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1、9A牛津英语unit1语法并列连词and，or，but，so用法 1.and的用法 并列连词and意为“和，又”，表示并列关系，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子，表示意思的顺延或增补。例如： Our Maths teacher is kind and heipful.我们数学老师和蔼可亲而且乐于帮助我们。(连接连个形容词） I went to the supermarket and bought some vegetables this morning.今天早上我去超市买了一些蔬菜。 Her uncle gave her a new bike as her birthday pres
2、ent and she liked it very much.她叔叔给了他一辆新自行车作为生日礼物，她非常喜欢。 and用作并列连词有多重含义，除了表示并列关系外，还可以表示目的和条件等关系。例如： Come and see my family.来见见我家人。 Be careful,and you will make fewer mistakes.如果仔细，你犯的错误就少） 2.but的用法 并列连词but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。例如： Our school is small but beatiful.我们学校虽然小但很漂亮。 The car is very o
3、ld but it runs very fast.虽然小汽车旧了，但跑得很快。 3.or的用法 并列连词or意为“或者”，表示选择关系。例如： Which do you like better ,juice or Coke?果汁和可乐，你更喜欢哪个？ Do you often go to school on foot or by bike?你经常步行去上学还是骑自行车去上学？ You can stay here, or you can leave.你可以待在这里，也可以离开。 另外，在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or，而不用and。例如： I cant speak English or Fren
4、ch.我不会将英语和法语。 英语中，“祈使句+or+简单句”结构，也是一种常用句型。句型中，or意为“否则”，祈使句相当于一个条件，可以和以“if”引导的条件状语从句进行转换。例如： Put on your coat，or you will catch a cold.穿上你的上衣，否则你会感冒的。 =If you dont put on your coat,you will catch a cold. 4.so的用法 并列连词so表示“因此、所以”之意，常用来连接两个简单句，这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系。例如： The rain began to fall,so we went home.天
5、开始下雨了，所以我们就回家了。 Everyone in the town knew him ,so we had no trouble finding his house.镇上谁都认识他，因此他们毫不费力就找到了他的家。 so和从属连词because不能一起连用。也就是说，使用了并列连词）。就不用because(从属连词）；使用了because，就不用so。例如： 他病了，没去上学。 He was ill,so he didnt go to school (本句是一个由并列连词so连接的并列句） He didnt go to school because he was ill. both an
6、d 的用法 用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词或代词。 如： Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。 The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish. 这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。 Youve given both your uncle and myself a lot of trouble. 你给了你姑父和我很多麻烦。 The food was both bad and insufficient. 食物既坏又不够吃。 说明：作为关联并列连词，它通常应连接两个相同性质
7、的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。另外，若连接两个成分作主语，谓语总是用复数。如： Both she and I are good at English. 她和我都擅长英语。 Both teaching and research work are making great strides. 教学与科研都在大踏步前进。 Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl. 她和索菲娅都喜欢这个姑娘。 not only. but (also). 1. not only. but (also).在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，also可以
8、省略。 如： He is learning not only English but (also) French. 他不但在学英语，而且还在学法语。 She speaks Russian not only in class but (also) at home. 她在课堂上和家里都说俄语。 2. not only. but (also). 用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循“就近原则”，即和but (also)后的名词或代词的数一致。 如： Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents are fond of watching football matc
9、hes. 不但周霞，而且她的父母都喜欢看足球比赛。 Not only you but also he is tired of having one examination after another.不但你，而且他也讨厌一次接一次的考试。 2. not only. but (also). 连接两个分句，当not only位于句首，前一个分句常用倒装来表示强调，而but (also)后的分句仍用陈述语序。如： Not only is the teacher himself interested in foreign films，but also all his students are begi
10、nning to show an interest in them. 不但老师自己对外国电影感兴趣，就连他所有的学生也开始对外国电影感兴趣了。 Not only does Miss Li like music, but (also) she likes sports. 李小姐不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢体育。 使用中注意两点： 1就近。指谓语形式取决于离它近的主语。 Not only the students but also the teacher reads English every day. 2、一致。not only 与 but also后面所接的词类要一致。 She can not o
11、nly sing but also dance. 1. not only but also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。例如： Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. He plays not only the piano but also the violin. They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. 1）.She
12、not only sings well but also dances beautifully. = She doesnt only sing well but also dances beautifully. 2）.句子 He not only plays the piano but also the violin 不是好的文体，因为 but also 之后的成分与 not only 之后的成分不对称。 2. not only but also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。 例如： Not only does the sun give
13、 us light but also it gives us heat. Not only did he speak English correctly， but also he speaks it fluently. Not only is this young man clever but also he is hardworking. 3. not only but also 不能用在否定句中。例如： 误： They dont fear not only hardship but also death. 正： They fear neither hardship nor death. 正
14、： They dont fear either hardship or death. 4. not only but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如： Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan. 5. not only but also 中的 not only 不能分开使用，但 but also 却可以分开使用。例如： The a
15、rea was not only hit by an unexpected heavy rain， but some bridges were also washed away. 6. not only but also 连接两个并列成分时，可以省略 but 或 also ，也可以把 but also 都省略掉。例如： I not only heard it but saw it. He was not only compelled to stay at home， also forbidden to see his friend. She not only finished the task
16、 ahead of time， she came to help us. Either.or.和.neither.nor. 的用法 一、either.or. either.or.意为或者或者；不是就是之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。例如： When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。(此句中either.or.连接两个动词，因为主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词要用其相应的形式。) either.or.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的就近原则。例
17、如： Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 注意：如果把上句变成一般疑问句，助动词形式与主语you保持一致，所以要用are提问，而不是am。例如： Are either you or I going there tomorrow? 明天是你还是我去那里？ Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑问句应为：Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你还是他在学校吃午饭？ 若要对either.or.句型进行否定时，只需把either.
18、or.换成neither.nor.即可。例如： Either you or she is good at drawing. 变为否定句应为：Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。 我们还可以单独使用either，其意为两者中的任何一个。例如： There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。这个句子也可以这样表达：There are many shops on both sides of the street. 在街道两边有许多商店。 either用在否定句的
19、句末，表示也的意思。例如： If you dont go there. I wont, either. 如果你不去那里，我也不去。 二、neither.nor. neither.nor.表示既不也不。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。例如： She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。此句中neither.nor.连接两个宾语。当neither.nor.连接两个主语时，也应遵循就近原则。例如： Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。 若将neither.nor.句型变为肯定
20、句，只需把neither.nor.改为both.and.即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如： Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。 还可以单独使用neither作主语，表示两者中没有一个。例如： Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。 neither或nor还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nor进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither / Nor+助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词+主语。例如： He doesnt go to school by bike. Neither / Nor do I. 他不是骑自行车上学，我也不是。 They didnt go to the park yesterday. Neither / Nor did we. 昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。
