初中英语句型转换训练详解及练习.docx

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1、初中英语句型转换训练详解及练习一陈述句变一般疑问句 第一种:含有be动词的句子 1.She is a girl.-Is she a girl? 2.They are students-Are they students? 3.I am a boy -Are you a boy? 4.We are sisters- Are you sisters? 对比1和2,我们发现:直接将be动词提前,再在最后加个问号就行了。 对比3和4,我们发现:把be动词直接提前外,还把I变成 you,we变成you.即第一人称变成第二人称。 所以我们可以总结出规则:含有be动词的句子变一般疑问句的方法就是: 第一步:

2、找到句子的be动词,再直接把它提前. 第二步:把第一人称变为第二人称,第三人称不变 第二种:含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can, may.),把情态动词调到句首。人称同第一种要做相应改变 例如: 陈述句:He can drive a car. 一般疑问句: Can he drive a car? 第三种:不含be动词与情态动词的句子 1.They like pens._ Do they like pens? 2.His parents play soccer_ Do his parents play soccer? 3.Iwatch TV every day_ Do you watch TV e

3、very day? 4.We play basketball after school_ Do you paly basketball after school? 5.Lucy has apples for lunch_ Does Lucy have apples for lunch? 6.He wants to go go a movie_ Does he want to go to a movie? 观察1和2:我们发现就只是在前面加了个do观察3和4:我们发现,除了在前面加了do ,还把I变成 you或把we 变成you 观察5和6:我们发现,在前面加的是does,且把“动词的单数三人称

4、形式”的s去掉了。 由此我们可以综合起来得出结论: 第一步:前面加do/does 第二步:有一人称的要变成二人称 第三步:有动词的单数三人称形式的要去掉s/es (还原) 所以,我们可以简化为:前加do/ does ;有一则变二 ;或还原 第四种: 含有have的句子 1 如何回答一般疑问句? Can you help me?你能帮个忙吗? Certainly.当然。 Could you please make less noise? 你可以小声一点吗? All right,sir.好的,先生。 Have you been there? 你到过那里吗? Never.从来没有。 一般疑问句的否定

5、式 一般疑问句的否定式,一般结构为系动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语;也可为系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+not,如: Do you not/Dont you believe me? 你不相信我? Believe me?你不相信我? Is it not / Isnt it a lovely day? 天气难道不好吗? Are you not / Arent you coming?你不来吗? Will you not /Wont you sit down? 你不坐会儿吗? Is he not / Isnt he a doctor? 他不是医生吗? Does Helen not /Doesn

6、t Helen like chocolate? 海伦不喜欢巧克力吗? Will he not /Wont he go with you?他不和你一块儿去吗? 否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问,它常常带有感情色彩。否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些。 1)否定疑问句常常带有惊异、赞叹或责难等语气,如: Havent you read the newspaper? 你没读过这份报纸呀? Wont he come?他不来了? 2)否定疑问句有时暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答,如: Shouldnt we start now? 我们现在是不是该动身了? Wasnt it an interesting

7、 film? 那部电影是不是很有趣? 3)否定疑问句有时用来表示邀请或建议,如: Wouldnt you like to go with me? 你不想和我一块儿去吗? Wont you have a cup of coffee? 你不喝杯咖啡吗? 否定的一般疑问句的答语中,yes的含义为“不”,no的含义为“是”,但在回答这类句子时,应该注意yes后接肯定结构,no后接否定结构,这和汉语习惯不同,如: 2 1.Are you not Mr Smith? 你不是史密斯先生吗? Yes,I am.不,我是。 No,I am not.是的,我不是。 2.Havent you read this b

8、ook before? 你从前没有读过这本书吗? Yes,I have.不,我读过。 No,I havent.是的,我没有。 3.Dont you play chess?你不下棋吗? Yes ,I do.不,我下棋。 No,I dont.是的,我不下棋。 教你们一招:在这样的答语中,只要根据实际情况来判断,如果事实上是,就要用yes;如果事实上不是,就要用no。 练习题: 一、改为一般疑问句 1. I can skate well. _ _skate well? 2. Kate does morning exercises every day. _ Kate_ morning exercise

9、s every day? 3. The exam begins at nine. _ the exam_ at nine? 4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. _ Ann_ the book to the library yesterday? 5. Theres something to eat in the cupboard. _ there_ to eat in the cupboard? 6. Mary likes scuba diving very much. _ Mary_ scuba diving very much

