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1、简单句的五种基本句型,黄冈天有高中-聂双双,高考英语总复习：,Opening Ceremony,Military Parade,中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年阅兵仪式,今年是世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，也是中国人民抗日战争胜利70周年。,It is the 70th anniversary of both the Worlds Anti-fascism War and the victory of Chinas Resistance War against Japanese Aggression this year.,Learning Goals(学习目标),1.学习并掌握简
2、单句的五种基本句型的相关用法；2.通过做适当的练习（如改错，语法填空，汉译英等）来帮助巩固所学知识；3.激发大家对英语语法和写作的学习兴趣。,What kinds of English sentences do you know?,按句子的结构可分为,简单句,并列句,复合句,Thinking 1,1.The class can greatly inspire us.2.It was a song of peace and Id memorize each word.3.We should never forget the fact that Japanese invaded China.4.H
3、e is the very man that we are looking for.5.When I was young,Id listen to the radio waiting for my favorite songs.,并列句,简单句,由and,but,or,so这四个并列连词连接，而“，”是不能连接两个简单句的。,复合句,由一套主谓结构组成。,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,Identification,什么是简单句？,从结构上看，如果英语句子只包含_，句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，它就是简单句。,Thinking 2,一套主谓结构,虽然英语句子长短简繁不一，且表面上似乎难以捉
4、摸，但从实质上可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。基本归纳成是：五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握以下简单句的五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，更是提高我们写作能力的金钥匙。,Thinking 3,为什么要学习简单句？,简单句有哪五种基本句型？,基本句型一：+i+（主系表）,基本句型二：+l（主谓）,基本句型三：+t+（主谓宾）,基本句型四:+t+IO+DO(主谓间宾直宾）,基本句型五:+t+O（主谓宾宾补）,Thinking 4,特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。,基
5、本句型一+（主系表）,1.含“是”意义的有：2.表感知状态的 有3.表示状态变化的有：4.表状态延续的有：,常见的系动词有哪些？,feel,smell,taste,sound,look;,become,get,grow,turn,come(true),go,run,fall;,remain,keep,stay,continue,stand;,be,seem,prove,appear;,主系表S+V+P,1.You are very happy.2.Everything looks nice.3.My face turned red.4.The weather is becoming colde
6、r and colder.,Example,The boy is cute.,The little boy is very cute.,The little boy who has small eyes is very cute.,主语+系动词+表语S+V+P,+定语,+状语,+定语从句,16,1.The report sounds interestingly.2.The leaves has turned yellow.3.Children seldom keep in quiet.4.He out of work.,单句改错,interesting,is,have,17,1.In wint
7、er,the days _(be)short and the nights are long.2.At the age of fifteen,he _(become)a famous pianist.3.Every afternoon a lot of students go to the playground _(play)basketball.4.The pretty girl _ is standing at the door is my student.,单句语法填空,are,became,to play,who,基本句型二(subject)+Vi(verb)（主谓）特点:句子的谓语动
8、词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。注意：该结构由“主语+不及物动词”构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises.He came back.此外，句子的主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:,V,S,=The red sun rises in the east.,=He came back when we were eating.,主语+谓语S+V,The teacher was speaking.,The teacher in white was speaking.,The teacher in white was s
9、peaking in the platform.,The teacher in white was speaking in the platform in 2009.,+时间状语,+定语,+地点状语,1.He is being working.2.What he said do not matter.3.The pen writes smooth.4.Hear the news,his mother cried sadly.,单句改错,Hearing,smoothly,does,21,1明天她会过来。(come),She will come,tomorrow.,five years ago.,
10、2五年前我住在武汉。(live),I lived,in Wuhan,3每天八点开始上课。(begin),every day.,Classes begin,at eight,in the past ten years.,4在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。(take place),Great changes have taken place,in my hometown,practice,Translation,基本句型 三+（主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即该动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。此时，这类动词叫做及物动词或者短语。常见的及物动
11、词有：like,enjoy,desire,expect,look for,take care of等等。e.g.We like the movie.S,V,o,They were playing a tug-of-war.,They were playing a tug-of-war on September 28th,2008.,They were playing a tug-of-war which our teachers took part in on September 28th,2008.,主语+谓语+宾语S+V+O,+时间状语,+定语从句,1.We study English i
