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1、马克思主义政治经济学Marxist political economics马克思主义政治经济学的方法methods of Marxist political economics古典经济学classical economics空想社会主义utopian socialism劳动过程labour process生产力 productivity生产关系 relations of production生产方式 mode of production劳动对象 objects of labour劳动资料means of labour体力劳动manual labour脑力劳动mental labour经济基础
2、economic base上层建筑 super structure生产 production交换 exchange分配 distribution消费 consumption经济规律economic law基本经济规律basic economic law唯物辩证法 materialist dialectics科学抽象法 scientific abstraction归纳和演绎法induction and deduction经济制度 economic system简单协作simple cooperation工场手工业manufacture产业革命Industrial Revolution机器大工业m
3、odern mechanical industry资本主义工业化capitalist industrialization资本主义所有制capitalist ownership资产阶级bourgeois无产阶级proletariat经济机制 economic mechanism计划经济planned economy市场经济market economy自然经济 natural economy商品经济commodity economy原始社会primitive society奴隶社会slave society封建社会feudal society资本主义社会capitalist society社会主义
4、社会 socialist society共产主义社会 communist society具体劳动concrete labour抽象劳动abstract labour价值量 amount of value个别劳动时间individual labour time社会必要劳动时间 socially necessary labour time劳动价值理论labour theory of value供求规律law of the supply and demand竞争规律law of the competition价格机制price mechanism价值规律law of the value通货紧缩 de
5、flation通货膨胀inflation纸币流通规律law of the circulation of paper money纸币paper money货币流通规律law of the circulation of money价值符号symbols of value信用货币credit money货币形式money form一般等价物universal equivalent相对价值形式relative form of value一般价值形式universal form of value等价形式equivalent form of value总和的或扩大的价值形式total or expande
6、d form of value简单的或偶然的价值形式elementary or accidental form of value价值形式form of value社会劳动social labour私人劳动individual labour劳动生产率labour productivity复杂劳动complex labour简单劳动simple labour商品commodities商品交换exchange of commodities价值value交换价值exchange value使用价值use value资本 capital资本总公式general formula for capital商品
7、流通 circulation of commodities劳动力 labour power劳动力的使用价值use value of the labour power劳动力价值 value of labour power雇佣劳动hired labour雇佣劳动制度hired labour system劳动过程labour process价值形成过程 process of creating value价值增殖过程process of producing surplus value工作日working day必要劳动necessary labour剩余劳动surplus labour剩余价值 sur
8、plus value不变资本constant capital可变资本 variable capital剩余价值率 rate of surplus value计件工资piece wages计时工资time wages名义工资nominal wages实际工资 real wages绝对剩余价值absolute surplus value相对剩余价值relative surplus value超额剩余价值 extra surplus value个别价值individual value社会价值social value剥削 exploitation资本主义简单再生产capitalist simple r
9、eproduction资本主义扩大再生产capitalist reproduction on extended scale资本原始积累primitive accumulation of capital资本技术构成technical composition of capital资本价值构成value composition of capital资本有机构成 organic composition of capital失业unemployment相对过剩人口 relative surplus-population绝对过剩人口 absolute surplus population流动的过剩人口 f
10、loating surplus population潜在的过剩人口 latent surplus population停滞的过剩人口stagnant surplus-population资本集中centralization of capital资本积聚concentration of capital资本主义积累的历史趋势historical tendency of capitalist accumulation资本主义积累的一般规律general law of capitalist accumulation成本价格 cost price利润 profit利润率 rate of profit平均
11、利润 average profit平均利润率 average rate of profit产业利润industrial profit商业资本commercial capital商业利润commercial profit借贷资本loan capital利息interest职能资本家functional capitalist银行资本banking capital银行利润profit of bank资本主义地租capitalist rent级差地租 differential rent绝对地租 absolute rent超额利润 extra profit自由竞争资本主义 laisser-faire c
12、apitalism垄断资本主义 monopoly capitalism圈地运动 enclosure movement in England生产集中centralization of production垄断monopoly垄断资本 monopoly capital垄断价格monopoly price垄断利润monopoly profit垄断组织monopolies帝国主义imperialism短期价格协定 temporary price agreement辛迪加 syndicate卡特尔cartel托拉斯trust康采恩 konzern(concern)国家垄断资本主义 state monop
13、oly capitalism罗斯福新政Rossevelts New Deal福利国家制度welfare state system持股公司holding company资本主义基本矛盾basic contradiction of capitalism生产社会化socialization of production资本循环 circuit of capital资本周转turnover of capital产业资本industrial capital产业资本家industrial capitalist职能资本functional capital产业资本industrial capital货币资本mo
14、ney capital生产资本 productive capital商品资本 commodity capital流通过程process of circulation资本周转速度velocity of turnover of capital资本周转时间 time of turnover of capital流通时间time of circulation固定资本 fixed capital流动资本circulating capital固定资本磨损 wear and tear of fixed capital有形磨损(物质磨损)visible damage无形磨损(精神磨损) moral depre
15、ciation折旧depreciation预付资本advanced capital年剩余价值率annual rate of surplus value个别资本individual capital社会资本 social capital社会资本的再生产reproduction of the social capital社会总产品 aggregate social product生产资料 means of production消费资料 means of subsistence经济危机economic crisis生产相对过剩 relative overproduction危机 crisis萧条Dep
16、ression停滞膨胀 stagflation生产无政府状态anarchy of capitalist production资本主义再生产的周期性cyclical fluctuation of capitalist reproduction固定资本更新 replacement of fixed capital金融资本 financial capital金融寡头 financial oligarch参与制system of holdings需求管理demand management财政政策public finance policy税收政策 tax policy财政支出 fiscal expend