10、? 二、改为否定句,改为否定句的方法与改一般疑问句相似,找be动词,情态动词,助动词,然后就not等否定词即可。 13. She does the housework every day. She _ _ the housework every day. 14. Uncle Wang likes making things. Uncle Wang_ _ making things. 15. He returned the book to the library this morning. He_ _ the book to the library this morning. 16. The s

11、tudents of No.2 Middle School have gone for a picnic already. The students of No.2 Middle School_ gone for a picnic_ . 3 二特殊疑问句 1、特殊疑问句概述 特殊疑问句,也可称为“wh”-questions,因为它们多数都以who,where,when,which,whose,why这类词开头,如: How many oranges can you see in the picture? 你能在图画上看到多少个橘子? Where did you last see it? 你最后

12、一次看到这东西时是在什么地方呢? What did you eat yesterday? 你昨天吃了些什么? How do you usually go to school? 你通常是怎么去学校的呢? 2、特殊疑问句的构成及用法 它的结构一般为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),如: What can be done about it? 对此能做些什么呢? Which are yours?哪些是你的? Who would like to come for a game of football?谁愿意来踢场足球呀? What did yo

13、u say?你说什么? Why didnt you tell me? 你为什么没有告诉我? 特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词,如: Which present did you give to whom? 你把哪件礼物给了人啦? When and where did you meet?你们何时在何地相遇的? 特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首,如: By whom is the book written?此书是谁写的? Since when have you lived here? 你从什么时候起住在这里的? 疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的语序相同,如: Who is in the room?

14、谁在房间里? “why+一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等,而不能归为特殊问句,如: Why dont you come earlier? 你为什么不早些来呢? Why not go skiing?为何不去滑雪呢? 3、特殊疑问词 特殊疑问词可分为两类:疑问代词和疑问副词 疑问代词 疑问代词主要有五个,分别为:who,whom,which,what,whose。它们没有性和数的变化,除了who外也没有格的变化。 who谁作主语, 用来指人 Who is the girl under the tree? Who is not here? Whom谁 作宾语,用来指人 Whom

15、are you writing to? Whom do you want to see? Whose谁的用来指所属关系,如果作定语,一般后接名词 Whose pen is this? Whose are those shoes? Which哪个,哪些用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which girls will be in the sports meeting? Which hat is lilys ? What通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 4 What can you see in the picture? What is in the teachers room

16、? 疑问副词 疑问副词包括when,where,why,how及how与其他副词和形容词组成的疑问词。 when何时,询问时间 When will she return? Where何地询问地点 Where do you come from? Why为什么,询问原因 Why are you late for school? How如何询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school? How old多大,询问年龄 How old is Jims little brother? How much/many多少询问数量 How many friends

17、 do you have? How far多远,询问距离 How far is it from your home to school? How long多长、多久,询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing? How often多长时间一次,询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents? How soon多久,询问时间 How soon will you come back? 4、特殊疑问句的答语 特殊疑问句的答语的重点是对疑问词的回答非所问,因此,不再需要用yes或no。在回答时,可以用一个

18、词或词组,也可以用一个较为完整的句子。 Who has borrowed my bike?谁借了我的自行车? Jack. 杰克。或者 Jack has borrowed your bike. When did he borrow my bike?他什么时候借了我的自行车? This morning. 今天早晨。或者 He borrowed your bike this morning. Where is he?他现在在何处? At the office. 在办公室。 He is at the office. What is he doing there?他在那儿干什么呢?Working. 工作

19、 He is working. Whose bike is this?这辆自行车是谁的? Mr. Smiths. 史密斯先生的。 Its Mr. Smiths bike. 5 6 练习题 1.They bought a new bike yesterday. _ 2. She is a nurse . _ 3.She is my teacher. _ 4. He bought the red one ._ 5. It is my coat ._ 6. I am looking for my sister ._ 7. I get up at six . _ 8. I am from Hubei

20、. _ _ _ 7 9. I went to school late because I got up late._ _ _ _ 10. It is windy . _ 11. I am getting on well with it. _ 12. My bag is red . _ 13. The book is Li Huas. _ 14. I like math best. _ 15. They are five yuan . _ 16. I wash it twice a week ._ 17. He will be back in four days ._ 18. I didnt c

21、ome to class yesterday because I was ill ._ 四反意疑问句 1、反意疑问句的构成 反意疑问句是一种常用于口语的疑问句,这种问句由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加的一简短问句,中间用逗号隔开,因此,反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。如果陈述句是肯定句式,附加问句用否定句式;如果陈述句是否定式,附加问句用肯定句式。附加问句一般为“be动词+代词”构成,如: They didnt clean the classroom yesterday,did they? 他们昨天没有扫扫教室,是吗? Youre coming,arent you?你会来的,不是吗?

