1名词,冠词,代词.docx

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1、1名词,冠词,代词名词 一、名词变复数构成规则 A、一般情况下，在单数名词的后面加-s。如：deskdesks,mapmaps,pencilpencils B、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数，在词尾加-es。如：bus-buses,box-boxes, peach-peaches C、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数，将f或fe改成v，然后再加-es。如：leaf-leaves.wolf-wolves, D、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数，将y改成i后再加-es。如：city-cities,baby-babies, E、以o结尾，表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es；表示没有生

2、命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。如：tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes radio-radios,photo-photos,zoo-zoos 2.不规则变化 man-men,woman-women,Englishman-Englishmen,goose-geese,foot-feet,tooth-teeth, child-children,mouse-mice 3.单复数形式相同的名词:Chinese，Japanese，sheep ,deer ,fish 4.只有复数形式的名词 Trousers，glasses，clothes，peopl

3、e，chopsticks。 5.常见的不可数名词 air,beef,pork,bread,fish,food,hair,ice,milk,money,news,tea,paper,time,water等 二 习题精练 1.写出下列名词的复数形式 1、monkey _ 2、bus _ 3、duck _ 4、sheep _ 5、deer _ 6、child_ 7、foot _8、tomato_ 9、map_ 10、pencil_ 2. 用正确的名词形式填空 1、Lily and Lucy are my_(classmate). 2、There are seven_(sheep). 1 3、My u

4、ncle has two_(child). 4、How many _(book)are there in your bag ? 5、Can you give me two bottles of_(water). 3.选择正确的词填空 1、We have 16 new_(lightlights). 2、My friend Edward has three_(childchildren). 3、How many_(wolfswolves)are there? 4、Beijing is one of the biggest _in the world. 5、Many _ (womanwomen) a

5、re singing over there. 冠词 一、知识1 定义：冠词是用在名词前面，说明名词所表示的人或事物的词。 二、知识2：冠词的分类 冠词分为不定冠词a, an 和定冠词the 不定冠词a, an 不定冠词表示数量一个或一. 不定冠词a 用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前, an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前.如:a book , a pen , a girl , a worker, an arm , an apple ，an orange , an hour , an egg 以字母u 开头的单词，u的发音为/ju:/时, 前面要用a ; 发音为元音音素的单词,前面都要用an 如

6、: a useful book a university an umbrella an hour an honest child an interesting story 用在某些固定词组中。 Exercise: 一、判断正误 a story( ) a apple ( ) a paper a orange a pretty woman an school ( ) an useful book ( ) 二、用正确的a和an填空。 2 1、cat can catch mice. 2、The ant is ( ) insect . 3、Lucy spends ( )hour doing her ho

7、me work everyday . 4、Bobs father is ( )engineer . 5、John is ( ) honest boy 三、在空格内填上a或an 1. _ear 2._actor 3. _hen 4. _toy 5. _university 6. _elephant 7. _hat 8._umbrella 9._rabbit 10._idea 11._hour 12_ honest boy 13._interesting book 14._easy question 15._orange dress (二) 定冠词the 定冠词the通常对所修饰的名词有指定作用。

8、 1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。 Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 The man in blue in my father. 穿蓝衣服的男人是我爸爸。 2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 Open the window please. 请把窗户打开。(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户) 3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。 There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. 窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一

9、位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。 I have a book. The book is very interesting. 我有一本书。这本书非常有趣。 4.指世上独一无二的事物。 3 Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?太阳、地球和月亮哪个最大？ A kite is flying in the sky. 一只风筝在天空中飞翔。 5.用在乐器名称前。 Do you like playing the piano? 你喜欢弹钢琴吗？ 6. 用在集合名词前，指一个整体。 The family are all music lovers

10、. 全家人都是音乐爱好者。 The public are the best judges. 公众是最好的审判员。 7.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。 The first truck is the fastest of all. 第一辆货车跑得最快。 8.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great wall长城 the Summer Palace颐和园 9.用在某些形容词前，表示复数意义的某类人。 the rich富人 the sick病人 the old老人 the young年轻人 10.用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。 The Turners are going h

11、ome on a train. 11.用在方位词前。 on the left在左边 in the east在东方 at the back/front of在的后/前面 12.用在某些固定词组中。 all the time 一直at the same time 同时by the way 顺便说in the end 最后 in the morning在上午on the earth 在地球上the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天 3. 知识3：不用冠词的情况 1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 2）专有名词前通常不用定冠词： 4 3）

12、 在星期、月份，季节，节日等名词前： 4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时 5） 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前 6）固定短语： 四、课堂练习 1.Mom tells her little daughter old story every night. A. a B. / C. an D. the 2. computer on the table is Susans. A. A B. An C. The D. / 3.There is map of the world on wall. map is mine. A. a, a, A B. a, the, The

13、 C. the, the, The D. the, the, A 4. Whites live on floor. A. /, three B. A, third C. The, third D.The, the third 5. Spring comes after winter. A. /, / B.The, / C.The, the D.A, the 6.I bought shoes yesterday. shoes are very beautiful. A. a, The B. a pair of, The C. the, The D. a pair, The pair 7.He w

