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1、动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在
2、分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、 动词-ing形式作定语 1 单个
3、的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordi
4、nary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?+ sb + doing sth I fel
5、t somebody standing behind me. 2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补） We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。 I wont have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式 和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We heard the telephone ring. We heard the telephone ringing. 前
6、者表示动作正在进行，后者表示动作的全过程。 四、动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。 (= After we have made full preparations.) 2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Bein
7、g ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill.) 3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = and left him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱. 4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons. .如果你努力学习，就一定能成
8、功。 5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = Although they knew all this. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = .and stared at the sky for a long time 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 练习题 1. Fill in the blanks wi
9、th the correct form of verbs. 1) _(clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 2) All of us watched the hunter _ (bring) down the dangerous bear. 3) When he woke up, he found himself _ (lie) in hospital. 4) Electricity lines were brought down by _ (fall) trees in the storm. 5) The tall
10、building _ (build) now will be a hospital. 6) The man _ (wear) a sad look said, Ive lost my wallet. 7) What is a water can used for? Its used to _ (water) flowers or something like that. 8) There was a terrible noise _ (follow) the sudden burst of light. 9) The missing boy was last seen _ (play) nea
11、r the river. 10) In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _ (point) at another person. 2.-ing形式作补语练与析 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Though I have often heard this song _, I have never heard you _ it. A. being sung; sang B. sang; singing C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing 2. It was so co
12、ld that they kept the fire _ all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned 3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 4. Did you meet anyone _ at the party? No, in fact, I found the party rather _. A. interesting;
13、 boring B. interested; boring C. interesting; bored D. interested; bored 5. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing 6. Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 7. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