22、John doesnt like tea,does he? 约翰不喜欢茶,是吗? She cant swim,can she?她不会游泳,对吗? This is your car,isnt it ?这是你的车,对吧? You dont like rock music,do you ? 你不喜欢摇滚乐,对吧? 2、反意疑问句需注意的问题 附加问句中的主语要用代词,如果陈述句的主语是代词,用相应的代词即可,如果陈述句的主语是名词,用相应的代词指代该名词,如: He is your teacher,isnt he? 他是你的老师,是吧? Li lei gets up at six in the mo

23、rning,doesnt he? 李雷每天早上6点钟起床,是吗? 如果陈述句中有系动词或情态动词或助动词,附加疑问句中用与它相应的肯定或否定形式即可;如果没有,就要根据陈述句的时态选择适当的助动词,如: Tom has finished his homework,hasnt he? 汤姆己经完成了他的家庭作业,是吗? She went to Shanghai yesterday,didnt she? 她昨天去上海了,是吗? 有些句子包含表示否定意义语,也算否定句,如: Theres little water in the bottle,is there? 瓶子里没有水了,是吗? 在个别情况下,

24、前后两部分可以都是肯定或都是否定。这时有特殊的涵义,如: You sold that lovely bracelet,did you ? 你把那只漂亮手镯卖了,是吗? 3、反意疑问句的语调 通常陈述句部分用降调,附加问句用升调,如: He cant swim,can he?他不会游泳,是吗? Lily likes sports,doesnt she? 丽莉喜欢运动,是吗? 对自己的看法比较肯定而又希望听者同意这种看法时,前后都用降调: You dont like rock music,do you?期望回答:No,I dont. You like rock music,dont you?期望回

25、答:Yes,I do. 8 4、反意疑问句的答语 反意疑问句的答语一般由yes或no引导的简略答语来回答,但是要注意时态及代词的呼应,如: She is your teacher,isnt she? 她是你的老师,是吧? Yes ,she is.是的,她是。 No,she isnt.不,她不是。 Li lei gets up at six in the morning,doesnt he? 李雷每天早上6点钟起床,是吗? Yes,he is.是的,他是。 No ,he isnt.不,他不是。 在前否定后肯定的句子中,yes含义为“不”,no含义为“是”,如: She cant swim,can

26、 she ?她不会游泳,对吗? Yes ,she can.不,她会。 No,she cant.是的,她不会。 She isnt your teacher,is she? 她不是你的老师,对吧? Yes,she is.不,她是。 No,she isnt.是的,她不是。 5、一些特殊句式的反意疑问句 陈述句是I am结构,反意问句用arent I 或am not I,如: Im right,arent I?我是正确的,对吗? Im late,am not I?我迟到了,是吗? 陈述句的主语是不定代词时,如果是表示物的everything,anything,something,nothing时,反意

27、问句的主语it,谓语动词用单数,如果是表示人的everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,no one时,反意问句的主语可用they,也可用he,谓语动词用相应的单、复数,如: Nothing is serious,is it?没什么严重的,是吗? No one was hurt,were they?没有人受伤,是吗? Everybody knows what I said,dont they? 每个人都懂了我所说的,是吗? Everyone knows his job,doesnt he? 每个人都了解他的工作,是吗?

28、如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that时,疑问句的主语用it,谓语单数;如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词these,those,则疑问句的主语用they,谓语用复数,如: This is very important,isnt it? 这是非常重要的,是吗? Those are cups,arent they? 这些是茶杯,是吗? 如果陈述部分以不定代词one作主语,附加疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one,在非正式场合用you,如: One cant be too careful, can one(you)?最认真不过如此了,是吗? (5)陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式或动名词时,疑问部分的主

29、语用it,谓语用单数,如: What you said is wrong,isnt it? 你说的错了,不是吗? To learn English well isnt easy,is it? 学好英语不容易,是吗? Practising speaking English every morning will do you good,wont it? 每天早上练习说英语对你有好处,不是吗? 陈述句中的谓语动词是there be,后边的疑问部分也用there be形式,如: There is an apple on the table,isnt there? 桌子上有只苹果,是吗? Therere

