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1、 第一章 线性规划及单纯形法1用Xj(j=1.25)分别代表5中饲料的采购数,线性规划模型:2.解:设x表示在第i个时期初开始工作的护士人数,z表示所需的总人数,则3解:设用i=1,2,3分别表示商品A,B,C,j=1,2,3分别代表前,中,后舱,Xij表示装于j舱的i种商品的数量,Z表示总运费收入则:5. (1) Z = 4 (2)解:如图:由图可得:即该问题具有唯一最优解(3)无可行解(4)如图:由图知,该问题具有无界解。6(1)(2)71)系数矩阵A: (B,b)= y1=(0,16/3,-7/6,0,0,0)T同理y2=(0,10,0,-7,0,0)T y3=(0, 3,0,0,7/2
2、,0)T y4=(7/4,-4,0,0,0,21/4)T y5=(0,0,-5/2,8,0,0)T y6=(0,0,3/2,0,8,0)T y7=(1,0,-1/2,0,0,3)T y8=(0,0,0,3,5,0)T y9=(5/4,0,0,-2,0,15/4)T y10=(0, 3,-7/6,0,0,0)T y11=(0,0,-5/2,8,0,0)T y12=(0,0,-5/2,3,5,0)T y13=(4/3,0,0,0,2,3/4)T y14=(0,10,0,-7,0,0)T y15=(0, 3,0,0,7/3,0)T y16=(0,0,3/2,0,8,0)T 基可行解:(每个x值都大于
3、0),(y3,y6,y8,y12,y13,y15,y16) 最优解:(y3,y6, y15,y16) Zmax=3p2 p3 p4,p2 p3 p5,p3 p4 p5,p2 p4 p5为奇异,只有16个基。解:(2)该线性问题最多有个基本解。基本解 Z基本可行解最优解1X1X2X3X42-411/20032/5011/503-1/30011/6401/22050-1/202600118.基的定义 X1 X2 X3所对应的列向量可以构成基 B 由 X1 X2 X3 列向量构成 = N 由 非基变量对应的向量构成 = (B,b)= B对应的基解:(-13/5,37/5,0,0,3/5)9解:(1)
4、由图知: 单纯形法:化为标准形如下:C10500bCBXBX1X2X3XR0X3341090XR52018检验数1050000X3014/51-3/521/510X112/50-1/58/5检验数010-2-165X2015/14-3/143/210X110-1/73/70检验数00-5/14-25/14-35/2所以:其中: 9.2) A点最大 Z= 8 化为标准形:C2-100bCBXBX1X2X3X40X33510150X4620124检验数2-1000X3041-1/23X111/301/64检验数0-10-1/3-8 0点(0,0,15,24) A点(4,0,3,0) Zmax=81
5、0.解1)要使A(0,0)成为最优解则需C0且d0; 2)要使B(8/5,0)成为最优解则 C0且d=0或C0且d0; 3)要使C(1,3/2)成为最优解则 -5/2-C/d-3/4且Cd0;即5/2C/d3/4且Cd0;4)要使D(0,9/4)成为最优解则C0或C=0,d011.(1)化为标准型: C2-11000bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X60X4311100600X51-12010100X611-100120检验数2-1100000X404-51-30302X11-12010100X602-30-1110检验数01-30-20-200X40011-1-2102X1101/201/21
6、/215-1X201-3/20-1/21/25检验数00-3/20-3/2-1/2-25(2)C2350000bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6X70X42231000120X5122010080X64060010160X7043000112检验数235000000X402010-1/2040X5-1/32001-1/303/85X32/301001/603/80X7-24000-1/214检验数-4/33000-5/60-40/30X410010-1/4-1/220X52/30001-1/12-1/22/35X32/301001/608/33X2-1/21000-1/81/41检验数1/60
7、000-11/24-3/4-49/30X40001-2/3-1/81/412X110002/3-1/8-3/415X30010-11/41/223X201003/4-3/16-1/83/2检验数0000-1/4-7/16-5/8-33/2(3)标准型:C35000bCBXBX1X2X3X4X50X31010040X402010120X53200118检验数350000X3101004X20101/206X5300-116检验数300-5/20-30X30011/3-1/32X20101/206X1100-1/31/32检验数000-3/2-1-36(4)标准型C-11-1-11-11-11-M
8、-M-M0bCBXBX1X2X3X4X4“X5X5“X6X6“X7X8X9X10-MX71001-1001-110009-MX831-400002-201002-MX91.200-112-2001060X10043000000000112检验数5M-1M+1-1-2MM-11-MM+11+M5M-11-5M000017M-MX70-1/34/31-1001/3-1/31-1/30028/3-1X111/3-4/300002/3-2/301/3002/3-MX90-1/310/300-114/3-4/30-1/31016/30X10043000000000112检验数04/3-2/3M14/5M
