后面加名词或动名词，如I buy it for yo
3、u. 5、动名词： have fun doing sth. practice doing sth. enjoy doing sth. what/how about doing sth. be busy doing sth. spend time doing sth. be good at doing sth.(be good at sth.) like doing sth remember doing sth stop doing sth see sb doing sth No talking thanks for doing sth. 二、冠词 不定冠词：a , an 可数名词前可以加a 或
4、an。以元音开头的名词前加an，以辅音开头的名词前加a 如：a uniform an hour There is a “u” and an “n” in the word. 定冠词：the，有指定性的名词前加the，前文出现过再次出现时前面也加the 注意：物主代词后面不加冠词；某些名词前不加冠词；球类运动前不加the，而乐器前要加the。 含冠词的短语：on weekends 和on the weekend，take a bus/taxi/walk，take a photo和take photos，go to a movie和go to the movies，have a look，have
5、 a walk，have a rest，have a good time，in the neighborhood等。 三、介词 1、介词in 表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：in the morning 表示“在里面”the window is in the wall , I sit in the chair. He is in the red shirt. The bird is in the tree. 表示“排、行、组，前、后”，如：We are in Team One. in front of,in the front of 表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如
6、：He lives in Beijing. arrive in Yueyang 表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China. 表示“用材料、语言”如：Can you say it in English? Whats this in English? 2、介词on 用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的某一天。如：on a rainy day 表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table. The apple is on the tree. 在队里用on，如：on the basketball team 表示“左、
7、右”，如：Li Ping is on my left. 用于路名，如：He lives on Nanjing Road. 表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S. 3、介词at 表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如：at noon , at 6 am 表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village. 用于门牌号，如：He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road. 4、介词for 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast.
8、 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给”、“对 (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 表示以具体价格购买。如：You can take it for 5 yuan each. 5、介词under表示“在下方”
9、，如：They were seen under the tree. 6、介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。如：She went across the street to make some purchases. 7、介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。如：The sunlight was coming in through the window. 8、介词to表示向某处移动，如：go to school , get to school 9、介词with表示“用工具、某物”如：with a pen 还可表示“和.一起” He with
10、his parents is watching TV. 10、介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过方法”如：He prefers traveling by car. 11、介词between 表示“在两者之间”如：Dont sit between the two girls. 四、词语 1、常见短语 a set of 一套 lost and found 失物招领 in English 用英语 first name 名字 family/last name 姓氏 family tree 家谱 Daves family/the Daves 大卫一家 my family photo/a photo of m
11、y family 我的一张全家福 taketo把带到去 bring to把拿到.来 play volleyball/basketball/tennis/chessplay computer games 玩电脑游戏 play sports 做运动 play the guitar/the piano/the drum on TV 在电视上 a lot 非常 a lot of/lots of许多 watch TV 看电视 watch the match 观看比赛 every day 每天 everyday 日常的 ice cream 冰淇淋 French fries 炸薯条 healthy food
12、 健康食品 a running star 跑步明星 make a list 列个清单 have/eat breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐/中餐/晚餐 have/eat for breakfast 早餐吃 lets=let us 让我们 how about/what about 怎么样 how much 多少钱 what color 什么颜色 at a (very)good price 以优惠的价格 have a look (at) 看一看 date of birth出生日期 want (sb.)to do sth. 想要做某事 for sale 待售 on sale 降价出售
13、 in October 在十月 on Octorber tenth happy birthday 生日快乐 two years old 两岁 t wo-year-old 两岁的 school trip 学校旅行社 Art Festival 艺术节 speech contest 演讲比赛 English party 英语晚会 School Day 校庆 what kind of 哪种 Beijing Opera 京剧 go to a movie/go to the movies/see a movie/go to see a movie 去看电影院 go to work 去上班 go to sc
