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1、成本管理外文文献及翻译中国企业成本管理的现状分析与对策中文4852字 成本管理外文文献 Chinas Enterprise Cost Management Analysis and Countermeasures Abstract: With the progress and Chinas traditional Cost Management model difficult to adapt to an increasingly competitive market environment. This paper exists in our country a number of Cost
2、Management and finally put forward to address these issues a number of measures to strengthen Cost Management. Keywords: Cost Management measures In a market economy conditions, as the global economic integration, the development of increasingly fierce market competition, corporate profit margins sh
3、rinking. In this case, the level of high and low business costs directly determines the size of an enterprise profitability and competitive strength. Therefore, strengthen enterprise Cost Management business has become an inevitable choice for the survival and development. First, the reality of Chin
4、as Enterprise Cost Management Analysis Cost Management in our country after years of development, has made many achievements, but now faces a new environment, Chinas Cost Management has also exposed some new problems, mainly in the following aspects: (A) Cost Management concept behind the Chinese en
5、terprises lag behind the concept of Cost Management in pervasive phenomenon, mainly in Cost Management of the scope, purpose and means from time to biased. Many enterprises will continue to limit the scope of Cost Management within the enterprise or even only the production process at the expense of
6、 other related companies and related fields cost behavior management. We supply side, for example. The supply side of the price of the product cost of doing business, one of the most important motives. As the supply side of the price of the product and its cost plus profit, so the supply side of pri
7、ce in the form of its own costs to the enterprise. However, some enterprises to the supply side too much rock bottom price, as their source of high profits, without considering each others interests, resulting in supply-side to conceal their true costs, price increase in disguise. This increase in p
8、rocurement costs, thereby increasing commodity costs, making goods less competitive. The purpose of Cost Management from the point of view, many enterprises confined to lower costs, but less from the perspective of cost-effectiveness of the effectiveness of the means of cost reduction mainly rely on
9、 savings, can not be cost-effective. In traditional Cost Management, Cost Management purposes has been reduced to cut costs, saving has become the basic means to reduce costs. From the perspective of Cost Management to analyze the Cost Management of this goal, not difficult to find cost-reduction is
10、 conditional and limits, and in some cases, control of costs, could lead to product quality and enterprise efficiency decline. In addition, the vast majority of enterprises in the overall concept of lack of Cost Management. Most companies have a common phenomenon, that is, to rely on finance staff t
11、o manage costs. In the implementation of Cost Management process, some companies focus only on cost accounting; some business leaders only concerned about the financial and cost statements, using the number of statements to management costs. Although such an approach to reduce the cost to a certain
12、role, but the final analysis, cost accounting, or ex post facto control, failed to do in advance of cost control and occurrence of process control, can not be replaced costing Cost Management. (B) Cost Management obsolete First of all, from a Cost Management in general and ways of looking at, not re
13、ally formed, the systems Cost Management methodology, from speaking, we have proposed the establishment of including cost projections, the cost of decision-making, cost planning, cost accounting, cost control, cost analysis, etc. In the within the new Cost Management system, but how to make this met
14、hodology in a scientific, systematic, forming an organic links there are many problems. Secondly, the specific method of Cost Management perspective, According to the survey, 55.7% of the enterprises use varieties of France, 42.8% of companies use sub-step. The development trend of current world pro
15、duction of many varieties of small batch production mode, this mode of production batches law applies to product cost. Currently, only 6.2% of Chinas enterprises to adopt this method to calculate, which indicates that the organization of production in China is still relatively extensive, paid insuff
16、icient attention to the consumers personality. Finally, from a Cost Management tool to see, even though some enterprises to enter the computerized stage, but the cost of application management module level is not high, and many enterprises are still the manual accounting, in a modern way of technolo
17、gy, Information, and this is bound to constrain business further enhance the level of Cost Management, it is difficult to meet the modern Cost Management of cost Information provided by the timeliness, comprehensiveness, accuracy requirements. (C) the cost Information, a serious distortion of In Chi
18、na, there are a considerable number of enterprises there is the cost of the case Information is untrue, and this situation is getting worse. Cost Information distortion is mainly caused by the following reasons: First, costing only a focus on materials, labor, manufacturing overhead, ignoring the gr
19、owing increase in the modern enterprise product development, the middle of testing and trial-and after-sales service on a small group of input costs associated with the content of the product was incomplete, does not correctly evaluate the products in the the whole process of life-cycle cost-effecti
20、veness. The second is distortion caused by improper costing methods. A high degree of labor-intensive enterprises in the past years, the accounting of the simple assumption (that is, the number of direct labor hours or production basis for the allocation of indirect costs), usually do not cause seri
21、ous distortions in product costs. But in a modern manufacturing environment, the proportion of direct labor costs declined significantly, a substantial increase in the proportion of manufacturing costs, and then use the traditional method of cost computation will produce irrational behavior, the use
22、 of traditional costing will lead to serious distortions in product cost information to enable enterprises to operate the mistake of choosing the direction of products. Third, to achieve the purpose of artificially adjust the cost of a number of hidden losses caused by a serious, corporate virtual s
23、urplus real loss. In China, some enterprises do not increase because of Cost Management, but in order to achieve improper goals or interest to do so at the cost of the external disclosure of false information. Study its causes and performance: business managers in order to gloss over its management
24、performance, to investors, especially medium and small shareholders have a good explanation to take virtual cut costs, inflated benefits, such as Joan China source event, Guangxia event; some private enterprises do not even pay taxes in order to tax less, false purchase invoices, virtual offset valu
25、e-added tax; inflated costs, pay less corporate income tax; a number of enterprise Cost Management is in chaos, infrastructure work is not solid, it is difficult to accurately account for product costs, and thus disclosed the cost of information is not accurate. (D) internal Cost Management of the e
