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1、中考英语语法总复习,复习计划,第一周：名词、冠词、代词第二周：形容词、副词第三周：介词、连词、数词第四周：动词的分类、情态动词和时态第五周：被动语态和非谓语动词第六周：主谓一致、倒装句第七周：句子,名词,一、将下列名词按要求分类 house,man,rice,soup,park,bread,meal,week,meat,son,bottle,advice,shoe,juice,beef,cup,bag,information,salt,pen,baby,apple可数名词：不可数名词：,温故知新,house,man,park,meal,week,son,bottle,shoe,cup,bag,
2、pen,baby,apple,rice,soup,bread,meat,advice,juice,beef,information,salt,sheep,二、用所给名词的适当形式填空,1.How many _(sheep)are there on the hill?2.There is some _(food)in the basket.3.The baby has only two _(tooth)now.4.There is a lot of _(water)in the bottle.5.There are five _(people)in his family.6.Lets take
3、_(photo),OK?7.I have lots of _(tomato)here.8.The _(child)are playing on the playground now.,food,teeth,water,people,photos,tomatoes,children,考点一：不可数名词 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，不能直接与数词或不定冠词连用，也没有复数形式，如：air,time,money,rice等，与“液体，肉类”有关的名词也都为不可数名词，如water,milk,beef,mutton等，常考的不可数名词如下：news,information,music,work,
4、advice,weather,考点过关,若要表示不可数名词的数量，可以借助数量词，如：a piece of news 一则新闻 two pieces of information 两条信息 three pieces of music 三首乐曲 four pieces of paper 四张纸 a glass of water 一杯水,考点二：可数名词1.单数变为复数的规则变化：（1）一般直接加-s book-books apple-apples bag-bags（2）以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的单词要变y为i再 加-es class-classes box-boxes brush-bru
5、shes watch-watches（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的单词要变y为i再 加-esfactory-factories city-cities family-families,（4）以o结尾的单词，若是表示有生命的名词，变复数时加-es；若是表示无生命的名词，变复数时加-s有生命的：mango-mangoes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes无生命的：photo-photos zoo-zoos radio-radios（5）以f或fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为ve再加-s knife-knives leaf-leaves half-halves thief-th
6、ieves,规则名词单数变复数口诀,名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数。词尾若是-s,-x,-sh,-ch，直接加上-es，词尾若是-f或-fe，加-s之前要变ve，“辅音字母+y”结尾，把y变i再把-es添；词尾字母若是-o，加-es的有tomato和potato。,2.单数变为复数的不规则变化：（1）foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-mice woman-women man-men policeman-policemen child-children（2）单复数同形：sheep-sheep deer-deer Chinese-Chinese Ja
7、panese-Japanese fish-fish（3）国籍：不变：Chinese Japanese变a为e：Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen 词尾加-s：American-Americans Australian-Australians Canadian-Canadians German-Germans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面,3、以复数形式出现的名词：trousers,socks,stockings,shorts,shoes,gloves,glasses,clothe
8、s,scissors,people4、两上名词组成的名词词组通常在最后一个名词后加-s。但当woman或man与另一个名词组成名词词组时，前后两个名词都要变复数。如：shoe factory-shoe factories girl student-girl students coffee shop-coffee shops 但woman doctor-women doctors man worker-men workers,考点三：名词所有格,1、s结构：有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词（1）直接在词尾加s，如：my mothers handbag todays newspaper（
9、2）以s结尾的复数名词只能加“”，如：Teachers Day the students reading room five minutes walk（3）并列名词所有格要特别注意，如：Tom and Tims bedroom（两人共有一个卧室）Toms and Tims bedrooms（每人分别占有一个卧室，共有两个）,2、of结构：无生命的名词 the leg of the table,the top of the mountain3、双重所有格：a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a friend of my mothers 我妈妈的一个朋友（=one of my moth
10、ers friends）注：（1）表示某人的家或店铺、办公室、教堂的名字，名词所有格后的地方名通常不出现，如：at the doctors 在诊所 at the barbers 在理发店（2）the answer to the question 问题的答案 the key to the door 门的钥匙 the way to the cinema 去电影院的路,考点四：一词多义,room rooms（房间）glass glasses（玻璃杯、眼镜）room（空间，不可数）glass（玻璃，不可数）hair hairs（几根头发）fish fishes（各种鱼）hair（头发，不可数）fish
