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1、词性的分类,词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。,1 名词n.student 学生 2 代词pron.you 你3 形容词adj.happy 高兴的 4 副词 adv.quickly 迅速地5 动词 v.cut 砍、割 6 数词 num.three 三7 冠词 art.a 一个 8 介词 prep.at 在.9 连词 conj.and 和 10 感叹词interj.oh 哦,句子成分,句子是阅读和写作的基础，句子成分是句子的基本单位。英语的句子成分有八种：,主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。,句子成分详解表,英语的句子成分：,一）主语：Wall
2、s have ears.He will take you to the hospital.Three plus four equals seven.To see is to believe.Smoking is not allowed in public places.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.二）谓语由_担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Action speaks louder than words.He is a teacher.Mary has been working at the
3、dress shop since 1994.,实义动词/系动词,名词,代词,数词,to do不定式,doing动名词,句子,（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。,She covered her face with her hands.We havent seen her for a long time.Do you mind opening the window?Give me four please.He wants to dream a nice dream.We need know what others are doing.,动词/动词短语
4、,介词,名词 n,代词 pron,动名词,数词,to do不定式,句子,My father is a professor.Whos that?Its me.Everything here is expensive.The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in the city.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.She is out.My job is feeding
5、animals.I feel excited.,三）表语 它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_,_的.,系动词,性质,特征,状态,名词 n,代词 pron,形容词 adj,介词短语,数词,to do不定式,句子,副词 adv.,动名词,分词,（五）定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。,They are woman workers.His father didnt write home until yesterday.Mary is a beautiful girl.The play has three acts.This i
6、s her first trip to Europe.an excited student I have nothing to eat.Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.a swimming pool,名,前,后,名词,代词,形容词 adj,数词,形容词/序数词/to do 不定式,过去分词 v-ed,to do 不定式,从句,动名词,六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。,The best fish swim near the bottom.I left the villag
7、e five years ago.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.Well send a car to fetch you.The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.If he goes,so will I.Though he is a child,he knows a lot.,地点状语,时间状语,原因状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语,条件状语,让步
8、状语,七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。,They elected me captain of the team.We try to make our country strong.We found everything in good order there.I should advise you to get the chance.I saw him going upstairs.They found the house broken in.,名词,形容词,介词短语,to do 不定式,现在分词 doing,done 过去分词,宾
9、语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构,八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语,I was elected captain of the team.Our country will be made strong.,与宾语补足语一样,英语句子的种类,简单句(simple sentence),并列句(compound sentence),复合句(complex sentence),简单句的五种基本句型,He laughed.主语+谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语The weather is very
10、cold.主语+系动词+表语She taught them physics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语We must keep the room warm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,并列句 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:,and,bothand,not only but also,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,or,eitheror,for,so,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句定语从句状语从句,主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句,
