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1、外研七年级下册英语语法专题复习下册重要知识点梳理 语法知识点 1.词类：物主代词、情态动词can和方位介词短语 2.时态：一般将来时态和一般过去时态 3.句型：特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和选择疑问句 词类 1) 物主代词：表示所属关系的代词 单 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词：必须和名词在一起。My father, your teacher. 物主代词 名词性物主代词:相当于与之相对应的形容词性物主代词+名词。 This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt. 练习 选择题。 1. Look at
2、. A. him B. he C. his 2. I drive to the park every day. A. they B. their C. them 3. classroom is big. A. we B. us C. Our 4. I love . 复 数 形容性物主代词 our your their 名词性物主代词 ours yours Theirs 词 mine yours his hers its 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its 名词性物主代 1 A. she B. her C. hers 5. Do you know ? A. I B. my
3、C. me 6. I am son. A. they B. their C. them 7. This is not _ desk. My desk is over there. A. I B. my C. me 8. Can you spell _ name, Harry? Sorry. A. you B. your C. yours 9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _ room. A. they B. them C. their 10. We are in the same class. _ classroom is very nice. A.
4、our B. my C. ours 11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. Im _ student. A. he B. his C. him 12. Thats a cat. _ name is Mimi. A. It B. Its C. Its 用括号里的代词的适当形式填空 1, Mr Yang is _(we) teacher._(him) is from Beijing. _(his) teaches_(our) English. 2, Look,there is a cat._(they) is Lilys._(it) name is Mimi. 3, Let_(
5、I) tell _(she) about_(he) life at school. 4, This is _(they) room.Where is _(our)? 5, Dont use the eraser._ is _(me). 6, The lady under the tree is _(me) aunt._(her) often sings with _(she) husband 2) 情态动词can 1.含义：表达人或物的能力，能或会 2.特点：情态动词can没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。 3.否定形式：cannot(正式用法)cant(口语) 4.句型结构： 肯定句：
6、主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can swim well. 否定句： 主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can not swim well. 一般疑问句： 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ？ 2 Can she / they swim well? Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they cant. 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ? Why can she / they swim well? Who can
7、 swim well? 练习： ( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building. A. must B. cant C. shouldnt ( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should ( )3) - you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant. A. Can B. Cant C. Should 4. I can run fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句) 5. He
8、can play basketball well. _ he _ basketball well? 3) 介词 over 正上方 behind/at the back of 在.后面 on on the left of. 在左边 next to/near 在附近，紧挨着 in the front of 在里面的前面 under .在.正下方 in front of.在.前面 between .and .在两者之间 Lingling sits between Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间 among 在三者或三者以上之间 Miss Li is among lots o
9、f students. 李老师在许多同学之间 注意：介词短语常和be动词连用。 on the right of. 在右边 3 时态 1) 一般将来时 时间状语：in+一段时间；tomorrow；in the future; next+时间；this+时间 be going to 的用法。 含义：计划，打算做某事 将来时句型结构： 一般将来时 be going to+动词原形 肯定句结构：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他. 否定句结构：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他. 一般疑问句：be动词提前 Be +主语+going to +动词原形+其他？ 肯定回答：Y
10、es，主语+be. 否定回答：No，主语+be not. 注意：表示计划到某地去，谓语动词go与going重复，一般只说be going to +地点. come/go/arrive/leave等表示位置转移的动词可用于现在进行表将来。 Eg: I am going to London next year. She is going to check her email. Look! The bus is coming. 由shall和will引导的一般将来时 含义：将会 特点：助动词shall和will没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。 shall在一般将来时中，一般用于第一人称之后。
11、例如：I/We shall have an English lesson.我们将有一节英语课。 否定形式：shall notshant will notwont 将来时句型结构: 肯定句：主语+shall/will+do 否定句：主语+shall/will+not+do 一般疑问句：shall/will+主语+ do 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ shall/will+主语+do 4 2) 一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2标志性时间状语：yesterday, last week, last mon
12、th, last year, two months ago, the day before yesterday，in 1990 (在XX年), in those days 等表示过去的时间状语连用。 3动词结构：V-ed 动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式： l
13、ose(丢失) -lost make(制造) -made mean(意思) -meant meet(见) -met pay(付) -paid say(说) -said sell(卖) -sold send(送)-sent sit(坐) -sat sleep(睡) -slept smell(嗅) -smelt spell(拼写) -spelt spend(度过) -spent stand(站) -stood teach(教) -taught tell(告诉) -told win(赢) -won think(想) -thought understand(理解) -understood begin(
14、开始) -began blow(吹) -blew break(打破) -broke choose(选择) -chose do(做) -did draw(画) -drew drink(喝) -drank drive(驾驶) -drove eat(吃) -ate fall(落下) -fell fly(飞) -flew 5 forget(忘) -forgot give(给) -gave go(去) -went grow(成长) -grew know(知道) -knew lie(躺) -lay-lain ring(按铃) -rang write(写) -wrote ride(骑) -rode see(