11、（鱼肉，不可数）tea a tea（一种茶）paper a paper（报纸，试卷）tea（茶，不可数）paper（纸，不可数）,考点五：数词+名词+形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式 如：a 12-meter-deep well 一口12米深的井,1.I hear you run for half an hour every day.-Right.We have to.It is one of the _ in our school.（2011.广东）A.rules B.plans C.hobbies D.choices,真题探究,解析：考查名词词义及其复数形式。单数名词变复数
12、时，通常加-s，以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，则变y为i再加-es。,2.Could you please tell me something about the two _?-_.They are exchange students of No.1 Middle School.（2011.深圳）A.Frenchmen;Yes,please B.Frenchmans;Come on C.German;Not at all D.German;All right,解析：考查名词复数与交际用语用法。Frenchman 的复数形式为Frenchmen，属于不规则变化。熟记口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面
13、。回答别人的请求可用“All right.”。,3.Im so hungry.Please give me _ to eat.（2011.清远）A.Three breads B.three pieces of breadC.Three pieces of breads D.three pieces of bread,解析：考查不可数名词数量的表示。不可数名词表示数量时，要借助数量词。当数量大于一时，表示数量的单词应用复数形式。,冠词,用适当的冠词或“/”填空。1.There is _ picture on _ wall.2.This is _ useful book.Ive read it f
14、or _ hour.3.Lets go out for _ walk.4.Its too hot.Open _ door,please.5.There is _ woman over there._ woman is Meimeis mother.6._ sun rises in _ east.7._ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China.8.He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995.9.He likes playing _ basketball and _ piano.10.I often wat
15、ch _ TV in _ evening.,温故知新,a,an,a,the,a,the,a,The,The,the,The,the,/,the,/,/,the,/,the,考点一：不定冠词a/an的区别 不定冠词有a和an两种形式，只能用于单数可数名词前。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。判断一个单词是元音还是辅音开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据其字母。如：a book,a useful book,an interesting book等。,考点过关,考点二：不定冠词a/an的用法,1.用来泛指“一”，这是不定冠词的基本用法。如：This is a book.这是一本书。
16、She is a doctor.她是一名医生。A horse is smaller than an elephant.一匹马比一头大象小。2.用于序数词前，表示“又一”。如：The cake is delicious,and I want a second one.蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。,考点三：定冠词the的用法,1.表示双方都知道的人或事物2.特指的或上文已提到的人或事物。（可理解为“这，这个；那，那个”）3.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the moon,the sun,the earth4.用在序数词前。如：Monday is the second day of a week.星
17、期一是一个星期中的第二天。5.用在形容词和部分比较级前。如：Tom is the tallest boy in his class.Tom是他班中最高的男生。She is the taller of the two.她是两个中比较高的那个。,6.用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或物。如：the poor穷人，the rich富人7.用在乐器前。如：play the violin 拉小提琴8.用在姓氏复数前，表示“某一家人”或“某夫妇”。如：the Greens格林一家人，the Lius 姓刘一家人9.用在逢“十”的复数数词前，指某个世纪中的几十年代。如：in the 1970s 在20世纪70年
18、代10.用在由多个普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the United States,the United Nations,the Great Wall,考点四：不用冠词的情况,1.在国名、城市名或人名前不用冠词2.在球类运动和三餐前不用冠词3.年、月、季节、星期、节假日前不用冠词（但季节有of结构限定时，须加the,如：the summer of 2009）4.在棋类和学科名词前不用冠词。如：play chess 下象棋5.名词前已有this,that,these,your,my,some,any,every等时，不用冠词,冠词基本用法口诀：,名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，可数名词单，须用a，an在
19、元音音素前，若为特指时，则须用定冠，复数不可数，泛指the不见，碰到代词时，冠词均不现。冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；如复数名词表示泛指时，名词前有this,these,my,some等修饰时就不用冠词。,1.I really like _ book you lent me yesterday.（2011.广东）A.a B.an C.the D.不填,真题探究,解析：本题考查定冠词的用法。定冠词the可用于特指某人或某物。,2.Her
20、daughter began to play _ piano when she was five.Now she was very good at it.（2011.清远）A.an B.a C.the D./,解析：表示演奏某种乐器，在乐器名称前应加定冠词the。,3.In L.A.Lingling lived with _ Smiths and got on well with the host family.（2011.佛山）A.a B.the C./,解析：定冠词the用在姓氏复数前，表示“某一家人”或“某夫妇”。,4.Miss Lin wants to lose weight.She