14、hool 去上学 go home 回家 go to the mountains 去爬山 go shopping/swimming/skating/hiking/sightseeing 去购物/游泳/滑冰/徒步旅行/观光 go to bed 去睡觉 be in bed 入睡 get up 起床 get to school 到学校 get home 到家 learn/know about 了解 Chinese history 中国历史 on weekends/on the weekend 在周末 speek English 讲英语 science teacher科学老师 join the art
15、club/the swimming club 加入艺术俱乐部/游泳俱乐部 call sb. at.拨号码找某人 what time什么时候 be good with sb. 相某人相处得好 be good at sth/doing sth 擅长于某事/做某事 brush ones teeth刷牙 a few of 一点儿 a little of 一点儿a little 一点儿 kind of 有点 a little bit 有点 a kind of 一种 all kinds of 各种各样的 take a shower 淋浴 after breakfast早餐后 do ones homewor
16、k 做家庭作业 help sb. with sth/help sb. do sth. 帮助某人干某事 all night整夜 in the morning/afternoon evening在上午/下午/晚上at noon/ night 在中午/晚上 best wishes(to you)最好的祝愿 tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事 your favorite subject 你最喜欢的科目 have math/music上数学课/音乐课 be tired 累 after class 下课后 after school 放学后 Class 3 Grade 2 二年级三班 a
17、t 6:00 am 在上午6点 play with 和一起玩 have volleyball 打排球 run around 到处跑 pen pal 笔友 be from/come from 来自于 live in 住在. in China 在中国 write to sb. 给某人写信 post to sb. 寄给某人 post office 邮局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 across from 在对面 next to 靠近 in the neighborhood 附近 betweenand 在和之间 in front of 在.前面队 in the front of 在前部 go
18、straight 直走 go/walk down 顺着走 go through 经过 turn left/right at 在向左/右转 on the right 在右边 have fun/have a good time/enjoy oneself 玩得开心 have a good trip 旅途愉快 take a walk/bus/taxi 散步/乘巴士/乘出租车 take a photo/take photos 拍照the beginning of 的开端 keep/be quiet 安静 in/during the day 在白天 listen to 听 look at 看 shop
19、assistant 店员 bank clerk 银行职员 TV station 电视台 work with 和一起工作 go out 出去 TV show 电视节目 study/work hard 努力学习/工作 give sb. sth./give sth. to sb.给某人某物 get sth. from sb. 从某人那里得到某物 not bad 不错 work for sb. 为效力 talk to/with sb. 和某人交谈 talk about sth. 谈论某事 talk on the phone 打电话 ask sb. to do sth. ask sb. sth. 问某人
20、某事 wait for 等候 at school 在学校 in school 在学校 read books 看书 on vacation 度假 thank you for doing sth.谢谢你做某事 thanks for 因.谢谢你 lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上 play beach volleyball look cool 看上去酷 look like 看起来像 pretty good 好极了 long curly black hair 卷的黑色的长发 medium height中等身高 medium build 中等身材 the captain of 的队长 love
21、 to do sth. 喜爱做某事 would like sth/to do sth. 想要某物/做某事 like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 tell jokes讲笑话 pop singer 流行歌手 what size 什么型号/尺寸 beef and tomato noodles 牛肉西红柿面条 orange juice 橘子汁 green tea 绿茶 stay at home 呆在家里 all day 整天 have a party举行晚会 do some reading 阅读 practice English 练习英语 practic
22、e doing sth. 练习做某事 talk show脱口秀 study fo the test 准备测验 last weekend 上周末 clean ones room 打扫房间 go for a walk 去散步 go on vacation去度假 go to summer camp 去参加夏令营 have fun doing sth. 做某事玩得高兴 in the water 在水中 in the corner 在角落 walk back to 走回到 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 the Great Wall 长城 the Palace Museum 故宫 Tia
23、nanmen Square think of 认为，想到 game show 比赛节目 soap opera 肥皂剧 sports shows 体育节目 in fact 事实上 in class 在课堂上 in the hallways 在走廊里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 arrive late for class 上课迟到 go out 出去 on school nights 在有课的晚上 too many rules 太多规定 make dinner 做晚饭 the Childrens Palace 少年宫 have to
24、不得不 on ones way home 在某人回家的路上 on ones way to 在某人去的路上 the way to 去的路 2、常见词的辨析 bring和take bring意为“拿来，取来，带来”，常和介词to连用；take意为“拿走，带走”。 some和any 两者都表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。some常用于肯定句中，any用于疑问句和否定句中。但在表示委婉语气、请示，希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，也可以用some。如：There is some milk in the bottle. Is there any milk in the bottle? The
25、re isnt any milk in the bottle. Can I have some rice? need的用法 need既是情态动词，又是实义动词，意为“需要”。作为情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，并且常用于否定句和疑问句中，后接动词原形。如：Need I go now? She neednt come here. 作实义动词时，后可接名词、不定式或动名词作宾语。注意用法：sb. need sth 某人需要某物，sb. need to do sth.某人需要做某事，sth. need doing=sth. need to be done 某物需要被 如：I need some ap
