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1、Unit1 Festivals Around the World知识点复习总结Unit1 Festivals Around the World 词汇讲义 1. take place 发生；举行 In the meantime, an economic crisis took place. The Olympic Games take place every four years. 联想拓展 take ones place = take the place of . 代替 in place of 代替 take the first place 获得第一名 易混辨析 take place / ha
2、ppen / break out / occur take place 通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。 happen 指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见 的含义；另外，还有“碰巧”之意。 break out 指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。 occur 指按计划发生，常指出现在某人的头脑中。 常见结构:It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。 It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys. It was in the church that their wedding _ _ (举行). Will you
3、 attend the meeting _ (代替) me? (就座), please! We are ready to start. 2. in memory of=to the memory of 作为对某人的纪念；纪念某人 Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people. They will build a monument in memory of the national hero. 联想拓展： in honour of 为了纪念；向表示敬意 in praise of 歌颂；称赞 in favour of 赞同, 支持 in charge
4、 of 负责 in need of 需要；缺少 in search of 寻找 in possession of 拥有 (1)This monument was built the little hero. A. in place of B. in search of C. in memory of D. in need of (2)用由“in+n.+of”构成的短语填空。 A monument was set up (纪念) the dead soldiers. 1 3. belief n. C/U 信任；信仰，信心 believe vi.& vt. 相信 常用结构： have belief
5、 in sth. / sb. 对某物/某人的真实性和正确性有信心 beyond belief 难以置信 in the belief that . 相信 It is my belief that . 我相信 It is beyond belief that He has great belief in his doctor. 他对他的医生无比信赖。 She has lost her belief in God. 她已不相信上帝。 4. dress up 盛装，打扮 (常用于dress up as sb. / dress up in sth.结构) We are supposed to _(打扮成
6、) movie characters for the party. What a novel idea! She _ (穿着) Elizabethan costume for the fancy dress ball. 常用结构： be dressed in 穿着衣服 be dressed as 打扮成 be well dressed 衣着讲究 dress oneself 穿衣，打扮 dress sb. 给某人穿衣服 get dressed 指动作 in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B
7、. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 5. trick n. C诡计；骗局；谋略；花招 One of the problems of old age is that your memory can start to play tricks on you. 窍门，招数，手法 Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language. He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend himself. The trick is to ke
8、ep your body still and your arms relaxed. play a trick/tricks on sb. 搞恶作剧;诈骗;开玩笑 The children played a trick on their teacher on April Fools Day. 联想拓展： play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑 make fun of sb. 取笑某人 laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 smile at sb. 向某人微笑 make a fool of 愚弄；嘲笑 2 用适当的介词填空。 Tom liked making fun others in
9、public. Its bad manners to laugh the disabled. These boys like playing tricks their teacher. He smiled me when he heard my funny answer. 6. 易混辨析：gain / win / get / earn / acquire gain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。 win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。 get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。 earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰
10、苦努力所得到的报酬。 acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。 Im new in the job but I have already _ experience. Please me a glass of water. His perseverance him many friends and a gold medal. He up to $50,000 a year by writing stories. After six years study, he has a good knowledge of English. 7. gather vt. 1)收集；召集
11、；使聚集(+together) He is gathering materials for a new book. The kids were gathered together in one room. 2)积聚；积蓄 This cloth gathers dust. 3)收拾；摘；采集；收割(+in/up) The girl is gathering flowers. People slowly gathered their belongings and left the hall. 4)渐增 The sled gathered speed as it moved down the hil
12、l. 5)猜想,推测+(that) I gather that he is the one in charge. 6)使皱起 She gathered her brows into a frown. 8. award vt. 授予，奖给(后多接双宾语)；判定 award sth (to sb.) award sb. sth (for sth) be awarded sth for sth The judges awarded both finalists equal points. 这位裁判判给进入决赛的选手们同样的分数. n. 奖，奖品；奖金 He got the highest award
13、 in the contest. 易混辨析：award / prize / reward 3 award既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。 prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。 reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。 He won the award for the best student of the year. A prize was given t
14、o the person who had the winning number. He received a medal as a reward for his courage. 例:Three university departments have been _ $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning. A. promoted B. included C. secured D. awarded 9. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。 admire sb. fo
15、r sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人 They admired our garden. I admire him for his success in business. Arent you going to admire my new house? admiration n.赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物 express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人 in admiration of 表示钦佩 with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地 admirer n. 钦佩者；羡慕者 admiring
