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1、Competence and performance1、competence and performance 1.1 The definition According to the text book, competence is the knowledge you subconsciously possess about how to speak a language. Performance is your real world linguistic output. For my understanding ,the competence consists in the knowledge
2、 of language which the language user in principle has; the performance is the result of the psychological process that employs this knowledge-in producing or in interpreting language utterances 1.2.The Relationship Language competence and performance are interdependent and complementary to each othe
3、r. On the one hand ,language competence is the premise of language performance. Competence is to performance what composers skills is to composing or improvising music.without solid language skills can not gain a good ability of language use. On the other hand ,to improve the ability of language per
4、formance can enhance and consolidate the level of language competence .performance is reflected in the competence ,since language ability is not equal to the ability to use the language.performance can neither be replaced by nor improved in space with competence ,but to gain by training and practici
5、ng. 1.3 Example As mentioned above, Performance may accurately reflect competence, but it also may include speech errors due to slips of the tongue or memory problems, etc.To understand this distinction, it is helpful to to think about a time when youve made some sort of error in your speech. For ex
6、ample, lets say you are a native speaker of English and utter the following: I finded a beautiful place last weekend. As a proficient speaker, it isnt that you dont know that the past tense of find is found , youve just mistakenly applied the regular rule to an irregular verb. Youre unlikely to make
7、 this kind of error more than a small portion of the time, and may never say finded again. Your competence is fine - you know how to conjugate irregular English verbs, it is your performance that has let you down 2、Langue and parole 2.1 The definition Langue is the system of a language, the language
8、 as a system of signs, whereas parole is actual speech, the speech acts which are make possible by the language. Langue is what the individual assimilates when he learns a language; it is social and abstract and enables the members of a speech community to communicate linguistically. Parole, on the
9、other hand, is individual and concrete; it is the realization of the language system. In separating langue from parole, we are separating what is social from what is individual and what is essential from what is accidental. The task of linguist is to study langue, language as a system. 2.2.The Relat
10、ionship Langue is used to express the voice of the complex and the most important of human communication tool. Langue is abstract, parole specific to the speaking situation; langue not actually spoken by an individual.Parole constitutes the immediately accessible data, the linguists proper object is
11、 the langue of each community, the lexicon, grammar, and phonology implanted in each individual by his upbringing in society and on the basis of which he speaks and understands his language. when we say parole, the speaker uses the vocal cords and all kinds of vocal organ to issue voice to convey me
12、aning so that those who listen to can understand the communication process.But langue is closely related with the thinking of mankind, and the essential character that different from other animals. 2.21 the difference First,langue is abstract and parole is concrete . Parole has sound and written for
13、m,which can be saw and heard. Second,langue is a generally accepter way of communication.It is social and national,which cannot be easily changed by individual.A person shares the same langue.On the other hand,parole is simply a personal choice. Third,langue is relatively fixed and parole is tempora
14、ry.Only when a new word gains public recognition,can it be accepted as part of the langue. Finally langue denotes the abstract systematic principles of a language. Parole, on the other hand, designates individual acts, statements and utterances, events of language use. So we can see the key points a
15、re “systematic principle” and “individual language use”. 2.22 the relation From all above, we can make a clear conclusion on the relationship between langue and parole Parole is concrete; it refers to the naturally occurring language events. Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently; while parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation. That parole must depend on langue, and without parole, there would not be any existing significance for langue.I think langue and parole are interdependent. They together constitute language.