30、 some trees on the island,arent there?小岛上有一些树,是吗? 陈述句谓语动词是wish,表示征求意见时,反意问句用may,如: I wish to have another piece of cake,may I? 我想再要一块蛋糕,可以吗? I wish to go home now ,may I? 我想现在就回家,可以吗? 陈述句句中有hardly,seldom,rarely,no,nothing,never,little,few,nobody,nowhere,barely,neither,tooto等表示否定意义的词时,反意问句用肯定式,如: You

31、 will never forget it ,will you? 你永远不会忘记这件事,是吗? There is nothing on the table,is there? 桌子上什么也没有,是吗? She has few friends,does she? 她几乎没有朋友,是吗? 9 如果陈述句中的否定式仅带有否定词缀,则将其看成肯定句,反意问句一般仍用否定式,如: He is unfit for his job,isnt he? 他并不适合他的工作,是吗? Thats unfair,isnt it?那是不公平的,对吗? 陈述句中的谓语动词为have/has to/had to时,其疑问部

32、分的谓语动词应用dont /doesnt/didnt He has to get up at four tomorrow,doesnt he?他明天不得不4点钟起床,是吗? They had to leave early,didnt they? 他们不得不早些离开,是吗? 陈述句中的谓语动词为used to时,其疑问部分的谓语动词有两种形式,如: He used to live in London,usednt he/didnt he?他过去住在伦敦,是吗? There used to be a cinema here before the war,usednt there/didnt the

33、re? 战争前,这儿有一家电影院,是吗? 陈述句中的谓语动词是ought to,则疑问部分的谓语动词通常用ought/oughtnt代替,如: Such things ought not to be allowed,ought they? 这样的事情是不允许的,是吗? He ought to be punished,oughtnt he? 他应该受到惩罚,是吗? 或We ought to go ,ought we not? 我们应该去,是吗?或we ought to go ,should we not? 当陈述部分有dare或need时,若dare和need为实义动词,疑问部分的谓语动词用do

34、的适当形式;若dare和need为情态动词,疑问部分用dare或need构成,如: We need to do it,dont we? 我们需要做这种事,是吗? You darent go there,dare you? 你不敢去那里,是吗? 含有情态动词must的句子 1)若陈述句中强调对现在的情况的推测,疑问部分用arent/isnt+主语,如: You must be tired,arent you? 你一定很累了吧,对吗? 2)陈述句中谓语动词是must have+过去分词时,若陈述句中强调过去情况的推测,疑问部分的谓语动词用didnt +主语,如: He must have met

35、her yesterday,didnt he? 他想必是昨天下午见过她了,是吗? 3)若陈述句中强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用havent/hasnt+主语,如: You must have seen the film,havent you? 你想必是看过这部电影,是吗? 4)若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问句的部分则用neednt,如: You must go home right now,neednt you? 你有必要马上回家,是吗? 5)当mustnt表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用may,如: You mustnt walk on grass,may you? 不许

36、在草地上走,知道吗? (15)祈使句的反意疑问句,一般在句尾加will you,如: Give me a hand,will you?帮帮我,好吗? Stop that noise,will you?别吵了,行不行? Dont forget it, will you? 别忘了它,好吗? Dont talk any more,will you? 别再说话了,好吗? 注意:在陈述部分是肯定的句子中,也可用wont you。 lets开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用shall we;let us开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用will you,如: Lets go there, shall we?我们去那里,好

37、吗? Let us go there,will you? 在口语中,也可用下面形式: Lets go fishing. All right? 我们去钓鱼,好吗? 10 主从复合句的附加问句 1)复合句的反意疑问句一般是根据主句的主语和谓语形式构成反意疑问部分的,如: He said that we were happy,didnt he? 2)复合句的主句是I think时,附加问句要根据主句而定,主语是第一人称时,要根据从句而定,主语为第二、三人称时,与主句保持一致,并且要注意否定的转移, I suppose he is serious,isnt he? 我想他很严肃,是吗? You thi

38、nk she is a good teacher,dont you? 你认为她是一个好老师,是吗? I believe he can find her mother nowhere,can he? 我相信他到哪里也找不到她的妈妈,不是吗? I expect they will win the match,wont they? 我希望他们赢得那场比赛,不是吗? Your brother thinks you can do the job well,doesnt he? 你弟弟认为你能把这项工作做好,不是吗? I dont think he is the suitable man for the job,is he? 我认为他不是做那项工作的合适人选,不是吗? 并列复句的反意疑问句 这种反意疑问句,其疑问部分一般与最接近的分句的主、谓语保持一致,如: We must start at once or we cant get there on time,can we? 我们必须马上出发,否则我们将不能按时到达那里了,对吗? He is a teacher but his wife isnt a teacher,is she? 11

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