12、n every day.2.They are play football now.3.He enjoys read.4.Last night she says“Good night.”,单句改错,playing,reading,said,2023/3/16,25,1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书我已经读过多次了。4.上周我收到了你的来信。,I wrote a letter last night.,I want to talk with you this afternoon.,I have read this book many times.,I heard from you
13、 last week.,Translation,基本句型 四+IO+D（主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为：e.g.She gave Tom an apple.I bought him a pen yesterday.,主+谓+直宾+介词+间宾,=She gave an apple to Tom.,=She bought a pen for him,2023/3/16,27,1.由“主+谓+间宾（人）+直宾（事物）”组成。如：He brings me some flowers every da
14、y.2.若要先说出直宾（事物），后说间宾（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings some flowers to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。,使用双宾语结构的几个注意事项：,3.可接双宾语的常见动词（需借助to的）有,tell(告诉某人),send(送给某人),give(给某人),bring(带给某人),tellsb sth(tell sth to sb),sendsb sth(send sth to sb)
15、,give sb sth(give sth to sb),bringsb sth(bring sth to sb),leave(留给某人),pass(递给某人),read(给某人读),write(给某人写),take(给某人拿),leave sb sth(leave sth to sb),passsb sth(pass sth to sb),readsb sth(read sth to sb),write sb sth(write sth to sb),takesb sth(take sth to sb),show(给某人看),teach(教给某人),lend(借给某人),return(还给某
16、人)hand(递给某人)throw(扔给某人),showsb sth(show sth to sb),teach sb sth(teach sth to sb),lendsb.sth(lend sth to sb),return sb sth(return sth to sb),handsb sth(hand sth to sb),throw sb sth(throw sth to sb),get(为某人弄到),pay(支付给某人),buy(为某人买),do(为某人做)sing(为某人唱)play(为某人演奏),getsb sth(get sth for sb),paysb sth(pay s
17、th for sb),buysb sth(buy sth for sb),do sb sth(do sth for sb),sing sb sth(sing sth for sb),play sb sth(play sth for sb),4.可接双宾语的常见动词（需借助for的）有,cook(为某人煮)choose(为某人选择)make(为某人做)save(为某人留)fetch(为某人去取),cook sb sth(cook sth for sb),choose sb sth(choose sth for sb),make sb sth(make sth for sb),save sb st
18、h(save sth for sb),fetch sb sth(fetch sth for sb),33,1.今年刘老师教我们数学。(teach)2昨晚她给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。(tell)3.你能把那本字典递给我吗？(pass)4他给我们唱了一首歌。(sing),Mr.Liu teaches us maths,this year.,She told us an interesting story,last night.,Could you pass me the dictionary?,He sang a song for us.,基本句型 五+O（主谓宾宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但
19、是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：此类结构能表达成（宾语）是/要做e.g.We made him the manager.主,谓,宾,宾补,1.We must keep the door opened.2.The news makes me happily.3.We call himself Jim.4.He told me wash the plates.,单句改错,open,happy,him,to,2023/3/16,36,1.由“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语
20、补足语，则句意不够完整。2.可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.3.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,使用复合宾语结构的几个注意事项：,1我们叫她Alice.（call）2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。(consider)
21、3我想要你把真相告诉我。(want)4.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。(let),37,We wont let her go out at night.,We call her Alice.,We all consider him honest.,I want you to tell me the truth.,Translation,分析下列句子的结构及其成分。1.Plants need water.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.The flower is so fresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.They work hard.S+V(主+谓)4.He gives me some seeds.S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)5.We should keep the classroom clean.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补),请用所学知识完成下面的小作文。,我们班由53位成员组成。这是一个大家庭。我们经常彼此帮助。我们的班长是一个男孩。他学习很努力，并且时刻都准备好帮助别人。我们都很喜欢他。我们班是一个快乐的集体，经常充满了笑声。每一个老师都很乐意帮助我们解决学习上和生活上的问题。为了能考上理想的大学，我们共同努力，共同进步，尽我们最大的努力去实现我们的梦想。,Homework,Take a break!,Thanks,