16、adj 赞赏的，羡慕的 10. look forward to 期待某事/做某事(to为介词，后接名词或动名词) We should look forward to the futurity. She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to her. A. see B. have seen C. seeing D. be seeing 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The boy hurried forward (see) the world famous oil painting becaus
17、e he had been looking forward to _ (see) it for a long time. 2.I used to _ (get) up late, but now Im used to _ (get) up early. 11. as though as though / as if引导方式状语从句和表语从句： 引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened. 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。 注意:当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词be时，可把主语和be一起省略。 He looked about
18、as though (he was) in search of something. 他四下张望, 好像在寻找什么。 4 引导表语从句 It looks as if its going to rain. 看样子要下雨了。 as though as if从句和虚拟语气 一、基本用法 以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气。 1.当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,则不用虚拟语气 如： It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk 从他谈话的样子
19、来看他是醉了。 2.as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况是当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下： 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时 如： You look as if you didn” t care 你看上去好像并不在乎。 He talks as if he knew where she was 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。 从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。 如： He talks about Rome as if he had been there before 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过
20、罗马似的。 The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone 那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。 从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”。 如： He opened his mouth as if he would say something 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 It looks as if it might snow 看来好像要下雪了。 二、两点说明 (1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气： 5 It looks as if well be late. 我们似
21、乎要迟到了。 This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. 这肉吃起来似乎已经坏了。 在现代英语中，有时即使从句内容不是事实，也可能用陈述语气： I feel as if as though Im floating on air. 他感到好像漂浮在空中。 The stuffed dog barked as if it is were, was a real one. 玩具狗叫起来像真狗。 (2) 注意 It isnt as if的翻译： It isnt as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。 It isnt as
22、 if you were going away for good. 又不是你离开不回来了。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 The pencil looks as if it (break) with half of it in the glass of water. Li Ming speaks English very well as though he _ (be) an Englishman. It seems as if our team (be) going to win. He talks about pyramids as though he _ (see) them him
23、self. 12. permission n. U许可，允许 常用结构 with/without (ones) permission 得到允许/未经允许 ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可 give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事 have ones permission 得到某人的同意 permit vt. 准许，许可，允许 permit sb to do sth 允许某人干某事 permit doing sth 允许做某事 With your permission, Id like to say a few words. 完成句
24、子。 They entered the area _(未经允许). 13. turn up出席(某活动)(常用于口语)；出现；找到；把(收音机等的)音量调大一些；到场 Im sure your watch will turn up one of these days. We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn up. I cant hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit? 联想拓展： turn against 反对；背叛 turn down 调小；拒绝
25、turn off 关掉 turn on 打开；发动 turn out 结果是；证明是 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 6 turn away 走开；转过脸去；把打发走 turn in 进入；交出；上交 turn over 打翻；移交；反复考虑 turn into把变成 He promised to come yesterday, but he hasnt _ yet. A. turned in B. turned up C. turned on D. turned out 14. keep ones word 守信用；履行诺言 word意为“诺言”时，是不可数名词，不可以
26、用复数形式，其前面不可以用冠词修饰。 You should _ (信守你许下的承诺). 联想拓展： break ones word 食言 get in a word 插嘴 in a/one word=in short总而言之 in other words 换句话说 word for word 逐词 have a word with sb.与某人谈话 have words with sb. 与某人争吵 Word came that .有消息传来 15. hold ones breath 屏住呼吸 The race was so close that everyone was holding hi
27、s breathat the finish. take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸 lose ones breath 喘不过气来 out of breath 上气不接下气，喘不过气来 After arriving at the top of the mountain, we were all _ (上气不接下气). 16. apologize vi. 道歉，认错 apologize to sb for (doing) sth 因某事向某人道歉 apologize to sb that +从句 向某人道歉 You _ (必须向你的老师道歉)for being
28、 so rude. I apologized to my mother that I went home late. apology n. 道歉，谢罪 make/offer an apology to sb for (doing) sth 因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉 I must _ (向她道歉) for not going to her party. 17. obvious It is / was obvious/clear that .= obviously / clearly, .表示“很明显，显而易见”，属于It is / was
29、 + adj. / n. /p.p. + that clause 结构。 7 It is necessary / important / natural / strange + that + sb. should do sth. 做某事是有必要的/重要的/自然的、竟然怎样。 It is a pity / a shame / no wonder + that + sb. should do 遗憾的是/羞愧的是/难怪某人竟然/应该 It is said / reported / announced / expected / . + that .据说/报道/宣布/预计 Its suggested /
