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1、Unit 1 In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity ？ There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainl
2、y makes the workers life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.Other experts feel that giving the workers freedom to do their jobs in their own way is important and there is no doubt that th
3、is is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be production lines rather than one large one, so t
4、hat each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about.To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity？The workers themselves certainly thin
5、k this important. But perhaps they want more only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more, nor w
6、ill shorter working hours be so important to them.21.Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is NOT true ？A. To make jobs more variedB. To give the workers freedom to do their jobs in their own way.C. Degree of worker contribution.D. Demands of longer working hours.22. Why do
7、 workers want more money ？A. Because their jobs are too boring.B. In order to enjoy more spare timeC. To make their jobs more interestingD. To demand shorter working hours.23. The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers jobs more interesting _.A. they will want more
8、moneyB. they will demand shorter working hours are important factors.C. more money and shorter working hours are important factors.D. more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them.24. In this passage, the author tells us _.A. how to make the workers more productiveB. impossib
9、le factors leading to greater efficiencyC. to what extent more money leads to greater productivityD. how to make workers jobs more interesting The Internet can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask question and seek out facts behind stories and candidates, according to the
10、 head of the largest US on-line service.“But the greatest potential for public participation is still in the future,” Steven Case, Chairman of America On-line, told a recent meeting on Journalism and the Internet sponsored by the Freedom Forum （讨论会）。However, some other experts often say the new tech
11、nology of computers is changing the face of journalism, giving reporters access to more information and their readers a chance to ask questions and turn to different sources.“You dont have to buy a newspaper and be confined to the four corners of that paper any more ”,Sam Meddis, on-line technology
12、editor at USA Today, observed about the variety of information available to computer users.But the experts noted the easy access to the Internet also means anyone can post information for others to see. Anyone can say anything they want, whether its right or wrong,“said Case, Readers have to determi
13、ne for themselves who to trust.“In a world of almost infinite voices. respected journalists and respected brand names will probably become more important, not less, “Case said.The Internet today is about where radio was 80 years ago, or television 50 years ago or cable 25 years ago, he said. But it
14、is growing rapidly because it provides people fast access to news and a chance to comment on it.25. The main topic of this passage is _.A. the development of journalismB. the rapid development of the InternetC. the effect the Internet has on journalismD. the advantages of the Internet26. It can be i
15、nferred from this passage that the fact that _ may NOT be regarded as an advantage of the Internet.A. the news can be made more democraticB. the public can turn to different sourcesC. the public can get a chance to ask questionsD. anything can be posted on the Internet for others to see _27. The cor
16、rect order for the appearance of the four technologies is _A. Internet -cable -television-radioB. Radio-television-cable -InternetC. Radio-cable -television-InternetD. Television-radio-cable -Internet28. Which of the following statements is true ？A. only respected journalists can post information on
17、 the Internet for others to see.B. Respected journalists will probably become more important than before.C. Everyone is using the Internet nowD. The greatest potential of public participation of the Internet is in the near futureThere is a range of activities which require movements of about one to
18、four or five miles. These might be leisure activities, such as moving from home to swimming pool, tennis club, the theater or other cultural centers, or to a secondary or more advanced school ；or they might be movements associated with work and shopping in the central areas of cities. The use of car
19、s capable of carrying five people at 80 mph for satisfying these needs is wasteful of apace and most productive of disturbance to other road users.The use of the bicycle, or some more modern derivative of it, is probably worth more consideration than has recently been given to it. The bicycle itself
20、 is a remarkably efficient and simple device for using human muscular energy for transportation. In pure energy terms, it is four to five times as efficient as walking, even though human walking itself is twice as efficient as the movement of effective animals such as dogs of gulls. It is still wide
21、ly used, not only in some developing countries where bicycles are major means of people and goods, but in a few richer towns such as Amsterdam in Holland and Cambridge in England.It usually gives inadequate protection from the weather, is not very suitable for carrying goods, and demands considerabl
22、e muscular work to make progress against wind or uphill. It also offers its rider no protection against collisions with other vehicles. All these difficulties could, however, be greatly eliminated, if not removed, with relatively small changes in design. The whole machine could be enclosed in a plas
23、tic bubble which would provide some protection in case of accidents.It would be easy to add a small petrol or electric motor. A wide variety of designs would be possible. As in rowing, we night employ the power of the arms or the general body musculature, as well as those of the legs ； more muscular
24、 exercise would be good for the health of many people in cities, and a wide use of bicycle like muscle-powered vehicles would be a useful way to ensure this. It could also provide ample opportunities for showing off by the young and vigorous.29.The main idea of the first paragraph is that the car _.