9、-7/3M-11-MM-1M+15/3M-1/3-5/3M+1/30-5/3M+1/300-41/3M-2/3-M待添加的隐藏文字内容3X70-1/501-12/5-2/5-1/51/51-1/5-2/5031/5-1X111/5000-2/52/56/5-6/501/52/5014/5-1X30-1/10100-3/103/102/5-2/50-1/103/1008/50X10043/100009/10-9/10-6/56/503/10-9/10136/5检验数0-1/5M+11/100M-11-M2/5M-17/10-2/5M+17/103/5-1/5M1/5M-3/50-6/5M-7/5
10、M0-31M/5-22/5(5)解:标准化:C62108000bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6X70X556-4-4100200X63-328010250X74-21300110检验数6210800000X521-208114600X6-510200-2510X34-21300110检验数-34220-2200-10-1000X5110012120702X2-510201-2510X3-601702-320检验数7600-660-2234-210由表可得, 因此问题的解无界。(6)化为:标准形:Z=-Z(I)C-x-1-1000bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6-XX1100-40-25-1
11、X20102-313-1X30012-565检验数0004-4x-87-2x5x+8 如图:1. 1. X7/2 时,检验数0 ,最优解:(5,3,5,0,0)T2. 2. 1X7/2时,4-4X0由(I)得:C-x-1-1000bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6-XX1101/3-10/3-5/3020/3-1X201-1/65/3-13/6013/60X6001/61/3-5/615/6检验数00X/3-7/6-10X/3+5/3-5X/3-13/6020X/3+13/63. X -2X+70 C-x-1-1000bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6-XX11200-6011-1X201/2
12、01-3/21/23/2-1X30-110-252检验数02x-200-6X-2511X+2检验数0,列系数0,所以解无界。4.-3/2X4-4X0C-x-1-1000bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6-XX1100-10/3-5/3020/3-1X20105/3-13/6013/6-1X60011/3-5/615/6检验数X/3-7/6-10X/3+5/3-5X/3-13/620X/3+13/6判断检验数的符号:1)1/2X 1 ,所有检验数 0(1/2X2)-1.3X1/2时表(A)C-x-1-1000bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6-XX11200-600110X403/5-1/101
13、-13/100013/100X60-1/51/50-2/5112/5检验数02X-1-10-6X011X对-6X讨论,令-6X=0 X=01 0X1/2时, 检验数0 (0X1/2)2-1.3X0 又 X5列的系数 0 ,所以解无界3) -1.5X0 ,又 X5的列的系数0,所以解无界(7)解:化为标准形:C164000000-M-M-MbCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10X11X120X4-122100000000130X54-41010000000200X612100110000017-MX101000000001001-MX110100000-100102-MX12001
14、00000-10013检验数1+M6+M4+M000-M-M-M0000X4-1021000200-2090X54010100-40040260X61010010200-2013-MX10100000-10010016X20100000-100102-MX1200100000-10013检验数1+M04+M000-M6-M0-6-M00X4-1001000220-2-230X54000100-4104-1250X61000010210-2-110-MX10100000-10010016X20100000-1001024X300100000-10013检验数1+M00000-M6410-6-M-
15、4-M0X4000100-1221-2-240X500001004-41-44-1210X6000001121-1-2-191X1100000-10010016X20100000-1001024X300100000-10013检验数0000001640X80001/200-1/2111/2-1-120X5000210205-20-5290X6000-10120-1-20151X1100000-10010016X20101/200-1/2011/21/2-144X300100000-10013检验数000-30040-20X80001/401/4013/40-1-3/413/40X500031-
16、100600-6240X7000-1/201/210-1/2-101/25/21X1100-1/201/200-1/2001/27/26X20101/401/4003/400-3/421/44X300100000-10013检验数000-10-2000-47即:(8)解:化为标准形:C1-11-31-1-3-M-M-M-MbCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10X11-MX8003011010006-MX9012-1000010010-MX10-100001000100-MX11001001100016检验数1-MM-16M+1-M-31+M-1+3M3+M00001X30011/