17、iture财政收入 fiscal revenues“时延” time lag自动稳定器built-in stabilizer财政赤字 fiscal deficit货币政策monetary policy公开市场业务open-market operations法定准备金率 legal reserve rate再贴现利率rediscount-rate政府债券 government bond资本主义国有化capitalist nationalization资本主义经济计划化 planning in capitalist economy反垄断法 antitrust law马克思主义经济学著作在中国的传播
18、 dissemination of Marxist economic works in China新民主主义经济 new_democratic economy新民主主义革命 new_democratic revolution新民主主义三大经济纲领 three general economic programmes for the Chinese new_democracy公营经济 public economy中国土地改革 land reform in China从资本主义向社会主义的过渡transition from capitalism to socialism过渡时期多种经济成分 mani
19、fold economic sectors in the transition period没收官僚资本 confiscation of bureaucrat capital稳定物价 stabilizing commodity prices过渡时期总路线 general line for the transition period中国的社会主义改造 socialist transformation in china中国农业的社会主义改造 socialist transformation of agriculture in China农业合作化 agricultural cooperation
20、movement of China农业生产互助组 agricultural producers mutual aid team农业生产合作社 agricultural producerscooperative初级农业生产合作社 elementary agricultural producerscooperative高级农业生产合作社 advanced agricultural producerscooperative中国手工业的社会主义改造 socialist transformation of the handicraft in China中国资本主义工商业的社会主义改造 socialist
21、 transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in China赎买政策 policy of redemption中国过渡时期国家资本主义 national capitalism of the transition period in China公私合营 joint state-private ownership中国的社会主义初级阶段 primary stage of socialism in China社会主义社会的经济制度 economic system of socialist society社会主义生产方式 socialist m
22、ode of production计划经济 planned economy社会主义基本经济规律 basic economic law of socialism按劳分配规律 law of distribution according to work社会主义社会的生产资料所有制 owership of the means of production of socialist society社会主义国家所有制 socialist state ownership社会主义国营经济 socialist state operated economy集体所有制 collective ownership社会主义
23、合作经济 cooperative economy in socialist society城镇集体所有制经济 collective economy in cities and towns个体经济 individual economy私营经济 private sector of the economy中外合营企业 Chinese-foreign joint ventures and co-operative enterprises外商独资企业 exclusively foreign-owned enterprises人民公社 peoples commune社会主义社会的公共财产 public p
24、roperty in socialist society社会主义社会的个人财产 individual property in socialist society物质鼓励和精神鼓励相结合 combination of material reward and moral encouragement社会主义市场经济socialist market economy计划经济 planned economy市场经济market economy公司corporation股票equity市场market金融市场 financial market劳动市场labor market市场失灵market failur
25、e国内生产总值 gross domestic product中央银行central bank商业银行 commercial bank充分就业full-employment经济增长economy growth通货膨胀inflation通货膨胀率inflation rate通货紧缩deflation社会保障social insurance社会福利social welfare失业保险 unemployment insurance最低工资minimum wage医疗保险 health insurance福利政策welfare policies绝对优势absolute advantage比较优势comp
26、arative advantage自然禀赋natural endowments国际分工 international divide the work垂直型国际分工vertical international divide the work水平型国际分工 level international divide the work自由贸易 free trade进口imports出口 exports进口替代import substitution贸易赤字 trade deficit贸易集团trading blocs横向一体化 horizontal integration纵向一体化vertical integ
27、ration纵向合并 vertical merger金融投资financial investments金融体系 financial system开放经济open economy封闭经济closed economy资本流入 capital inflow资本市场 capital market资本流出capital outflow公司 corporation债务debt发达国家或工业化国家developed or industrialized countries发展中国家developing countries新兴工业化国家 newly industrialized countries, NICs欧
28、洲联盟European Union北美自由贸易区North America Free Trade Area, NAFTA亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)进入障碍barriers of entry关税壁垒tariff wall贸易壁垒trade barrier非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers倾销dumping汇率 exchange rate出口导向型增长 export-led growth多边贸易multilateral trade保护主义protectionism幼稚产业保护论infant industry arg
29、ument for protection知识产权intellectual property共同基金mutual fund国际贸易international trade国际收支balance of payments经济全球化globalization of economy贸易trade金融finance生产全球化 globalization of production贸易全球化globalization of trade资本全球化globalization of capital金融全球化globalization of finance资本输出export of capital商品输出 expor
30、t of commodity对外开放opening to the world社会主义经济 socialist economy信息经济 informational economy电子商务Electronic Commerce EC跨国公司 Multinational Corporation区域集团 regionally group奴隶贸易trade of slaves殖民地 colony世界市场market of world劳务service技术technology信息information知识knowledge自由贸易区free trade area关税同盟customs union关税tar
31、iff进口配额 quota of imports共同市场 common market产业政策policy of industry完全一体化all-in-one矛盾 contradiction冲突conflict协调coordinate合作cooperate经济格局economic situation国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund, IMF世界银行World Bank世界贸易组织World Trade Organization, WTO经济合作与开发组织Organization for Economic cooperation and Developmen
32、t, OECD政府首脑 head of government国际经济秩序order of the international economy工业制成品industry products初级产品 primary products不平衡性 imbalance后发优势 advantage of latercomer机遇opportunity挑战challenge贸易条件 condition of trade新殖民主义the new-colonialism战略格局stratagem structure经济特区 special economic zone国民待遇national treatment独立自主paddle ones own canoe自力更生self-dependence经济安全safety of economy