26、ples. She needs to buy a new skirt. The classroom needs cleaning.=The classroom needs to be cleaned. in time 及时，on time 按时 Every day she goes to school on time. in the tree和on the tree in the tree意为在树上，on the tree意为在树上 The bird is in the tree. The apples are on the tree. on the desk和at the desk on t
27、he desk意为在桌子上，at the desk意为在桌子上。He is sitting on the desk. He is reading books at the desk. have和there be 两者都表示“有，拥有”。have常表示“某人有某物”，而there be句型表示“某地有某物”。如：She has a pet cat. There is a cat under the table. runner和running star runner意为赛跑选手，running star意为赛跑明星 much和many 两者都表示“许多”的意思，much修饰不可数名词，many修饰
28、可数名词。与之类似的还有a little和a few，前者修饰不可数名词，后者修饰可数名词，而a lot of 和lots of 则既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。 socks，shoes，pants，shorts，glasses等都是由不可分割的两部分组成的一个物品，常以复数形式出现，当它们作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。表示一双时，要用a pair of，如果词组作主语，谓语动词要根据pair的数来变化。如：a pair of shorts two pairs of shorts when和what time 当询问某年、某月或某日时，一般用when，不用what time；当询问具体的时
29、刻时，一般用what time. 如：When is your birthday? What time is it? work和job work是不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用，一般指比较抽象的工作；job是可数名词，可与不定冠词连用，指具体的工作。如：Whats your fathers job? 数字的表示：21-99除整十位外，十位和个位间要加连字符“”，如：twenty-one百、千、百万、十亿后面不加s，且百和十之间要加and如：720：seven hundred and twenty 75720：seventy-five thousand, seven hundred and tw
30、enty 7005：seven thousand and five thousands of 和hundreds of 前面不能加数字，分别表示“几千”、“几百” look，see，watch，read look强调看的动作，不及物动词，look at me；see强调看的结果，及物动词；watch意为“观看”，主要用于观看比赛或电视；read意为“读”，主要用于读书、读报等。 listen和hear listen强调听的动作，不及物动词，listen to me；hear强调听的结果，及物动词。 also和too 两者都可表示“也”，also一般放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之
31、前，用于肯定句中；too一般放在句尾。 speak，tell，talk，say speak常用作不及物动词，作及物动词时宾语为某种语言；tell意为“讲述，告诉”tell jokes开玩笑，tell a story 讲一个故事；talk“讲话，交谈”，不及物动词，常用于talk to/with sb. talk about；say作及物动词或不及物动词，强调说话的内容。Can you say it in English? Can you speak English? usually、often、always、sometimes、never等频率副词，在句中通常位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后
32、，行为动词之前。She is often late for class. She often arrives late for class. go to school ，get to school go to school 去上学；get to school到达学校 kind of ，a kind of ，kinds of kind of 表示“有点儿，有几分”；a kind of 表示“一种”，kinds of 表示有多种。 other，the other，another，others，the others other意为“其他的”，后接可数名词的复数或不可数名词；如：Please give
33、 me some other books. others意为“其他的人或物”，指剩余的部分，但不是剩余的全部，相当于other+名词复数，常与some构成“someothers”句型；如：Some students like action movies, otherslike comedies. the other意为“另一个”，特指两个中的另一个，常与one构成“onethe other”句型；如：I have two sweaters, one is red; the other is yellow. the others意为“另一些人或物”，指剩余的全部，相当于the other+名词复
34、数，常与some构成“somethe others”；如：There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls, the othersare boys. another意为“又一个，另一个”，泛指三个或三个以上的同类人或事物的不定数目中的另一个。如：Would you like another drink? everyone，everybody，nobody，everything，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Everyone likes money. 名词作定语修饰名词时常用单数，但man，woman和spo
35、rts例外。如：apple trees，girl students，men teachers，sports shoes。 单个形容词作定语时一般放在它所修饰词的前面，但形容词修饰由some，any，every，no等构成的复合不定代词时，要放在复合不定代词的后面。如：This is a difficult question. I have something important to tell you. 形容词顺序：冠、数、性、大、形、年、色、国、材。比如头发：长短+形状+颜色，long curly black hair。两个或两个以上的形容词作表语，通常在最后一个形容词前加and。Her s
36、ister is tall, young and beautiful. else，other 两者都表示“其他的”。 else既可作形容词又可作副词，作形容词时常放在疑问代词who，what，whose或不定代词something，anything，nothing，someone，anyone之后，如：What else would you like? Is anyone else coming here? 作副词时常置于疑问副词when，where等后面。When else can we meet next time? other只能作形容词，后要接可数名词的复数或不可数名词，如：other