15、看见)-saw show(出示) -showed 4. 句式变化规则： Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： wake(弄醒) -woke sing(唱) -sang speak(讲话) -spoke steal(偷) -stole wear(穿) -wore swim(泳) -swam take(拿) -took throw(扔) -threw become(成为) -became come(来) -came run(跑) -ran am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。 are在一般过去时中变为were。 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在wa
16、s或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim went home yesterday. Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday? What did Jim do yesterday
17、? 6 练习： 一、填空 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. Nancy is going to go camping. Nancy _ going to go camping. 4. Ill go a
18、nd join them. I _ go _ join them. 5. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow. _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30. _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.Tom _ (visit) a farm last week. 2. The twins _ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday mornin
19、g. 3. I _ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday. 4. My father _ (be) in London last year. 5. What_ (do) you do three days ago? 6. _ (be) there any parks here in 1950? 7. What_(do) you do just now? I _ (wash) my clothes. 三、改写句子 1. We are all happy.(改成一般过去时) We _ all happy. 2. I visit my grandpare
20、nts every week. (用last week代替every week) _ 7 3 There were some zebras in the zoo last year. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) _ 四、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 3. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to
21、school by bike. 4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 6. What _ (do) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 7.
22、 Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 8. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 9. I _ (plan) for my study now. 句型 1) 特殊疑问句。 含义：以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。 特殊疑问词总结： what 什么 what day 星期几 What day is it today? what size 多大尺码 What size are your shoes? what time =when 什么时间 what colour 什么颜色 what size 多大号 when
23、什么时候 8 where 什么地方 who 谁 which 哪一个 why 为什么 how 怎么样 how many多少How many books do you have ? 多少How much water is there in the glass? How much 多少钱 How old 几岁 多长How long is this ruler? How long 这把尺子有多长？ 多长时间How long do you go to school ? 你去学校要多长时间？ How often 多久 How soon How soon will he come back ? How fa
24、r 他多久才能回来？ How heavy 句型结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句 ？ Eg :Why do you like watching TV ? 练习： 就划线部分提问。 1He often has lunch in the factory he often lunch？ 2They will come back in a month will they come back？ 3He hurt his leg last Sunday he hurt his leg ？ 4I got up at six this morning you up this morning ？ 5They wer
25、e drawing a horse when I came in 9 they when I came in ？ 6I didnt go to school because I had a bad cold you go to school？ 7Youd better take the No3 bus bus I better take？ 8Hes feeling well he feeling ？ 9The girl in a red coat is my sister is your sister？ 10He comes to China once a year he to China？
26、11. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (对括号部分提问) _? 12. My father goes to work by car. ( 改为特殊疑问句 ) _? 13. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 对括号部分提问 ) _? 14. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 对括号部分提问 ) _ _ can you dial to call the police 15. Ted put his bag i
27、n the desk . ( 改为特殊疑问句 ) _ _ Ted _ in the desk? 16. The students ( went camping ) last week. (对括号部分提问) 10 _? 17. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (对括号部分提问) _ _ Diogenes _ _? 18. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exercise). (对括号部分提问) _ _ the way to _ _? 2) 祈使句 祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主
28、语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句 动词原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 Be + adj. Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！ Lets + 动词原形 Lets go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。 2. 否定的祈使句：有be动词直接加not,没有加dont 3) 感叹句 由what引导的感叹句： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语 ！. What a clever girl she i
29、s! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ 由how引导的感叹句： How+adj.+主语+谓语 ！. How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ 练习 1. _ fast the boy ran! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances! A. How, h
30、ow B. What, what C. How, what D. What, how 3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 11 5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4) 选择疑问句 选择疑问句是指提供两种或多种情况供对方选择的疑问句，选项之间要用连词or连接。 注意：or连接的是两种同类的事物，且回答不能用yes或no。 Are you a doctor or a teacher？ 你是医生还是教师？ Im a teacher. Which would you like， tea or coffee？ 你想要哪样，是茶还是咖啡？ Id like some tea. 12
