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1、进出口物流信息平台研究 进出口物流信息平台研究 Research on Import and Export Logistics Information Platform 【摘要】 20世纪末到本世纪初,随着全球制造业的转移,世界制造业巨头纷纷登陆中国。随着世界上各种技术和管理问题的日益复杂化和多维化,特别是互联网的广泛应用,不仅打破了企业之间信息沟通的时空界限,而且改变着人们认识问题和解决问题的思维方式。整个世界的经济活动呈现出全球经济一体化的特征。因此,市场对企业的生存和竞争力提出了更高的要求,竞争方式也发生了潜移默化的转变,从某种意义上讲,企业之间的竞争将逐渐转变成供应链体系之间的竞争,成
2、为一种新的管理模式。近年来,随着制造业转移到中国,我国的进出口贸易额持续扩大,但是企业间的物流大多数仍然是孤立、封闭的、自成系统的,供应链物流节点尚未形成一个宏观有机的物流体系。企业间缺少物流网络化、信息传递速度慢,信息共享程度差,从而更加剧了物流系统的分散。以上问题表明,供应链体系中物流节点共享信息的能力非常有限,无法高效地完成物流全过程的协调、控制和管理,远不能适应现代制造业对电子商务的要求。企业迫切希望建立企业间物流信息平台,沟通供应链的各个节点。所谓物流信息平台,是以供应链一体化理论为指导,以信息技术和计算机网络为技术基础,集成供应链各节点信息的网络平台。物流信息平台的理论研究和设计实
3、践进程,将对提高制造业生产力水平,加快电子商务的实施,对加快国内投资软环境的发展及国民经济的发展将起到有力的推动作用。本课题所研究的主题是供应链中的一部分。制造的全球化,使供应链上下游的企业的物流传递过程经常是在不同的国家之间,于是在这些企业面临的一个问题是物料需要频繁的进出口。而在进出口的整个流程中间,由于涉及到不同的国境或关境,涉及不同的国家对贸易政策的不同,涉及地域的广泛等等,使得进出口流程通常比较复杂,不同于供应链在一个国境或关境内那样流畅。专业化的分工,使得整个进出口流程涉及到各种不同的企业,各自完成职能,共同保障进出口的业务流程。通过各种单证的传递划分权责并转移风险。进出口物流同时
4、伴随着大量的信息流,目前处理信息流的主要方法是通过单证的传递,但是信息的传递同样占用了较多的时间。随着信息技术及计算机网络的出现和快速发展,使得信息的传递有了新的方法,信息的实时传递已经成为可能。本文研究的内容是以信息技术和计算机网络为手段,解决进出口物流过程中信息传递的问题。使得物流过程中伴随着的信息流的实时传递成为可能,使企业可以更专注于处理进出口过程中的实体物流,提高物流效率。本文首先是分析进出口物流的业务流程,涉及到的相关职能企业,分别从进出口业务流程的角度和各职能企业的角度进行全面分析。然后是根据对业务及职能企业的分析的基础上,对进出口业务中的单证进行分析。在对单证分析的基础上归纳出
5、信息平台的数据模型。根据对职能企业的业务分析设计出信息平台的用户及角色。最后是详述在进出口物流过程中,利用信息平台处理进出口信息,同时展现了信息平台部分设计的实现界面。在本文的最后,叙述了进出口物流信息平台的实现尚待解决的一些关键问题及发展近况,供大家参考。【Abstract】 End of the 20th century to the beginning of this century, with the transfer of global manufacturing industry, the worlds manufacturing industry giants have land
6、ed China. With the world on a variety of technical and management issues increasingly complex and multi-dimensional, particularly the wider use of the Internet not only to break the communication of information between enterprises time and space boundaries, and changes in the awareness of the proble
7、m and ways of thinking to solve the problem . The whole world economic activities of the global economic integration features. Therefore, the survival of the enterprise market and the competitiveness to a higher demand have taken place in the competitive mode of subtle changes, in a sense, competiti
8、on among enterprises will be gradually transformed into the supply chain between the competition, become a new kind of management model.In recent years, with manufacturing shift to China, Chinas import and export trade continues to expand, but the majority of logistics enterprises is still isolated,
9、 closed, the establishment of a system, supply chain logistics node has not yet formed a macro organic Logistics System . Lack of inter-enterprise logistics network, and slow the transmission of information, sharing of information poor, which have exacerbated the spread of the logistics system. That
10、 the above problems, the logistics supply chain system to share information node has very limited capability to effectively unable to complete the entire process of the logistics coordination, control and management, much of modern manufacturing industry to meet the requirements of e-commerce. Eager
11、 to set up a business enterprise of logistics information platform, the various supply chain communication nodes. The so-called logistics information platform, a supply chain integration theory as a guide, with information technology and computer network technology based, integrated supply chain nod
12、es information network platform. Logistics Information Platform of theoretical study and practical design process, the manufacturing sector will raise the level of productive forces and speed up the implementation of e-commerce, domestic investment to accelerate the development of the soft environme