25、 A. can satisfy the demand for speed B. causes waste of space C. produces disturbance to other road users D. is far from perfect for short range movements30.More attention should be given to the bicycle as a means of transport because it is _. A. a very efficient and simple device B. much cheaper th
26、an a car C. widely used in Amsterdam and Cambridge D. still used by rich people31. Enclosing the bicycle in a plastic bubble would _. A. make it easier to use. B. save muscular energy. C. provide protection from the weather. D. prevent it from colliding with other vehicles. 32. Which of these is unt
27、rue for the present bicycle？ A. It is far more efficient than the movement of animals. B. It offers its rider no protection. C. It is not very suitable for carrying goods. D. It can hardly be improved on. Telecommuting substituting the computer for the trip to the job has been hailed as a solution t
28、o all kinds of problems related to office work. For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes lateness and absenteeism by eliminating commuters （经常乘火车往返者）,
29、 allows periods of solitude （独处）for high -concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour traffic and improve air qua
30、lity. But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images. Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer form New
31、York City moves to the quiet Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child ；she hooks up her telephone modem connections and does office w
32、ork between calls to the doctor. These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less
33、 respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done. Management, too, must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employee
34、s situation, not the availability of technology, that precipitates （加速来临） a telecommuting arrangement. That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs of policy guidelines remains small. 33.What is the main subject of the passage ？ A. Bus
35、iness management policies. B. Driving to work. C. Extending the workplace by means of computers. D. Computers for child-care purposes. 34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for employers that is potentially solved by telecommuting ？ A. Employees lateness for work. B. Employees abs
36、ence from work C. Employees need for time alone to work intensively D. Employees conflicts with second jobs. 35.Which of the following does the author mention as a possible disadvantage of telecommuting ？ A. Small children cannot understand the boundaries of work and play. B. Computer technology is
37、never advanced enough to accommodate the needs of every situation. C. Electrical malfunctions can destroy a project D. The worker often does not have all the needed resources a home 36. Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage？ A. A scientist in a laboratory
38、developing plans for a space station. B.A technical writer sending via computer documents created at home C.A computer technician repairing an office computer network D.A teacher directing computer-assisted learning in a private shool. The payroll（工资单）register constitutes the treasurer （财务主管）departm
39、ents authority to pay the employees. Payment is usually made in the form of a check drawn on the companys regular bank account. Pre-numbered payroll checks should be used, and there should be independent verification of the agreement of the checks with the payroll register in detail and in total. Pa
40、yroll checks should be distributed directly to employees, on proper identification, by treasurers department personnel. The checks should not be returned to payroll for distribution since the payroll department would then have control over both preparing and paying the payroll, Alternatively, payrol
41、l checks may be deposited directly in the employees checking account. Payment of employees in cash is the exception rather than the rule. This form of payment is more easily influenced by errors, irregularities, and robbery than payment by check. Following payment, check numbers are entered on the r
42、egister, the preparation and payment of the payroll are programmed on a computer. A termination（结束） notice should be issued by the personnel department on the completion of an individual s employment with the company. Copies of the termination authorization should be sent to the employees supervisor
43、 and to payroll, and a copy should be filed in the employees personnel record. The proper execution of this function is vital in preventing terminated employees from continuing on the payroll. The subsequent diversion（转移）of such payroll checks to an unauthorized individual has been responsible for m
44、any payroll cheat through the years. Every company is expected to fulfill the legal requirements relevant to the filing of payroll tax returns and the payment of the resulting taxes. Ordinarily, the payroll department prepares the tax returns and a check is issued through the guarantor system in pay
45、ment of the taxes The responsibility for the filing of returns before due dates should be assigned to a payroll department supervisor. Furthermore, there should be independent verification within that department of the accuracy and completeness of the return. Effective control over tax returns is ne
46、cessary to necessary to avoid penalties for late or incorrect filings.37.According to the passage employees should be paid _.A. monthly in cash B. weekly by bankC. regularly by check D. properly in time38. Payroll checks should be _.A. identified by treasurers department personnelB. distributed to e
47、mployees by the companys bankC. sent to employees directly and responsibly by post D. deposited regularly in the employees account 39.Which of the following statements may NOT be the weakness of payment in cash ？ A. Its easily affected by mistakes.B. It may be distributed irregularly.C. There is pos
48、sibility of robbery.D. It can be done conveniently40.When an employee stops working in the company, all of the following should be done except_.A. a termination notice should be issued by the personnel departmentB. a copy of the termination authorization should be given to the employee personallyC. a copy of the termination authorization should be sent to the employees supervisorD. a copy of the termination authorization be delivered to the payroll registerUnit 2The
