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1、da不定式过去分词动词ing形式之功能比较 思维导图不定式 过去分词 作主不定式 语 动词ing形式 作宾不定式 语 动词ing形式 作 宾 补 不定式 To go to school on foot every day takes me half an hour. Learning new words is very important. 详细辨析见附表 Its very nice of you to be so considerate. Its not easy for you to get him to change his mind. Its dangerous your drinki
2、ng so much liquor. It is a great honor for us to be present at this rally. Its no use arguing about it. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. I made it a rule to get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running. 过去分词 动词ing形式 动词ing 作 定 语 不定式 过去分词 有些动词只能接ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语
3、 I enjoy working with you. 我喜欢和你共事。 感官动词 + 宾语 + 不带to的不定式作宾补 义主动，动作的全过程） We heard him cry out. 我们听见他大喊一声。 使役动词 + 宾语 + 不定式作宾补 They made me repeat the whole story. 他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。 使役动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词作宾补 I want to have my hair cut. 今天下午我要去理发。 Please keep us informed of the latest news. 请向我们通报事态的最 新进展。 The
4、viewers wish the serial film (to be) continued. 观众希望这部系列片继续下去。 感官动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词作宾补 I found the city greatly changed. 我发现这个城市变化很大。 动，完成） I saw the net 我看见渔网被拉了上来 。 感官动词 + 宾语 + ing形式作宾补 义主动，正在进行） I found the students studying hard. 我发现那些学生学习很用功。 使役动词 + 宾语 + ing形式作宾补 The joke set them all laughing. 这个笑
5、话让他们都笑了。 She kept me waiting for a long time. 她让我等了很长时间。 不定式作定语有以后发生之意 When you have got a whole lot, friends will jump in and come to your rescue.当你忙时，朋友会主动帮你。 不定式只能作定语 The problem is of great importance. 下个星期要在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 及物动词的过去分词作定语有被动之意 water 开水 The piano (used at the concert) is made in Fr
6、ance. 音乐会上用的那架钢琴是法国制造的。 不及物动词的过去分词作定语有完成之意 ing形式作定语有正在进行的含义 ing形式作定语有说明被修饰词的性质 (fallen ) leaves 落叶 a(retired )teacher 退休教师 an (expired )lease 过期的租约 (boiling) water沸水 The girl (playing the piano at the concert) is Mary. 在音乐会上弹钢琴的那个女孩是玛丽 a (speaking) bird会说话的鸟 (freezing) wind刺骨寒风 (running) water自来水 (s
7、leeping) bag睡袋 形式之功能比较 动词ing形式 作表不定式 过去分词 语 动词ing形式 不定式 过去分词 作 状 语 动词ing形式 通常是说明主语的内容，这时主语通常是表示目的愿望一类的名词 Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. To see is to believe. 见被动语态 表示泛指意义的动作 My hobby is growing flowers. 我的爱好是种花。 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 作目的状语They ran over to welcome the delegates. 他作
8、结果状语He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒了作原因状语We all rejoiced ridisd 们跑过去欢迎代表们。 过来，结果发现大家都走了 to hear of your success 听说你们成功了我们很高兴。 表示伴随情况作时间状语The table set, they began to have their meal. 作原因状语Her heart broken, she locked herself in the room.她非常She sat there attentively, her chin cupped in her hand
9、. 她桌子摆好以后，他们就开始吃饭。 伤心，把自己锁在房间里。 手托着下巴，全神贯注的坐在那儿。 一些比较固定的分词独立结构中一般多用过去分词 1) all told 总计 We were twenty all told. / Fifty people came all told. 2） all things considered 考虑了一切因素之后3）this accomplished 完成这项工作之后 4）this explanation given 这样解释之后5). But shes only a child when all is said and done 不管怎么说，说到底 过去