13、nt for the development of the national economy and will play a strong role in promoting this. The subject is the theme of the study as part of the supply chain. The globalization of manufacturing, supply chain logistics enterprises in the downstream transmission is often in different countries, so i
14、n these enterprises are faced with a problem is the frequent need for the import and export of materials. And the import and export of the entire process in the middle, as it relates to different national borders or customs territories, involving different countries on different trade policy, involv
15、ing a broad geographical and so on, making the import and export processes are usually more complex, unlike in a supply chain customs in the country or as smooth. Specialized division of labor, the entire import and export processes related to a variety of enterprises, their complete functions, the
16、import and export of common security business processes. Through various documents and the transfer of powers and responsibilities of risk transference. Import and export logistics accompanied by a lot of information, and handling the flow of information through the primary means of the transfer doc
17、ument, but the same information transmission occupied more time. As information technology and the emergence of computer networks, and rapid development, making information transfer with the new method, the real-time transmission of information has become possible.In this paper,the content of which
18、is information technology and computer networks as a means to solve the import and export logistics process in the transmission of information issues. In the process of making the logistics accompanied by the transfer of real-time information flow possible, so that enterprises can be more focused on
19、 dealing with the import and export logistics entities in the process, improve the efficiency of logistics. First, the logistics of the import and export business processes, which involve functions related enterprises, from the perspective of the import and export business processes and functions of
20、 the angle of enterprises to conduct a comprehensive analysis. And is based on the business and corporate functions on the basis of the analysis of the import and export business in the document analysis. In the analysis of the document on the basis of the information platform into the data model. A
21、ccording to the business functions of enterprise information platform for the design and user roles. Finally, there is detailed in the import and export logistics process, the use of information processing platform for the import and export information, and information platform has demonstrated the
22、realization of the design interface.In this paper the final, described the import and export logistics information platform for the realization of some of the key outstanding issues and the recent development, for your reference.【关键词】 物流; 信息平台; 进出口 进出口物流信息平台研究摘要 5-7 ABSTRACT 7-8 第一章 绪论 11-18 1.1 引言
23、11 1.2 一体化物流 11-14 1.2.1 物流与供应链 11-12 1.2.2 一体化物流 12-13 1.2.3 虚拟物流企业 13-14 1.3 进出口物流信息平台研究背景 14-15 1.4 本课题的研究意义 15-16 1.5 本课题的研究内容 16 1.6 本课题的研究方法 16-18 第二章 进出口物流信息平台业务流程分析 18-23 2.1 进出口业务流程分析 18-19 2.2 企业端业务流程分析 19-23 2.2.1 货主企业 19-20 2.2.2 货代企业 20 2.2.3 船代企业 20-21 2.2.4 班轮公司 21 2.2.5 船舶 21 2.2.6 码
24、头公司 21-22 2.2.7 保险公司 22-23 第三章 进出口物流信息平台数据模型设计 23-32 3.1 进出口单证流转模型 23-26 3.1.1 进出口单证流转模型图 24-25 3.1.2 进出口单证流转模型分析 25-26 3.2 进出口数据模型设计 26-27 3.2.1 进出口数据模型图 26-27 3.2.2 进出口数据模型分析 27 3.3 信息平台用户权限设计 27-32 3.3.1 单证权限汇总 28-30 3.3.2 用户角色设计 30-32 第四章 进出口物流信息平台功能实现 32-49 4.1 平台建设目标与设计原则 32-33 4.1.1 平台建设目标 32
25、 4.1.2 平台设计原则 32-33 4.2 信息平台项目视图及项目范围 33-35 4.2.1 项目视图 33-34 4.2.2 项目范围 34-35 4.3 进出口流程相关功能实现 35-49 4.3.1 信息平台操作流程 36-38 4.3.2 部分功能实现 38-49 第五章 进出口物流信息平台结论与展望 49-53 5.1 进出口物流信息平台的效率效益分析 49 5.2 进出口物流信息平台尚待解决的关键问题 49-53 5.2.1 信息技术及计算机网络技术的保障 49-50 5.2.2 健全诚信体系及相关的立法工作 50-51 5.2.3 政府等相关单位需要提供更为开放的技术接口 51-53 参考文献 53-59 致谢 59-60 攻读学位期间发表的学术论文目录 60