17、31/301/30002-MX9010-1-2/3-2/30-2/31006-MX10-100001000100-MX110000-1/32/31-1/30014检验数1-MM-10-M-32/3-MM-1/3M-30001X300101/31/301/30002-1X2010-1-2/3-2/3001006-MX10-1000010-2/30100-MX110000-1/32/31-1/30014检验数1-M00-45/3M-2M-3001X300101/20-1/21/200-1/20-1X2010-1-101-110110-MX10-10001/20-3/21/201-1/2-61X60
18、000-1/213/2-1/2003/26检验数1-M00-41/2M-1001X3111000100-110-1X2-200-100-2012-2-21X5-200010-3102-3-12-1X6-10000100100检验数-100-400-312(1)解:标准形:1C2-12000-M-M-MbCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9-MX7111-1001006-MX8-1010-100102-MX902-100-10010检验数2-1+3M2+M-M-M-M000-MX7103/2-101/210-1/26-MX8-1010-100102-1X201-1/200-1/2001/
19、20检验数205/2M+3/2-M-M1/2M-1/200-MX75/200-13/21/21-3/2-1/232X3-1010-100102-1X2-1100-1/2-1/201/21/21检验数5/2M+7/200-M3/2M1/2M02X1100-2/53/51/52/5-3/5-1/56/52X3001-2/5-2/51/52/52/5-1/516/5-1X2010-1/5-1/5-2/51/51/52/58/5检验数0007/5-3/5-6/5由表可知此题解无界。2得一辅助问题:C000000-1-1-1bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9-1X7111-1001006-1
20、X8-1010-100102-1X902-100-10010检验数031-1-1-1000-1X7103/2-101/210-1/26-1X8-1010-1001020X201-1/200-1/2001/20检验数005/2-1-11/200-3/2-1X75/200-13/21/21-3/2-1/230X3-1010-1001020X2-1100-1/2-1/201/21/21检验数5/200-13/200X1100-2/53/51/52/5-3/5-1/56/50X3001-2/5-2/51/52/52/5-1/516/50X2010-1/5-1/5-2/51/51/52/58/5检验数0
21、00000-1-1-10C2-12000bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X62X1100-2/53/51/5-1X3001-2/5-2/51/52X2010-1/5-1/5-2/5检验数0-334/5由表知此题属于解无界(2)大M法,先化为标准形:Z=-ZC-4-100-M-MbCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X60X41201004-MX51100103-MX643-10016检验数5M-44M-1-M0009M0X405/41/4105/2-MX501/41/4013/2-4X113/4-1/4003/2检验数0M/4+2M/4-1003M/2+6-1X2011/54/502-MX5001/5-
22、1/511-4X110-2/5-3/500检验数00M/5-7/5-M/5-8/50M+2-1X2010110X3001-15-4X1100-12000-39 原问题唯一最优解二阶段法:引入人工变量 X5 X6得原问题的一个辅助问题:C0000-1-1bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X60X41201004-MX51100103-MX643-10016检验数54-100090X405/41/4105/2-MX501/41/4013/2-4X113/4-1/4003/2检验数01/41/4003/2-1X2011/54/502-MX5001/5-1/511-4X110-2/5-3/500检验数00
23、1/5-1/501-1X2010110X3001-15-4X1100-12检验数000-10C-4-100bCBXBX1X2X3X4-1X2001-150X301011-4X1100-12检验数000-39(3)标准形:C-23-1000-M-MbCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8-MX7142-100108-MX83200-10016检验数-2-4M6M+32M-1-M-M0003X21/411/2-1/4001/402-MX85/20-11/2-10-1/212检验数5/2M-11/40-M-5/21/2M+3/4-M003X2013/5-3/101/1003/10-1/109/5-
24、2X110-2/51/5-2/50-1/52/54/5检验数00-18/513/1003X25/2100-1/2001/230X450-21-20-124检验数0-103/20-M-M由表知此题解无界;(6)两阶段法:C000000-1-1bCBXBX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8-1X7142-100108-1X83200-10016检验数462-1-10000X21/411/2-1/4001/402-1X85/20-11/2-10-1/212检验数5/2M-11/40-M-5/21/2M+3/4-M000X2013/5-3/101/1003/10-1/109/50X110-2/51/5-2/50-1/52/54/5检验数000000-1-