10、分词表示条件，不可代之以现在分词一般被动式 Certain poisons, used as medicines in small quantities, prove not only innocuous(无毒), but beneficial 这里强调原因， 故应用现在分词一般被动式 作时间状语 Crossing the road, he was run over by a car. Having done their homework, the students played football. 作结果状语His parents died in the war, leaving him a
11、n orphan. Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 这篇文章由于仓卒写就，因而错误百出。 作原因状语Not knowing English, he couldnt understand the film. 作让步状语Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously 作条件状语 Working hard, you will do well in the exam. 作伴随状语The children went into the class
12、room, talking and laughing. 附表： 以下动词即可接ing形式作宾语，也可接不定式作宾语，应注意区别： love like hate prefer dislike begin 喜爱 喜欢 憎恨 更喜欢 厌恶 开始 cant bear propose want need remember forget 不能忍受 建议 想要 需要 记得 忘记 love, like, dislike, prefer, propose,I dread being sick. 我特别害怕生病。 stop + 动词ing形式作 dread, cant bear, 等动词 接ingI dread
13、to think what would happen if there really were a fire here. 宾语 形式表示一般的行为，接不定式我不敢想像假如这儿真的发生火灾会是什么情景。 表示具体的动作。 I prefer playing in defense difens. 我喜欢打防守。 stop +不定式作状语 I prefer not to think about it.我不想考虑此事。 begin, start等动词之后，接ingAfter lunch it began to rain. 午饭后就开始下雨。 consider(考虑)+动词形式表示有意的动作，接不定式Ph
14、ilip began to cry. 菲利普开始哭了起来。 ing形式作宾语 表示无意的动作。 So I at once began making preparation for a trip home. 因此我立刻着手回家旅途的准备。 consider+宾语She started laughing. 她笑了起来。 +不定式作宾补 Mistakes were starting to creep in. 不知不觉间开始出错了。 try的后面接不定式表示尽力，He tried to answer calmly, without exaggeration 接ing形式表示尝试。 ig.zdrein,
15、 truly. 他尽力的做到冷静地、毫不夸张地、如实地回答。 Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 如果在前门敲门没有人听见，你就试着到后门敲敲看。 go on + ing形式 go on +不定式 go on接ing形式表示start continue intend 开始 继续 打算 try deserve dread dred 试图 ；试做 应得 极为担心 Stop crying. 不要哭。 You must stop her telling them. 你必须阻止她告诉他们。We stop
16、ped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息。 They stopped to listen, but there was no sound. 他们停下来听，但是没有声音。 We are considering buying a new car. 我们在考虑买一辆新车。 This award is considered (to be) a great honor.这项奖被是视为极大的荣誉。 We consider this award (to be) a great honor. Hes generally considered to have the finest tenor vo
17、ice in the country.普遍认为他是全国最佳男高音歌手。 I oughtnt to go on living this way. 我不应当继续以这种方式生活下去了。 Tom went on reading his paper. 他们继续读他的报纸。 He went on to talk about the world situation. 他接着谈论世界局势。 接着做原来的那件事， 接不定式表示接着做She went on to ask a string of questions about acting. 她接着问了一连串关于表演的问题。 He bitterly regrett
18、ed ever having mentioned it. 他非常懊悔提起那件事。 remember, forget等动词，接ing形式表示曾经作过的动作，接不定式表示尚未发生的动作，如记住要做某事。 need, want, deserve, require等动词之后，可接ing形式的主动语态形式，表示被动的意义。be worth之后也应接ing形式，表示被动意义。 另外一件事 I remember telling you about her. 我记得曾经和你说过她的事情。 regret+Remember to mail the letter. 要记得寄信。 He remembered to s
19、hut the door. 他没忘了关门。 动词ing形式作宾语 Ill never forget finding that rare old coin in my garden. 我永远也不会忘记是在我的花园里发现那个罕见的古钱币。 regret (很遗憾)+ 不定He forgot which way to go. 他忘记该走哪条路。 式 We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful. 我们很遗憾的通知您，您的申请未通过。 These shoes need repairing. 这双鞋子需要修补。 Your hair wants cutting. 你需要理发了。 His suggestion is worth considering. 他的建议值得考虑。