26、stablishment of the main mistakes Cost of production and operation activities, a comprehensive index covering all aspects of management, but also involves all levels of personnel. However, a long time, people have been the existence of a bias, the Cost Management as a finance officer for a small num
27、ber of managers patents, that the cost-effectiveness should be handled by business leaders and finance staff and to all workshops, departments, teams and groups of workers only as a producer, resulting in control costs, understand technology, understand technology, understand the financial, the majo
28、rity of the workers as to which costs should be controlled, how to control problems have no intention also were unable to say in the cost-conscious indifference. Workers that Ganhaoganhuai a sample, feel market pressures, cost control initiative can not be mobilized, serious waste, mainly in energy
29、and materials, the next material without careful planning, the next corner does not make full use of materials, energy and run , risk, dripping, and leak is serious. Cost Management of the main mistakes made to establish the Cost Management business has lost the management of large groups of promise
30、, of course, Cost Management work is not really achieve good results. Second, strengthen enterprise Cost Management measures Cost Management for Chinese Enterprises in the problems, we should start the following efforts to strengthen Cost Management: (A) the introduction of new ideas - the use of st
31、rategic Cost Management Strategic management is central to the sustained competitive advantage for businesses, competitive advantage is the core of any Strategy, it ultimately comes from enterprises to create value for customers, this value must exceed the costs of enterprises to create it. An enter
32、prise to gain a competitive advantage need to make a choice, that is, enterprises must strive for what would be an advantage, and to what extent the problem for superiority to make a choice. This requires the introduction of strategic management of Cost Management thinking, to achieve a strategic se
33、nse of the extensions to form a strategic Cost Management. Strategic Cost Management refers to management of the specialized approach provides an analysis of the enterprise itself and its competitors information to assist managers and evaluation of the formation of corporate Strategy, thereby creati
34、ng a competitive advantage in order to meet enterprises to effectively adapt to constantly changing external environment. (B) establish a new concept 1, establish a system management concepts, the implementation of a comprehensive, whole process of Cost Management The content and scope of the cost o
35、f doing business should not be confined to areas of production, management needs to be with the change, and as the development of management development. Cost Management should be comprehensive, the whole process, and at the design stage till the development planning stage should begin to reduce the
36、 cost of activities. Modern enterprise Cost Management should include the impact on cost changes in all aspects of the projections to penetrate the enterprise, decision-making, technology, sales and other areas in all aspects of the enterprise expansion. 2, establish the concept of cost-effectivenes
37、s, cost forecasting and decision-making levels Enterprises can not succeed in the market for greater profits, they must establish the cost of determining the market concept, give full play to the cost of policy-making functions. Cost Management and enterprises overall effectiveness should also be li
38、nked to the concept of dynamic cost-effective approach to cost and control issues, from the comparative analysis of input and output to look into the necessity and rationality of the enterprise from the perspective of efficiency to determine the increases or decreases in order to conduct a cost bene
39、fit as the center of the dynamic management. 3, establish a sense of innovation, technology and insist on combining The vitality lies in its continued innovation, and enterprises should seize the pulse of the market, seeking mechanism innovation, vibrancy, increase scientific and technological input
40、, and the effective use of new technologies, new equipment, new processes and new materials, relying on technology to reduce product cost. Meanwhile, cost accounting should be considered in the scientific and technological content of products, including the cost to go to facilitate enterprises to th
41、e correct decision. The formation of the product cost, the technical factors, plays an important role, to improve Cost Management, we must implement the technology-driven economic principle of combining. 4, establish a people-oriented concept, create a cohesive force in enterprise People do not simp
42、ly a tool for wealth creation, but an enterprises largest capital, assets, resources and wealth, the main body of the enterprise, is the main Cost Management is to determine the cost of key factors. Therefore, to establish a people-oriented management thinking, and arouse peoples intellectual factor
43、s, train and develop peoples ability to work, so that employees and managers on an equal footing and enjoy the same participation in power, the humanistic, democratic management thinking throughout the enterprise management process from beginning to end, so that enterprises can truly become a democr
44、atic, humane organizations, from the human heart in order to stimulate everyones sense of responsibility and willing to devote themselves masters of the spiritual power. (C) the introduction of advanced Cost Management - activity-based costing and cost-planning method Since the cost of the early 20t
45、h century inception, he has appeared standard cost, budget control, difference, cost-of-state analysis, variable cost method, volume-profit analysis, responsibility accounting, etc. a series of traditional cost accounting methods. However, in todays increasingly competitive market economy, the tradi
46、tional cost accounting methods have fatal defects, thus creating an activity-based costing and cost-planning method. 1, Activity-Based Costing Activity-Based Costing is based on cost driver as the fundamental basis of a cost-accounting methods. Its basic principle is that consumption of output opera
47、tions, operations consume resources. In the product cost, it will be the focus from the traditional products move to work on to work for the accounting object, and the first motivation of resources based on resource allocation of costs to the job, and then tracked by the activity driver products, th
48、e final product obtained costs. It is customer-oriented chain, to the value chain as the center of the business operational procedures fundamental and thorough reform, emphasizing the coordination of corporate internal and external customer relations, starting from the enterprise as a whole, coordin
49、ating the various departments and links the relationship between the ask enterprises to material supply, production and marketing aspects of the operations form a continuous, synchronouss workflow, the elimination of all can not increase the value of the operation, so that enterprises in the state continued to improve and promote enterprise-wide optimization, establishing competitive advantage. 2, cost planning method The cost of plannin