14、as soldier in the Second World War. A. a B. an C. the D. / 8.She can play and . A. the tennis, the guitar B. tennis, guitar C. the tennis, guitar D. tennis, the guitar 9.I can see moon and clouds in the sky. A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the 10. “c” is in “cat.” “s” is in “sat.” A. An, An B. A

15、n, A C. A, A D. A, An 5 11. Tiananmen Square is in Beijing. A. /, / B. A, / C. The, / D. /, the 12.Can you tell me nearest bookshop? Go straight and turn right at_third crossing, and you will see it. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, / 代词 一、概念 人称代词是表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们和们的词。人称代词有人称、格和数的变化，具体见下表： 人

16、 数 格 称 单 数 主 格 I you he 宾 格 me you him her it 复 数 主 格 we you 宾 格 us you 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 she it they them 二、人称代词的用法 1一般情况下，人称代词的主格作主语，放在句子的开头。 I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。 You are 10 years old. 你10岁了。 He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 It is hot today. 今天天气热。 2宾格作宾语，通常放在动词，如：let, like, help,give,ask等的后面；或介词，如：for, t

17、o, of,at等的后面。 Lets go .(lets =let us) Can you help me？你能帮我吗？ 6 The cake is for you. 这个蛋糕是给你的。 在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或用在not后，多用宾格。 -I like English.-Me too. -Who broke the window?-Me.(me作表语= Its me.) Why not me?(为什么不是我？) 3作表语,口语中常用宾格 -Who is that？-Its me. 是谁啊？是我。 三、注意 1人称代词I无论放在句首、句中或句尾，都要大写。 2人称代词she除了指女性“

18、她”之外，还可以指祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。 如：I love my country. She is great. The moon is in the sky. She is round and bright. 四、It的特殊用法 1一般情况下，it表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。 Where is your car？It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿？在那边。 2但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it，并不译为“它”。 1）指天气:It is sunny today. 今天阳光灿烂。 2）指气候:Its col

19、d in this room. 这个房间很冷。 3）指时间:What time is it？Its six thirty. 几点了？六点半了。 4）指距离:How far is it from here to the park？ 从这儿到公园有多远？Its about two miles. 大约是二英里。 3“ it ” 有时也可指人。 Its me. Open the door, please. 五、并列人称代词的排列顺序： 1、单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称第三人称第人称 如：you，he，and I 7 2、复数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称第二人称第三人称 we

20、youthey 注意：如果是做错事，承担责任时，说话的人把I放在第一位。 Who broke the window？谁打碎了玻璃？I and Li Ming.我和李明. 物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，物主代词也有人称和数的变化，见下表： 人称 单数 复数 类别 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三 人称 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 汉语 my mine 我的 人称 your yours 你的 人称 his his her hers its its 人称 our ours 人称 your yours 人称 th

21、eir theirs 他们的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词，表示是属于谁的东西。 如：I love my country. 而名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs则相单于对应的形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如： Is this your book? No, it isnt，its hers(her book) /Jims /Toms/Marias This is her book. = This book is hers. 指示代词 表示“这个

22、”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有this，that，these，8 those等。 this，是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。 that，是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。 This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers. I am busy these days. That is a red car. What do you like? I like this. 练习题 一、填写下面的表格。 人 称 格 性 数 主格 I you 宾格 us you him them 形容词性物主代词 名词性物

23、主代词 my your his her ours yours its 单数 第一人称 复数 单数 第二人称 复数 单数 第三人称 she it 复数 二、用人称代词代替下单词或词组。 1Mike 2Mr White 3Tom and I 4Joan and John 5My father 9 6the rabbit 7Miss White 8Kate,Tim and I 9Joans mother 10their brother 三、选词填空。 1. _ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii. A. She, you and I B. You, she

24、 and I C. I, you and she D. Her, me and you 2. My uncle bought a new bike for _. A. theirs B. they C. me D. I 3. She is a student, _ name is Julia. A. its B. her C. hers D. his 4. Could you help _ with _ English, please. A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I 5. A friend of _ came here yesterday. A.

25、my B. his C. him D. himself 6. _ pencil-box is beautiful. But _ is more beautiful than _. A. Toms, my, he B. Toms, mine, his C. Toms, mine, him D. Toms, my, his 7. Most of _like Chinese food. A. they B. Their C. Them D. theirs 8. Dont you let _ help you ? A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my

26、friend and me D. my friend and I to 9. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _ . A. I B. me C. my D. mine 10. Thats not _, it is_. I made it _ . A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myself C. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself 四、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This ismother. 2. Nice to meet . 3. name is Mark

27、. 4. Whatsname? 5. Excuse. 6. AreMiss Li? 10 7. am Ben. 8. is my sister. 9. Fine , thank . 10. How old is 五、用适当的人称代词填空： 1. _ is my aunt. We often visit _. ( she ) 2. China is a developing country. _is in the east of Asia. ( its ) 3. I own a blue bike. The red one isnt _. ( I ) 4. These new houses ar

28、e so nice. _ are very expensive.( them ) 5. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didnt _? ( them ) 6. Ling Ling is a girl. _ studies in a primary school. _ brother lives with _ and helps _ with_ lessons. ( she ) 7. Mike is my classmate. _ is good at Engliush . ( his ) 8. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _ ? ( she ) 9. Whats the weather like today ? _ is cloudy. ( its ) 11