30、 ordered that sb. (should) do建议/要求某人某事 Its no harm drinking running water in that area. It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace. _ used to be thought that the earth was square. A. He B. What C. It D. That 17. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸 What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? The terroris
31、t set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people. 联想拓展: set off for a place 出发到某地 set about doing sth.开始(某工作);着手做某事 set out 从某地出发上路 set out to do sth.开始做某事 set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立 set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边；节省或保留金钱或时间 set down记下、写下 用set相关短语的适当形式填空。 The new government must finding solutions t
32、o the countrys economic problems. The children the fireworks(烟花) in the yard. She a bit of money every month. They a statue in honour of the national hero. Theyve on a journey round the world. 19. remind vt. 提醒；使想起 常用结构: remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. t
33、hat .提醒某人/使某人想起 I reminded Gerald of his promise. Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow. 20. starve 1) vi. 饿死；挨饿；渴望，急需要 The plants _ (急需要水). They got lost in the desert and starved to death. 8 2) vt. 使挨饿，使饿死 Shes starving herself trying to lose weight. starvation n. 挨饿；饿死 常用结构： starve for
34、sth. 渴望得到 starve to do sth. 渴望去做某事 starve to death 饿死 be starved to death 饿死 be starved of极需，缺乏 starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事 Many people _ death in the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies. A. were starved of B. starved to C. were starved D. starved for 21. feast n. 盛会
35、，宴会 a wedding feast a feast of colours a feast for the eyes 大饱眼福 the feast of Christmas The evening was a real feast for music lovers. v. (on / upon sth) We sat in the yard feasting on barbecued chicken and beer. feast ones eyes on尽情欣赏(艺术品景色等) 22. arrival n. 1)到达 We apologize for the late arrival of
36、 the train. There are 120 arrivals and departures every day. 2)到达者 Were expecting a new arrival in the family soon. With the arrival of Johns friends, the party became really enjoyable. 23. independence n.U独立,自主(from sb/sth) Cuba _Spain in 1898. The army is committed to ensuring the independence of
37、the country He values his financial independence. independent adj.独立的(of sb/sth)、自主的(of sb/sth) The police force should be independent of direct government control. Two independent research bodies reached the same conclusions. 24. clothing n. (总称)衣服，服装U Check your belongings and make sure you dont l
38、eave your articles of clothing behind. Food, clothing and shelter are everyones priorities. 9 易混辨析：clothing / clothes / cloth clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词； clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式，只能说many/some/a few clothes; cloth则指做衣服所用的布料，为不可数名词。 The industry in this area has been going from strength to
39、 strength. Its cold outside. Youd better put on more . How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl? 25. custom n. 风俗、习俗 It is the custom (for sb) to do sth做是一种习俗/惯例 Social customs are different from country to country. It is the custom for an Arab to stand close to his friend when talking. 易混辨
40、析：custom / habit custom“风俗习惯”，即社会或团体许多人长期形成的习惯。 habit指一个人的习惯、习性。 26. drown vt. drown sth with / in 把某物浸泡在液体中 be drowned in 沉浸在 a drowning man 快要淹死的人 like a drowned rat 像落汤鸡 He would drown his sadness in coffee. 27. forgive vi. & vt. 原谅；饶恕 forgive sb for (doing) sth. 原谅某人某事 forgive sb/sth. 原谅某人/某事 fo
41、rgive sb sth. 原谅某人某事 forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 Please forgive him for rudeness. Reading: 长句难句： 1. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months .在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。 Starve (v.) 1) to cause a person or an animal to suffer severely
42、or die from hunger 挨饿；饿死 Millions of people starved to death during the war. 战争中数百万人挨饿至死。 2) starve for sth ; starve sb of sth: ( cause sb to) suffer or long for sth greatly needed or wanted (使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物；缺乏 The homeless children were starved for love. 这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。 3) to feel very hungry
43、 感觉很饿。仅用于进行时态 When will dinner be ready? Im starving. 晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。 starvation (n.) : (U) suffering or death caused by lack of food 挨饿；饿死 die of starvation 饿死 starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的工资 10 2. or satisfy the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. 或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上提供帮助，也可能带来
44、危害。 harm (1) (n.): damage, injury 损害；伤害 do harm to sb = harm sb 伤害某人 do more harm than good: have an effect which is more damaging than helpful 弊大于利 If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good. 如果我们以这种方式处理问题，那可能是弊大于利。 (2) (v.): cause harm to (sb / sth) 损害或伤害某人/某事物 This event didn