37、 students. be in bed，on the bed be in bed意为“睡觉”，表示人在床上一般用介词in，bed前不加冠词；但表示物在床上用介词on，on the bed表示物在床上。 名词所有格 表示有生命的东西或者国家、城市、时间等名词的所属关系：在单数名词词尾加s，在以s结尾的复数名词词尾加，在不规则复数名词词尾加s 如：Jims shirt，the students basketball，Childrens Day，citys museum；表示无生命物体的名词所有格一般用of构成，如：the door of the room，the name of the scho
38、ol. 3、词性 名词、数词、代词既可作主语，又可作宾语或表语。如I like it. I和it都是代词，I作主语，it作宾语。 有些名词后面加y或ly可以变成形容词，如：cloud，cloudy，friendfriendly，sunsunny，healthhealthy。 形容词可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语放在be动词之后，但形容词不可放在行为动词之后。如：a clever boy. The boy is clever. 有些形容词后面加ly可以变成副词，如：loud，loudly，heavyheavily，quickquickly. 副词分为一般副词、时间副词、地点副词和频率副词等。一般副
39、词(adv.)放在行为动词后面，但不可放在be动词之后。如：study hard，speak loudly，play it well等；时间副词、地点副词一般放在句首或句尾，如：go home，in the morning等；频率副词在句中通常位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。 动词在句中作谓语，分为be动词、行为动词、助动词和情态动词。一个单句中只能有一个谓语，如果已经有谓语了后面还有动词，那后面的动词需要变形。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，前者后面可以直接加名词，后者必须加上介词后才能加名词，如：listen，look就是不及物动词，后面如果要加名词中间必须有介词。L
40、isten to me. Look at the blackboard. 介词后面可以加名词或动名词，介词还可以构成很多短语。如：be good at sth. /be good at doing sth. 五、句型一个单句只能有一个谓语 1、肯定句 句子中的谓语可以是be动词，行为动词或情态动词+行为动词。Im Gina. She likes action movies. She can speak English. 2、否定句 如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词，直接在be动词或情态动词后接not即可；如果谓语是行为动词，在行为动词前加助动词do，行为动词变回原形。I am not G
41、ina. She doesnt like action movies. She cant speak English. 3、一般疑问句 如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词，直接把be动词或情态动词提前即可；如果谓语是行为动词，在行为动词前加助动词do，然后把助动词提前，行为动词变回原形。Are you Gina? Does she like action movies? Can she speak English? 4、特殊疑问句 如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词，把be动词或情态动词提前再在句首加上特殊疑问词即可；如果谓语是行为动词，在行为动词前加助动词do，把助动词提前再在句首加
42、上特殊疑问词，行为动词变回原形。Who are you?/Whats your name? What kind of movies does she like? What language can she speak? 5、感叹句 两种句型：How +形容词+主语+谓语！How clever he is!/ How clever! What +形容词+名词+主语+谓语！What a clever boy he is!/ What a clever boy! What an interesting story it is! 注意：如果后面的名词为不可数名词或名词的复数，前面不加冠词。如：What
43、 nice weather it is! 6、祈使句 带有please的祈使句，please可放在句首或句尾，但放在句尾时，please前要加“，”。如：Please open the door. Open the door，please. 命令式的祈使句。如：Dont speak loudly in the classroom.= No speaking loudly in the classroom. 常见句型： Whats your name? My name is Gina/Im Gina. Is there your pencil? Yes, it is/No, it isnt. W
44、hats this in English? Its a pencil. Whats your telephone number?/Whats the number of your telephone? Its 281-9716. How do you spell pencil? Its P-E-N-C-I-L. This is my brother. These are my friends. Is this your sister? Is that your brother? Thanks for the photo of your family. Here is my family pho
45、to. Where is my backpack? Its under the bed. Are my books on the chair? No, they arent/Yes, they are. /I dont know. Do you have a soccer ball? Yes, I do. /No, I dont. Lets watch TV. That sounds great/good. Does she like pears? Yes, she does. /No, she doesnt. What about you? He doesnt like ice cream.
46、 How about apples? How much is this sweater? Its eight dollars. How much are these pants? 这条裤子多少钱？They are nine yuan. When is your birthday? My birthday is May 1st. How old are you? Im thirteen. Do you want to go to a movie? Yes, I do. /No, I dont. What kind of movies does she like? 她喜欢哪种电影？She like
47、s comedies but she doesnt like thrillers. What movies does he like? 他喜欢什么电影？He likes Harry Potter. Can he dance? Yes, he can. /No, he cant. What club does he want to join? He wants to join the music club. What time does she get up? She gets up at six oclock. What time does your mother eat breakfast? She eat breakfast at seven oclock. Whats your favorite subject? My favorite subject is English. Wh