21、just has _ cup of milk for _ breakfast every day.（2011.梅州）A.a;the B.a;不填 C.the;a D.the;不填,解析：考查不定冠词与零冠词的用法。不定冠词的基本用法是用来泛指“一”。在三餐前不需要加冠词。,代词,一、用所给代词的适当形式填空1.This is not my pencil-box._(I)is in the bag.2.Is this _(you)pen?3.This is _(I)book.Where is _(you)?4.Help _(you)to some fruit,Jack.5.Sam is my b
22、rother.Do you like to play with _(he)?6.Did you enjoy _(you),Mary and Kate?,温故知新,Mine,your,my,yours,yourself,him,yourself,二、用适当的代词填空1.The old man has two sons.One is a worker,_ is a teacher.2.John and I are in the same school._ go to school together.3.We were all very tired,but _ of us would like to
23、 have a rest.4._ of the twins are in our class.5._ jumped the longest of all in the long jump?6.-_ color is your mothers dress?-Its black.7.-_ is your car?-The red one in front of the tree.8.My watch doesnt work.There must be _ wrong.,the other,We,none,Both,Who,What,Which,something,考点一：人称代词、物主代词和反身代
24、词的各种形式、用法区别,考点过关,考点二：人称代词的位置,单数 you,he and I复数 we,you and they人称代词顺序排列口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见。单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三。麻烦事我（I）站前，其他人称没意见。两性并列为三单，男先女后是习惯。（he and she）,考点三：反身代词常考词组,enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself to 随便吃come to oneself 苏醒 look after oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth.自学 learn sth.by oneself 自学 hurt o
25、neself 受伤 by oneself 亲自leave one by oneself 将某人单独留下,考点四：指示代词,考点五：it的用法,1.作形式主语、形式宾语 作形式主语时常考句型（1）Its+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.如：It is important to learn English well.学好英语很重要。（2）Its+adj.+that 从句 如：It is necessary that we should be on time.守时是很必要的。（3）It takes sb.+some time to do sth.如：It takes me an ho
26、ur to do my homework every day.每天我要花1个小时做作业。作形式宾语常考句型：find/feel/think it+adj.+to do sth.如：I find it difficult to learn English.我发现学英语很难。,2.指婴儿或不明身份的人如：-Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门？-I think it is Mr.Li.我想是李先生。3.代词one,it,that 的区别（1）that代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复（2）it特指上下文提到的同一对象，同类同物。（3）one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，
27、同类而不同物。如：The weather of Beijing is as good as that of Qingdao.北京的天气和青岛的一样好。who has a pen?谁有钢笔？I have one.我有一支。,考点六：不定代词,a few,few,a little,little,some,any,many,much,one,none,all,both,neither,either,every,each,other,another等考点七：复合不定代词（形容词、动词不定式或else修饰复合不定代词时放在其后面）,如：Kate,I have something important to
28、 tell you.Kate.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。We need two more helpers.Anybody else?我们还需要多两个助手，还有其他人吗？,考点八：疑问代词,1.what与who:what用来询问职业；who用来询问人的身份、姓名。如：What is your mother?你妈妈是做什么的？She is a teacher.她是一名教师。Who is the woman under the tree?树下的那个女人是谁？She is my English teacher.她是我的英语老师。2.what与which：what指不定数目中的“什么”，没有一定范围的
29、限定；which指“哪一个，哪一些”，在一定范围内特指人 或物。如：What did you want to say?你想要说什么？（广泛）Which did he want?他想要哪一个？（具体）3.指人的who（主格），whom（宾格），whose（所有格）。如：Who are you talking to?你在跟谁说话？Whom are you talking to?你在跟谁说话？Whose book is this?这是谁的书？,1.Oh!I came in a hurry and forget to bring food.It doesnt matter.You can have _
30、.（2011.广东）A.we B.us C.our D.ours,真题探究,解析：考查名词性物主代词的用法。名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，可直接作主语、宾语等。,2.How dangerous!She was driving the car with one hand and holding an ice cream with _.（2011.广州）A.the other B.another C.others D.other,解析：考查不定代词的用法。the other意为“（两者中的）另一个”。,3.Nobody teaches me English.I learn it all by _.（2011.清远）A.I B.my C.myself D.me,解析：考查反身代词的用法。learn sth.by oneself是固定用法，意为“自学”。,4.My uncle is not rich,but he has many books in _ room.（2011.肇庆）A.he B.his C.him,解析：考查形容词性物主代词的用法。形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，后接名词或代词。,Bye!,
